PDF Notes for Episode on Small Bowel Malignancy.

After this episode, listeners should be able to: Understand the basic anatomy, physiology, and function of the small bowel List the types and common locations of small bowel malignancies Recognize risk factors for small bowel cancers Identify the clinical presentations for small bowel malignancies Understand the preoperative workup for diagnosis Describe the surgical treatment for small bowel malignancies

By the end of this episode, you will be able to  Briefly describe the pathophysiology, risk factors of pre-eclampsia, and complications  Recognize the clinical presentation including history and physical findings  List and describe your work up Describe your management and treatment if possible 

By the end of this episode, learners will be able to: Briefly describe the aetiologies and pathophysiology of primary and secondary amenorrhea Recognize the clinical presentation including history and physical findings  List and describe your work up Describe your management and treatment if possible 

PDF Notes for Episode on Amenorrhea

After listening to this podcast you will be able to understand the following: Common causes of cranial and spinal infections that may develop into abscesses and lead to neurosurgical intervention Understand the workup used to assess patients that present with an infection that can be addressed by Neurosurgery List common differential diagnoses for these presentations Have a general knowledge of high yield surgical principles used Understand the non-surgical management of cranial and spinal abscesses

At the end of this episode, you will: Understand fundamental principles underlying various approaches to surgical treatment of the liver. Apply clinical scoring systems to decide between various treatment approaches for liver pathologies. Appreciate the interdisciplinary nature of decision making for complex liver presentations.

By the end of this episode you will be able to: List the different types of liver cancer and their epidemiology Explain how to make the diagnosis in a patient with suspected liver cancer Describe how to stage a patient with suspected liver cancer Outline the treatment options for a patient with liver cancer

After listening to this episode, you will be able to: List the most common types of benign liver lesions Outline the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of the patient diagnosed with a benign liver lesion

By the end of this episode you will be able to: Describe the anatomy and physiology of the liver Outline the pathophysiology and common symptoms of liver failure Explain how to assess and treat a patient with cirrhosis

In this episode, University of Alberta medical student Ryerson Seguin interviews oncoplastic breast surgeon Dr. David Lesniak.

By the end of this podcast, listeners will be able to: Discuss the epidemiology and natural history of benign renal masses List the most common types of benign renal masses Describe the investigations used to differentiate between a benign and malignant renal mass Describe the management of benign renal masses

At the end of this episode, you will be able to: Describe what HPV is and how it relates to cancer, in particular head and neck cancers Recognize the risk factors for HPV-related head and neck cancers Differentiate between HPV-related and non-HPV related head and neck cancers List various management and treatment options for HPV-related head and neck cancer

At the end of this episode, you will be able to: Explain the pathophysiology of a chylothorax List the common etiologies of a chylothorax Describe the assessment strategies for chylothorax Understand the treatment options available for chylothorax

At the end of this episode, you will be able to: List the common etiologies of vocal fold paralysis Recognize the common presentations of vocal fold paralysis Explain the process to diagnose vocal fold paralysis Describe the management and treatment options for vocal fold paralysis

After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Describe the typical clinical presentation of distal radius fractures Outline the diagnosis and management of the patient with distal radius fractures

By the end of this podcast, you Outline the anatomy and physiology of the pituitary gland and the pathophysiology of pituitary tumours Describe the clinical presentation of pituitary adenomas, including endocrine and mass effect signs and symptoms Classify pituitary adenomas, based both on size and hormonal dysfunction List clinically useful investigations, including bloodwork and imaging. Build a robust differential diagnosis Describe management options, including medical, surgical and radiotherapy options and the pros and cons of each those

After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: List the reasons for which hysterectomies are done Outline the types of hysterectomies Outlines the route of hysterectomy and factors to consider when choosing route of hysterectomy Outline the advantages and disadvantages of the various surgical approaches List the pre-operative steps taken before a hysterectomy List the potential complications of hysterectomies

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Describe what a composite tissue flap is. Broadly describe the different ways of categorizing flaps. Detail the main differences between a random pattern flap and axial pattern flap. Provide examples of flaps and their uses. Outline the post-operative management of flaps.

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Differentiate the timing of repair for nerve injuries taking into account the acuity and mechanism of injury. Describe the investigations available to help diagnose a nerve injury. List the potential management options for a neuroma. Describe the basic principles of nerve grafting and reconstruction. Outline the recovery and expected outcomes of someone who has undergone a nerve repair.

After listening to this first episode, learners will be able to: Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of nerves. Describe what Wallerian degeneration is and provide the basics of peripheral nerve regeneration. Describe a basic approach to history taking after a peripheral nerve injury. Describe the classification of nerve injuries using the Seddon and Sunderland classifications.

After listening to this first episode, learners will be able to: Define what microsurgery is and provide examples of its applications. Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of blood vessels. Describe the initial approach to managing a laceration to the hand/wrist. List the basic tools and solutions you would find on the microsurgical field. Describe some of the basic principles of microvascular repair.

At the end of the episode you will be able to: Understand how a focal liver lesion may present Develop a differential diagnosis of benign and serious causes for focal liver lesions Describe the diagnostic workup and potential management plans for a focal liver lesion

After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: Describe common etiologies of MCC List risk factors for MCC Recognize classic presentation of MCC Develop a differential diagnosis for an asymptomatic growing nodule Outline the diagnostic work-up for MCC Describe therapeutic options for MCC

By the end of this episode, you will be able to; Recognize and diagnose acute GI bleeding secondary to colon cancer. Develop an approach to acute bleeding with a good understanding of the different treatment modalities available.

By the end of the episode, you will be able to; Understand the pathophysiology of bowel perforation secondary to colon cancer and how it may present. Demonstrate an approach to diagnosis and management of bowel perforation. Be familiar with the different treatment techniques, for such emergencies.

By the end of this episode you will be able to; Recognize the first main emergent presentation of colon cancer, how to diagnose, and how to manage them. Know when to utilize damage control measures and how to identify unstable patients. Understand the different treatment options for right versus left-sided obstructions.  

After this podcast learners should be able to Define laryngomalacia and discuss why it is an important topic Describe the pathophysiology and classifications of laryngomalacia Outline the typical presentation of the condition Develop a differential diagnosis for chronic stridor in pediatric patients Outline the workup for a patient presenting with chronic stridor Describe options for medical and surgical management of laryngomalacia

After this podcast learners should be able to Define nocturnal enuresis and why this is an important issue Describe the pathophysiology and risk factors for nocturnal enuresis Develop a differential diagnosis for nocturnal enuresis (monosymptomatic vs non monosymptomatic) Describe the investigations for a patient presenting with nocturnal enuresis Describe options for behavioral and pharmacological interventions for nocturnal enuresis

By the end of this episode, you will be able to: Describe the pathogenesis of GIST Recognize the clinical presentation of GIST including history and physical findings List potential differential diagnoses  Describe treatment modalities

By the end of this episode, you will be able to: Identify the various indications of rhinoplasty. Recognize the nasal anatomy that is being manipulated in the procedure. Describe in brief different surgical approaches, complications, and post-operative care for rhinoplasty.

By the end of this episode you will be able to: Understand why culturally safe and trauma-informed care is necessary when discussing tubal ligation Understand why counselling before the procedure is important and what to discuss with the patient Describe the different methods available for tubal ligation and recognize which methods are preferable for certain clinical scenarios Describe the surgical steps involved in laparoscopic tubal ligation

By the end of this episode you will be able to: Understand the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence and its impacts on quality of life Recognize the clinical presentation of stress urinary incontinence including history and physical exam Describe the pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence and its 2 sub-types Describe the different techniques of mid-urethral sling surgery

By the end of this episode you will be able to: Understand pressure versus volume control ventilation Describe how different ventilator modes can be used for surgical induction, maintenance and emergence Describe clinical indications of readiness for extubation

By the end of this episode you will be able to: Understand the concepts of ventilation and oxygenation Describe the essential settings available on the ventilator Recognize and problem solve basic ventilation and oxygenation problems you might encounter in the OR

After listening to this podcast, listeners should be able to: Develop a differential diagnosis for heavy, irregular vaginal bleeding. Outline the diagnostic work-up for cervical cancer and interpret based cervical biopsy results. Describe the general staging system for cervical cancer and explain how it guides treatment-intent. List the pros and cons of the different treatment modalities available for cervical cancer, along with their side-effects.

The objectives of this two-part podcast are to: Discuss the prevalence, current trends, and motivations behind FGC Describe the different types of FGC Detail the legality of FGC in Canada Discuss the immediate and long term consequences of FGC Discuss the clinical management of women with FGC with respect to gynecologic and  obstetric care Develop an approach for the provision of culturally competent and trauma informed care for adolescents and women with FGC

The objectives of this two-part podcast are to: Discuss the prevalence, current trends, and motivations behind FGC Describe the different types of FGC Detail the legality of FGC in Canada Discuss the immediate and long term consequences of FGC Discuss the clinical management of women with FGC with respect to gynecologic and  obstetric care Develop an approach for the provision of culturally competent and trauma informed care for adolescents and women with FGC

By the end of today’s episode, the learner will be able to: Describe Surgical approaches used for male gender affirming surgery, including metoidioplasty, phalloplasty and testicular and penile implants Outline complications commonly seen after male gender affirming surgery

By the end of today’s episode, the learner will be able to: Describe the pre-operative considerations relating to gender affirming surgery Outline the embryological origins of the external genitalia Describe the common surgical techniques used in female gender affirming surgery List complications commonly encountered after female gender affirming surgery

By the end of today’s episode, the learner will be able to: Describe basic terms relating to about the transgender community Comfortably use inclusive language and pronouns Describe the DSM-IV diagnosis of gender dysphoria, and Recognize the elements of the pathway to receiving gender affirming surgery in Canada

In recent times, the terms “equity, diversity, and inclusion” or “EDI” have become buzzwords for academic institutions to demonstrate their commitment to social accountability. Although incredible work is being done, it is important to remember why it was necessary in the first place and what the ultimate goals are. Today, as I discuss EDI in surgical education, I’d like to highlight these are my own thoughts at this stage in my training as I continue to learn and unlearn, and also thank you, the listener, for engaging in what can often be a difficult discussion. There are no formal “learning objectives” for this episode, but I hope you will be able to reflect on the following ideas: The role of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) in surgical education regarding what is taught, why, and by whom. How to reflect on and grow your own EDI understanding as you go through your medical training.

After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Describe the typical clinical presentation of De Quervain's tenosynovitis Explain the pathophysiology for De Quervain's tenosynovitis Outline the diagnosis and management of the patient with De Quervain's tenosynovitis.

 After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Describe the typical clinical presentation of mallet finger Explain the pathophysiology for mallet finger Outline the diagnosis and management of the patient with mallet finger.

 After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Describe the typical clinical presentation of Dupuytren’s contracture Explain the pathophysiology and list common risk factors for Dupuytren’s contracture Outline the diagnosis and management of the patient with Dupuytren’s contracture.

After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Describe the typical clinical presentation of trigger finger Explain the pathophysiology and list common risk factors for trigger finger Outline the diagnosis and management of the patient with trigger finger.

By the end of this video episode, you will: Review basic principles of vascular bypass grafts Review surgical terms used Understand potential complications of bypass grafts Understand the basic steps of various bypass grafts

At the end of the episode, the learner will know the: Pathophysiology of PAD Clinical features of PAD Medical and surgical management of PAD

By the end of this episode, you will be able to: Recognize the clinical presentation of meniscal injury on history and physical exam. Describe the anatomy of the menisci and classification of tears. Describe operative and non-operative management options for meniscal tears, including the indications, risks, and benefits of each.

At the end of this episode, learners will be able to: Define Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Understand why it’s important The relevant pathophysiology of DCM and how patients present The prognosis of DCM

In this podcast, listeners will learn about Giant Cell Arteritis, specifically with regards to: Exactly what giant cell arteritis is, and its pathophysiology Factors that are associated with its occurrence How it clinically manifests in patients, and how you can recognise it Other common differentials What urgent management is required, as well as considerations for longer-term management    

After this episode, listeners should be able to: Understand the basic anatomy of the esophagus Recognize the causes of an esophageal perforation Identify the locations and clinical presentations of an esophageal perforation List a differential diagnosis Understand the preoperative work up for diagnosing an esophageal perforation Describe the treatment Describe the major steps in the surgical repair of an esophageal perforation

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define necrotizing enterocolitis and understand its importance as one of the most common gastrointestinal emergencies Describe the pathophysiology and potential risk factors Identify common clinical features and physical exam findings Outline appropriate investigations and treatment options

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define tracheoesophageal fistulas and esophageal atresias and understand their importance Describe the pathophysiology and potential associated anomalies Identify common clinical features and physical exam findings Outline appropriate treatment options and potential complications

In this video, Dr Jonathan White from Surgery 101 shares his reflections on the effects of the global COVID - 19 pandemic. The opinions expressed in this video are solely his own, and do not reflect the opinions and beliefs of any other people or organizations.   Follow us for more great content on the Surgery 101 social channels.   Website: LinkedIn: Twitter: Facebook: Instagram:

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define an intestinal atresia and understand its importance Describe the pathophysiological processes leading to this condition Identify common clinical features and physical exam findings Outline appropriate investigations and treatment options Outline the prognosis and potential complications

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTE) and understand the importance of treating this deformity quickly Describe the pathophysiology and relevant anatomy Identify common clinical features and physical exam findings Outline appropriate treatment options and potential complications

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define congenital diaphragmatic hernias and recognize the two common types Identify common clinical features, and physical exam findings List appropriate investigations and treatment options Describe the prognosis and potential complications

In this Current Conversation podcast on bias in the Canadian healthcare system, Surgery 101 is joined by Psychiatry and Paediatrics Associate Professor Dr. Javeed Sukhera, who is the incoming Chair of Psychiatry at the Institute of Living (IOL), and Chief of Psychiatry at Hartford Hospital in Connecticut. Hosted by Surgery 101 co-founder Dr. Jonathan White, this podcast episode covers the timely topic of bias, its influence in systems and learning, its visible and invisible impacts, and how to recognize our own bias and address it, something which isn’t talked about enough in medical school and residency education. Keep an eye out for future Current Conversations podcast episodes, and let us know what you’d like to hear in a future episode. GET IN TOUCH: DR. JAVEED SUKHERA: Twitter: https://twitter.com/javeedsukhera Website: https://javeedsukhera.com/about SURGERY 101 Website: http://surgery101.org/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/surgery101/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/surgery_101 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/surgery101 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/surgery.101

In this Current Conversation podcast on Wellness and Self-Care, Surgery 101 is joined by ER physician Dr. Grant Kennedy from the Rockyview General Hospital in Calgary, Canada. Hosted by Surgery 101 co-founder Dr. Jonathan White, this podcast episode covers the timely topic of physician burnout and how to combat it, which isn’t talked about enough in medical school and residency education.  To protect himself from burnout Dr. Kennedy uses his love of music and songwriting to shift his focus away from his job and its stresses and traumas, which allows him to create a better space to work in and to enables him to take care of others.  Keep an eye out for future Current Conversations podcast episodes, and let us know what you’d like to hear, and who you would like to hear from, in a future episode. GET IN TOUCH: GRANT KENNEDY MUSIC:  YouTube:   Twitter:   Facebook:   Instagram:   Website:  SURGERY 101  LinkedIn:   Twitter:   Facebook:   Instagram:   Website:    

By the end of this episode learners will be able to: Describe the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy Recognize the clinical presentation of diabetic retinopathy including history and physical findings List and describe various related treatment options including the risks and benefits, effectivity, and common complications Describe management and routine screening for diabetic retinopathy

In this timely and very much needed video episode, Surgery 101 is joined by Dr. Lisa Richardson from the University of Toronto and discusses Anti-Indigenous racism in the Canadian Healthcare system. She offers her insights into how medical schools should incorporate Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion discourse and learning into their curriculum, and how truth is an important first step towards reconciliation in the future.  Dr. Richardson is Associate Dean, Inclusion & Diversity, at the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and the Indigenous Health Strategic Lead at Women’s College Hospital in Toronto, Canada. 

We're living in the 21st century and there are a lot of issues are are important in the world today. Be it inclusive medicine, racism in the healthcare system, understanding LGBTQIA2S and other big conversations, Surgery 101 is poised to respond, as well as be a thought leader in having these difficult conversations. We made this video to talk through why we are making it a point to have these conversations.

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define Lumbar Hernia Describe the anatomy of Lumbar Hernias Outline the clinical presentation of Lumbar Hernias Describe the diagnosis and treatment of patients with Lumbar Hernias  

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define Obturator Hernias Describe the anatomy relevant to Obturator Hernias Outline the clinical presentation of Obturator Hernias Describe the diagnosis and treatment of patients with Obturator Hernias

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Discuss the basic pathophysiology and complications of abdominal wall hernias Define Spigelian hernia Describe the anatomy of Spigelian Hernias Outline the clinical presentation of Spigelian Hernias Describe the diagnosis and treatment of patients with a Spigelian Hernia

Dr. Arman Abdalkhani talks to Yu Qi Wu on the subject of tracheostomies during the COVID 19 pandemic.

After listening to this podcast, the learner will be able to, Understand the indications for tracheostomy, Be able to choose the appropriate tracheostomy type, Will know the landmarks and important aspects of the procedure, Look out for potential complications, and Understand management of tracheostomies.

After listening to this podcast, students should be able to: Identify the different stages of esophageal cancer in broad terms. List the possible treatment options for patients with esophageal cancer. Ultimately, have a standardized approach to esophageal cancer, having understood the clinical presentation, relevant investigations, and treatment modalities.

After listening to this podcast, students should be able to: Identify risk factors related to each of the two types of esophageal cancer List symptoms presented by patients with esophageal cancer. Explain recommended steps to diagnose patients with esophageal cancer List the general treatment options for patients with esophageal cancer

In this episode Madeline McDonald interviews Dr. Najma Ahmed who is the co-founder of Canadian Doctors for Protection from Guns. Madeline and Dr. Ahmed discuss various topics from mentorship and physician advocacy to gun control and the government's responsibilty to address gun violence as a public health emergency.

By the end of this podcast, you will be able to:  Identify key features on history and physical examination suggestive of an extensor tendon injury; List key structures relevant to the management of an extensor tendon injuries; Discuss of surgical and non-surgical options for the treatment of extensor tendon injuries; Outline potential complications of extensor tendon injuries.

PDF Notes for Episode on Assessment and Management of Flexor Tendon Injuries

By the end of this podcast, you should be able to:  Identify key features on history and physical examination suggestive of flexor tendon injury; List the implications of primary versus secondary repairs;  Identify key structures relevant to the management of a flexor tendon injuries;  Discuss  surgical and non-surgical options for the treatment of flexor tendon injuries;  Identify potential complications of flexor tendon injuries.  

By the end of this podcast, the listener will be able to:  Identify key features on history and physical examination suggestive of proximal metacarpal fractures; Create a differential diagnosis for proximal metacarpal fractures; Understand the initial management for a patient with a proximal metacarpal fracture; Be aware of surgical and non-surgical options for the treatment of proximal metacarpal fractures; Identify potential complications of proximal metacarpal fractures Be aware of the long-term functional outcomes of proximal metacarpal fractures.

By the end of this podcast, you should be able to:  Identify key features on history and physical examination suggestive of metacarpal fractures; Create a differential diagnosis for metacarpal fractures; Understand the initial management for a patient with a metacarpal fracture; Be aware of surgical and non-surgical options for the treatment of metacarpal fractures; Identify potential complications of metacarpal fractures Be aware of the long-term functional outcomes of metacarpal fractures.

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Describe key structures relevant to the management of a nail bed injury;  List key features on history and physical examination suggestive of a nail bed injury; Outline the initial management for a patient with a nail bed injury;  Discuss surgical and non-surgical options for the treatment of nail bed injuries;  Identify and describe potential complications of nail bed injuries.

At the end of this podcast, listeners should be able to: Describe an approach to a patient presenting with a digital amputation;  Describe an approach to classifying digital amputations;  List the indications and contraindications of digital replantation; State the operative sequence of a digital replantation surgery;  Recall the key points related to post-operative care.

By the end of this podcast, listeners will be able to: Explain the mechanism of injury that leads to ACL tears Recognize and identify key features in the clinical presentation and physical evaluation of patients with these type of injuries List the methods of diagnosis and treatment for ACL tears

In this video, Dr. Jonathan White from Surgery 101 discusses the concept of inclusive medicine, as well as other aspects of diversity, and physician self-care with Queensland Australian of the Year (2021), Dr. Dinesh Palipana, disability advocate, and Australia’s only quadriplegic ER doctor.

In this video, Awrad Nasralla and Armin Rouhi discuss pneumothorax, it’s pathophysiology, classification, and diagnosis of pneumothorax clinically and radiologically, and the management of pneumothorax.

Oral cavity cancers are malignant neoplasms of epithelium or minor salivary glands in the mouth. After listening to this podcast, the listener should be able to: List the signs and symptoms of oral cavity cancer, Recognize the risk factors of oral cavity cancer, Describe the recommended steps to work up a patient with oral cavity cancer and finally, List management and treatment options of oral cavity cancer.

After listening to this episode of Surgery 101, listeners will be able to: Explain the basic anatomy of the eye, including the different layers of the eye. Discuss the pathophysiology of a retinal detachment. Describe the typical clinical presentation of retinal detachments and understand when a referral to ophthalmology is appropriate. List and describe the 3 surgical options used to treat a retinal detachment.

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Describe a general approach to gun shot wounds (or GSW) in the Trauma Bay or Emergency Department. Explain the difference between low velocity and high velocity guns. Describe the pathophysiology and common patterns of injury in gunshot wounds. Identify medical and surgical management principles for GSW.

After listening to this podcast, you should be able to: Define the term “epidural hematoma” Differentiate epidural hematomas from other intracranial hemorrhages. Review the clinical presentation and diagnostic approach to patients presenting with epidural hematoma List the differential diagnosis of epidural hematoma Recognize complications of epidural hematoma and post-operative complications

After listening to this podcast, you should be able to: Define chronic pancreatitis Identify the main causes and pathophysiology behind chronic pancreatitis Identify the main presenting symptoms of chronic pancreatitis Describe the workup and investigations for chronic pancreatitis Describe the treatment plan for chronic pancreatitis, including surgical and non-surgical options  

After listening to this podcast listeners should be able to: Discuss the impact of a significant medical event on someone’s life Recognize that our actions can have an impact on a patient’s life forever Identify what inclusive medicine is and why it is important Describe the history of inclusive medicine Identify what you can do to create an inclusive profession

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Describe the basic physiology of skin grafts. List the indications for skin grafting. Explain the differences between STSG and FTSG, as well as their respective advantages/disadvantages. List the complications that can occur from skin grafting. Outline the post-operative care and expected outcomes of a patient with a recent skin graft.

Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS). After listening to this podcast, listeners will be able to: Define and recognize SBS in post-surgical patients Describe the pathophysiology of SBS List prognostic factors for SBS Describe the basis and indications for medical and surgical therapy for SBS.  

The parathyroid glands are important organs implicated in the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Due to their small size, complicated physiology and variable location they proved difficult for early clinicians and scientists to fully understand. Today, disease of the parathyroid glands is a commonly recognized endocrine disorder that is often managed surgically. By the end of this podcast, listeners will be able to:  Describe the anatomy and function of parathyroid glands  Discuss common pathophysiology involved in parathyroid disease Outline the management of parathyroid disease List complications of parathyroid surgery 

Obstructive sleep apnea or OSA is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder. Repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep causes obstructive apneas, hypopneas, and sleep fragmentation. OSA is distinguished from central sleep apnea which is attributable to an underlying neurological cause. The prevalence of OSA estimated between 1.5-4 percent and is more common in older males. In this episode, we will discuss the relevant anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical presentation as well as surgical evaluation, management, and complications.  By the end of this podcast, listeners will  be able to:  Define obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) Discuss anatomy related to OSA Discuss surgical management options for OSA List complications of surgery for OSA  

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) attempts to restore normal physiologic function of the sinuses via correction of underlying anatomical abnormalities and obstruction. The term functional refers to strategies aimed at preserving the natural drainage pathways of the sinuses. It is important to note that FESS does not cure sinonasal disease but rather facilitates the healing process by improving sinus ventilation and drainage allowing for gradual resolution of mucosal disease. Post-surgical changes also facilitate the delivery of saline and intranasal steroid medications to the paranasal sinus cavities. In this episode, we will discuss the relevant anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with a specific emphasis on functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) Learning Objectives Describe the anatomy and function of the paranasal sinuses Define functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) Define chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) List the complications of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

Hoarseness is a common complaint in primary care. It denotes a dysphonia originating from the vocal cords of the larynx. It describes any change in voice quality. It is important to remember it is a symptom of underlying pathology and not a diagnosis. In this episode, we will discuss the relevant anatomy, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of common causes of hoarseness. By the end of this podcast, listeners will be able to: Define hoarseness Explain common etiologies contributing to hoarseness List the treatment options for the common causes of hoarseness 

This is the 4th episode in a 4-part series covering complications at the time of vaginal delivery.  This episode is brought to you by Leah Rusnell a fourth-year medical student at the University of Saskatchewan in Regina. Yesterday, we discussed the delivery of twins and in this episode, we’ll look at the management of umbilical cord prolapse. After listening to this episode, listeners will be able to: List the risk factors for umbilical cord prolapse. Describe the signs of cord prolapse that should alert suspicion for the diagnosis. Outline a management plan for cord prolapse.

This is the 3rd episode of a four-part series covering complications at the time of vaginal delivery. This episode is brought to you by Leah Rusnell a fourth-year medical student at the University of Saskatchewan in Regina. The previous episodes discussed operative vagina delivery and the management of breech deliveries. This episode discusses the delivery of twins and the complications associated with them. After listening to this episode, you will be able to: 1. Identify the types of twinning based on chorionicity and amnionicity. 2. List the predisposing factors for a twin or multiple gestation pregnancy and associated risks for the mother and fetuses. 3. Outline a prenatal management plan for a twin pregnancy. 4. List the different types of presentations at the time of vaginal delivery. 5. Outline the specific considerations required at the time of labor and delivery of twins.

This is the 2nd episode in a 4-part series covering complications at the time of vaginal delivery.  This episode is brought to you by Leah Rusnell a fourth-year medical student at the University of Saskatchewan in Regina. Yesterday, we discussed operative vagina delivery and in this episode, we'll look at the management of breech deliveries. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define the types of breech presentation. List the risk factors for breech presentation. Outline the timing, indications, contraindications, and technique required to perform an external cephalic version. Describe the controversy surrounding vaginal delivery of a breech baby. List the contraindications to planned vaginal breech delivery. List the requirements that must be met during the breech labor and delivery process.

This is the 1st episode in a 4-part series covering complications at the time of vaginal delivery.  This episode is brought to you by Leah Rusnell a fourth-year medical student at the University of Saskatchewan in Regina. Today we will discuss operative vagina delivery. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: 1. Classify OVDs, also known as operative vaginal deliveries, and discuss the instrument options available to perform an OVD. 2. Identify the indications for and contraindications to an OVD. 3. Identify the fetal and maternal risks associated with OVD in comparison to a caesarean section. 4. List the pre-requisites and steps required to perform an OVD.

In this episode, we are joined by Vivian Leung,  a 3rd-year medical student from McGill University.  She will be discussing a case titled: “Chloe has a chole”, and will be reviewing the management of acute cholecystitis.  Vivian will touch upon the guidelines for antibiotic therapy, indications for urgent cholecystectomy, and the concept of risk stratification, which will serve as key information in determining whether your patient will benefit most from a surgical, versus non-surgical, management of acute cholecystitis. After listening to this podcast, students will be able to: Recall and list classification factors of uncomplicated versus complicated acute cholecystitis Recognize the importance and considerations of initiating antibiotic therapy Describe the concept of risk stratifying patients into low risk, versus high-risk surgical patients, and their subsequent clinical management

In the episode 4th-year medical student Kaishan Aravinthan from the University of Saskatchewan discusses an overview of Zenker's Diverticulum. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define the term Zenker’s Diverticulum   Identify and list the signs and symptoms of Zenker’s Diverticulum   Discuss the role of imaging in diagnosing Zenker’s Diverticulum   List and describe the various treatment options for Zenker’s Diverticulum  

In this episode 4th-year medical student Kaishan Aravinthan from the University of Saskatchewan discusses an overview of chronic rhinosinusitis. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Describe the patient presentation of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Identify the key signs and symptoms for the diagnosis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Differentiate and list the types of medical and surgical therapy options

In this episode, with the help of Dr. Scott Penner, a general surgeon practicing in Cambridge Memorial Hospital, 2nd-year medical student McMaster University student Nivedh Patro discusses an overview of hiatal hernias. After listening to this podcast, listeners should be able to: Define the different types of hiatal hernias Identify the main presenting symptoms of the different types of hiatal hernias, and distinguish emergent from non-emergent scenarios Describe the preoperative workup of hiatal hernias

In this podcast, Gaurav Talwar highlights some recent advances in the medical and surgical management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. He will build on the concepts introduced by Dr. White and Dr. Bistritz in their 2012 seven lecture series on IBD, so please be sure to listen to those podcasts as well. By the end of this podcast, you should be able to: Describe recent advances in the medical management of IBD including the mechanisms and indications of current biologics, biosimilars, and Tofacitinib, a small molecule drug. Outline recent advances in the surgical management of IBD including the impact of minimally invasive techniques and the evolving role of surgery. Explain the all-important role of multidisciplinary care for patients with IBD.

Student Yasmin Valji discusses Mediastinal Masses. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: -Describe the anatomy of the mediastinum -List the differential differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses -Describe the clinical presentation of an anterior mediastinal mass -Develop an approach to work up and treatment of mediastinal masses

Student Yasmin Valji discusses chest tube insertion and removal. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: A) List the indications for chest tube insertion B) Describe the proper positioning and insertion technique for tube thoracostomy C) List the complications of chest tube insertion D) Describe the mechanism how the chest drainage system works E) Troubleshoot improperly functioning chest tubes F) Determine when a chest tube can be removed and describe proper removal technique

The Surgery 101 Team provides some thoughts on the COVID-19 pandemic. Dr. Jonathan White, Shannon Erichsen, Michelle Lindberg, Kellie Wright-Tootoosis and Patrick Ciechanski.

In this podcast, 4th-year medical student Mandy Litt form the University of Saskatchewan will review postpartum endometritis. After listening to this podcast, you should be able to: Describe the risk factors and pathophysiology of postpartum endometritis Recognize symptoms of the condition Create a differential diagnosis for a postpartum fever and postpartum pelvic pain Construct an effective management plan

In this podcast, 4th-year medical student Mandy Litt from the University of Saskatchewan discusses Postpartum Hypertension. After listening to this podcast, you should be able to: • Describe the various forms of hypertension in pregnancy and the postpartum period • Recognize the symptoms of this condition • Create a differential diagnosis of postpartum hypertension • Discuss the treatment options

In this podcast, 4th-year medical student Mandy Litt from the University of Saskatchewan discusses Postpartum Hemorrhage. After listening to this podcast, you should be able to: • Describe the risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage • Recognize the symptoms of this condition • Create a differential diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage • Construct an effective management plan and understand methods for prevention

In this podcast, 4th-year medical student Mandy Litt from the University of Saskatchewan will review maternal physiology. After listening to this podcast, you should be able to: • Understand the basic physiology that occurs during pregnancy and the postpartum period • Be able to recognize medical issues that can arise during these periods of time

 Rebecca Afford is a 4th year medical student from the Northern Medical Program at UBC. This podcast has been created with help from Dr. Jonathan Misskey, vascular surgeon at Vancouver General Hospital.  The topic of today’s podcast will be acute limb ischemia.  By the end of this podcast, the listener should be able to: #1. Define the importance of recognizing and treating acute limb ischemia #2. Understand the pathophysiology and risk factors for acute limb ischemia #3. Identify key features on history and physical examination suggestive of acute limb ischemia  #4. Create a differential diagnosis for acute limb ischemia #5. Understand the natural history of acute limb ischemia  #6. Be aware of surgical and non-surgical options for the treatment of acute limb ischemia  and finally, #7. Identify potential complications of reperfusing a limb   

Alice Liu is a fourth year student at the University of British Columbia.  Sarah Zahabi is a fourth year medical student at McGill University.   By the end of this podcast, listeners should be able to: describe an approach to common congenital neck masses in children explain how the clinical presentation of common congenital neck masses relates to their embryologic origins outline the treatment of the most common congenital neck masses in children

In this podcast Gaurang Joshi, a first year surgical resident at the University of Illinois in Chicago Metropolitian Group Hospitals, discusses Pulmonary Embolisms and Deep Vein Thrombosis. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: ●  Understand why the detection of PE is important ●  Explain the pathophysiology of a PE ●  Describe the clinical signs and presentation of a PE ●  Recognize your Differential Diagnosis when suspecting a PE ●  Know the treatment options

This week’s episode is brought to you by medical student, Megan Spafford from the University of Saskatchewan, who will be discussing how to approach and acute abdomen. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Define the term "acute abdomen " Review the clinical presentation and diagnostic approach to patients presenting with acute abdominal pain Discuss critical aspects that may influence the management and timing of management of patients with an acute abdomen. List the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain Develop an appropriate plan for the management of patients with acute abdominal pain

This weeks episode is brought to us by Jeyanth Inkaran a medical student at McMaster’s medical school. Jeyanth will discuss the neurosurgical wonder of intracranial vascular malformations  Learning objectives are as follows: What are the categories of vascular malformations and how do they typically present? What are the treatment options and potential consequences? How do you choose an ideal treatment? What imaging tools are useful for diagnosis?

This is the 2nd episode in a 2-part series on dealing with trauma.  This episode is brought to you by Tiffany Paradis, a 4th year medical student at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. Today we will discuss how to manage a patient who has undergone a trauma.  In the last episode, we looked at initial assessment and resuscitation, and in this episode we'll look at the management of hemorrhage. By the end of this podcast you should be able to: Identify the two types of hemorrhage Provide three methods to control external hemorrhage Define the FAST exam, why it is performed, and the regions examined List the six locations of life threatening bleeding Define the difference between exploratory and damage control laparotomy

This is the 1st episode in a 2-part series on dealing with trauma.  This episode is brought to you by Tiffany Paradis, a 4th year medical student at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. Today we will discuss how to manage a patient who has undergone a trauma.  In this episode, we'll look at initial assessment and resuscitation, and in next week's episode we'll look at the management of hemorrhage. By the end of this podcast you should be able to: List the four main types of shock Describe how hemorrhagic shock is classified Describe the steps to the primary survey List the three main classes of intravenous fluids What is the deadly triad

Will Dr. Anderson choose the blue soup? Join the Surgery 101 team as we start our adventure examining health systems. Can you handle the truth? What is Dr. Anderson willing to risk to take a closer look at the system? Interested in what happens next? Please leave us a comment.

This is the 3rd and final episode in a 3-part series on global surgery, brought to you by Betty Yibrehu, a 3rd year medical student at The George Washington University in Washington, D.C.. Today we will discuss how medical students can get involved in global surgery and some ethical considerations. By the end of this podcast you should be able to: Identify global surgery opportunities for Canadian medical students. Discuss key ethical concerns in global surgery. Discuss strategies to mitigate ethical concerns.

This episode of Surgery 101 is the 2nd in a 3-part series about global surgery, and is brought to you by Betty Yibrehu, a 3rd year medical student at The George Washington University in Washington, D.C.. By the end of this podcast you should be able to: Understand what a National Surgical Obstetric and Anesthesia Plan (NSOAP) is. Describe the process of developing a NSOAP. Understand the importance of data collection in global surgery. 
 Define capacity building and its role in global surgery.

In this episode of Surgery 101 Betty Yibrehu, a 3rd year medical student at The George Washington University in Washington, D.C., will discuss global surgery.  By the end of this podcast you should be able to:  Define what global surgery is. Describe the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery. Define the 2030 global surgery goals. 

In this video University of Saskatchewan medical student, Kate Elliott, discusses the complication associated with catheters and useful catheter skills.

In this video University of Saskatchewan medical student, Kate Elliott, discusses Catheterization and Catheter Care.

In this video University of Saskatchewan medical student, Kate Elliott, gives an introduction to Urinary Catheters. 

In this video University of Saskatchewan medical student, Kate Elliott, discusses urinary diversions and other bladder augmentation

In this video, with the help of Dr. Kristin Black, a resident from the University of Alberta, 4th year medical student Julia Boucher discusses an approach to shoulder dystocia. Shoulder dystocia is a complication that can occur during a vaginal delivery. It is an obstetrical emergency. Shoulder dystocia occurs when, after delivery of the fetal head, additional obstetrical maneuvers are required to deliver the fetal shoulders. It occurs in approximately 1% of births.

In this episode, with the help of Dr. Hyakutake, a gynecologist from the University of Alberta, 4th year medical student Julia Boucher discusses an overview of ovarian cancer. After listening to this episode, learners should to be able to: Understand the basic pathophysiology and types of ovarian cancer. Recognize the risk factors and clinical presentation of ovarian cancer. Understand the work-up and diagnosis of ovarian cancer.  

In this episode, with the help of Dr. Hyakutake, a gynecologist from the University of Alberta, 4th year University of Ottawa medical student Julia Boucher discusses the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, staging and treatment of cervical cancer. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Recognize the common clinical presentation of cervical cancer. Understand the differential diagnosis of cervical cancer. Understand the basics of cervix cancer staging and treatment options.

In this week's episode University of Ottawa medical student, Julia Boucher, will be talking about cervical dysplasia. This is the first in a two part series on cervical cancer. She will begin by introducing the topic, why it is important, discuss the pathophysiology of cervical dysplasia. Then describe the risk factors and screening and prevention methods. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Recognize the risk factors for cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer. Understand the basic pathophysiology and screening tests for cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer.

Surgery 101 has been around for a decade! We reached out to our former summer students to hear about the highlights of their time here. Thank-you to everyone who has contributed to our project over the last 10 years.

This week’s episode is brought to you by medical student, Randolph Tulsie, and he will discuss Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU). After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Define Diabetic Foot Ulcers Explain the relevant Pathophysiology Review a Clinical Picture State how it’s diagnosed and Speak on its Management

This week’s episode is from final year University of Calgary medical student, Uzair Jogiat. He will be discussing the presentation and management of portal hypertension. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: List the signs and symptoms of portal hypertension Write orders for the initial management of a patient presenting with hematemesis Order investigations for a patient presenting with portal hypertension Outline the long term management of portal hypertension

This week University of Calgary medical student, Uzair Jogiat discusses portal hypertension. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Describe the basic pathophysiology of portal hypertension. Outline the anatomy of the portal venous system. Explain the concept of porto-systemic collateralization and list six sites of collateralization. Explain why portal hypertension occurs.

This weeks’ episode is brought to you by McMaster medical student Tyler McKechnie. medical student at McMaster University. He will be discussing lower gastrointestinal bleeding. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Explain the pathophysiology of lower GI bleeds Review the importance of correctly identifying lower GI bleeds Outline clinical presentation List the differential diagnosis Describe possible investigations Review treatment options

This week’s podcast is brought to you by McMaster medical student Tyler Mckechnie. This is one of two that will discuss the topic of gastrointestinal bleeding. In this podcast, we will address upper GI bleeds, while next podcast we will address lower GI bleeds. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Describe the relevant pathophysiology Explain the importance of correctly identifying upper GI bleeds Review the clinical presentation List possible differential diagnosis Understand possible investigations and treatment options

This week we are joined by 2nd and 3rd year University of Ottawa medical students, Aneesh Karir and Minh Huynh, who will be discussing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. After this podcast, you will be able to: Describe the anatomy of the carpal tunnel Explain the pathophysiology and list common risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome Describe the typical clinical presentation of carpal tunnel syndrome Outline the diagnosis and management of the patient with carpal tunnel syndrome.

In this episode McMaster Medical student, Alick Wang, discusses intracranial or cerebral aneurysms. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Describe what they are and why they are important; Review the relevant pathophysiology; Explain how it’s diagnosed, and whether or not to treat; Go over treatment options Understand the prognosis and complications

In this podcast McGill medical student, Kevin Gorsky, will discuss the topic of Failed Intubation. After Listening to this podcast, the listener should be able to: Describe how to initially approach these emergency situations safely Be able to think through an algorithm of plans and contingencies with the goal of safely achieving an airway to provide ventilation in critical situations

In this podcast McGill medical student, Kevin Gorsky, will discuss the topic of the Difficult Airway. After Listening to this podcast, the listener should be able to: Understand when a patient is considered to have a difficult airway Describe how to initially approach these emergency situations safely

In this special episode of the Surgery 101 Jenni Marshall, program assistant in digital education, shares a preview of our new kids podcast Surgery ABCs. This podcast was started to help teach kids about the human body and different healthcare careers they may encounter. This episode is called “What happens if I break a bone?” and we will be explaining not what happens when you break a bone and the Dr. who helps fix it. You can find Surgery ABCs on iTunes, Spotify, Google Play, Libsyn, and our website.

In this episode Luckshi Rajendran, a visiting medical student from the University of British Columbia, will discuss Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return. By the end of the podcast you should be able to: Define total anomalous pulmonary venous return as a cause of cyanotic heart disease Understand the embryology and pathophysiology of the disease Outline the clinical presentation Describe currently available management strategies

Today's episode will be the fourth of a pediatric cardiovascular surgery podcast series overviewing cyanotic congenital heart defects, brought to you by Luckshi Rajendran, a visiting medical student from the University of British Columbia. The topic of today's podcast is tetralogy of fallot. By the end of the podcast you should be able to: Define tetralogy of fallot as a cause of cyanotic heart disease Understand the embryology and pathophysiology of the disease Outline the clinical presentation Describe currently available management strategies

Today’s episode will be the third of a pediatric cardiovascular surgery podcast series overviewing cyanotic congenital heart defects, brought to you by Luckshi Rajendran, a visiting medical student from the University of British Columbia. The topic of today’s podcast is tricuspid valve atresia. By the end of the podcast you should be able to: Define tricuspid valve atresia as a cause of cyanotic heart disease Understand the embryology and pathophysiology of the disease Outline the clinical presentation Describe currently available management strategies

Today's episode will be the second of a pediatric cardiovascular surgery podcast series overviewing cyanotic congenital heart defects, brought to you by Luckshi Rajendran, a visiting medical student from the University of British Columbia. The topic of today's podcast is transposition of the great arteries. By the end of the podcast you should be able to: define transposition of the great arteries as a cause of cyanotic heart disease Understand the embryology and pathophysiology of the disease Outline the clinical presentation Describe currently available management strategies

Today’s episode will be the first of a pediatric cardiovascular surgery podcast series overviewing cyanotic congenital heart defects, brought to you by Luckshi Rajendran, a visiting medical student from the University of British Columbia. By the end of the podcast you should be able to: Define truncus arteriosus as a cause of cyanotic heart disease Understand the embryology and pathophysiology of truncus arteriosus Outline the clinical presentation Describe currently available management strategies

In this episode Cindy Gilmore, a Physician Assistant (PA) from the General Surgery service at the Misericordia Community Hospital in Edmonton will give an overview of what Physician Assistants are and how they assist with not only the General Surgery department but various other subspecialties. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Define what a Physician Assistant (PA) is Review the roles of a PA Explain how PAs are trained and where they are employed Discuss how many PAs are in Canada Describe how PAs are regulate in Canada

This video takes you through a patient's journey in the healthcare system on their way to surgery. Including pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative care; highlighting all the people they meet on their journey.

In this episode, with the help of Dr. Jimenez, a Gynecologic Oncologist from the Juravinski Cancer Centre, 3rd year McMaster medical student Emma Herrington discusses an overview of, and approach to, endometrial cancer. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Have a general approach for classifying the different histopathologies of endometrial cancer Develop an overall framework of staging Relate staging to treatment options

In this episode, with the help of Dr. Jimenez, a Gynecologic Oncologist from the Juravinski Cancer Centre, 3rd year McMaster medical student Emma Herrington discusses an overview of, and approach to, endometrial cancer. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Recognize the common clinical presentation of endometrial cancer; Understand how to diagnose endometrial cancer;

In this podcast University of Alberta 3rd year medical student, Katie Girgulis, will discuss the topic of Scoliosis in the pediatric population. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Understand how to recognize and diagnose scoliosis in pediatric patients List categories for the etiology of scoliosis and provide some examples List key elements of a history and physical exam to identify the likely etiology of a patient’s scoliosis Understand appropriate investigations and follow-up for patients with scoliosis Recognize red flag features and know when to refer

In this episode medical student Alick Wang will discuss Spina Bifida. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Define Spina Bifida and understand it’s importance Discuss the relevant pathophysiology; Explain how it’s diagnosed, and whether or not to treat; Review treatment options Understand the prognosis and complications

A sequel to "The Prisoner of the Gallbladder", something even has returned to the abdomen! This time, it is Harry the Hernia stirring up trouble for Carmine the Small Intestine. Luckily, her older brother, Chris Pine the Large Intestine is here to help! Can Carmine and Chris work together to thwart the sly hernia, Harry?

In this episode of Surgery 101 final year McMaster medical student, Julie La, will discuss the complications associated with Bariatric Surgery. By the end of this podcast you should be able to: List some common complications of the various bariatric surgeries Discuss diagnosis and management of these complications

In this episode of Surgery 101 final year McMaster medical student, Julie La, will discuss the Flow of a Bariatric Patient. By the end of this episode you should be able to: Understand the process required to get a patient to the point of having bariatric surgery.

PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Surgical Management of Obesity.

In this episode of Surgery 101 final year McMaster medical student, Julie La, will discuss surgical management of obesity. By the end of this episode, you should be able to: Describe various types of bariatric surgery including adjustable gastric band, sleeve gastrectomy, roux-en-y gastric bypass and duodenal switch.

In this episode of Surgery 101 final year McMaster medical student, Julie La, will discuss medical management of obesity. By the end of this episode, you should be able to: Describe medical management options for weight loss.

In this episode of Surgery 101 final year McMaster medical student, Julie La, will discuss obesity. By the end of this podcast you should be able to: Define what is obesity. Describe the most recent epidemiology of obesity globally and in Canada. Calculate body mass index and define the terms overweight, obesity and severe obesity. Review the pathophysiology of obesity and its comorbidities.

In this podcast Dr. Ryan Snelgrove, General at the University of Alberta discusses Stomas. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Explain the difference between a loop and an end enterostomy recognize an ileostomy and a colostomy

  In this podcast Dr. Ryan Snelgrove, a General Surgeon at the University of Alberta, discussed complication of Segmental Colectomy. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Discuss possible complications of a segmental colectomy

In this podcast Dr. Ryan Snelgrove, a General Surgeon at the University of Alberta, discusses the Digital Rectal Exam and Perianal Abscesses. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Explain why this topic is important Discuss proper technique for a digital rectal exam Review symptoms associated with a perianal abscess Understand treatment of a perianal abscess

In this podcast Dr. Leah Gramlich, a gastroenterologist from the University of Alberta, will discuss weight loss. Weight loss is a common problem seen by generalists. Patients who are overweight or obese may intentionally lose weight to improve their health. However, progressive unintentional (involuntary) weight loss often indicates a serious medical or psychiatric illness. This podcast will discuss the approach to unintentional weight loss in the adult patient. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Describe significant weight loss Discuss the impact of unintentional weight loss Discuss the etiology of unintentional weight loss Describe an approach to unexplained weight loss

In this podcast Dr. Leah Gramlich, a gastroenterologist at the University of Alberta, discusses nutrition in patients. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Describe why (mal)nutrition is important in your patients Describe dietary components, guidelines and food considerations in hospitalized patients Describe strategies to enhance food intake in hospitalized surgery patients Discuss alternatives to oral diet – rationale, routes Describe Enteral Nutrition- indications, contraindications, complications Describe Parenteral Nutrition – indications, contraindications, complications

In this podcast General Surgeon, Dr. Mike McCall, will review Jaundice. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Understand the most likely causes Explain diagnosis and management Form a differential diagnosis

In this podcast, Dr. Mike McCall, a General Surgeon at the University of Alberta will discuss Cholangitis. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Describe the presentation of Cholangitis Review treatment and management options of Cholangitis

In this podcast General Surgeon, Dr. Michael McCall, is going to discuss the Cholecystectomies. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Explain the procedure to a patient Discuss the risks and possible complications

In this podcast General Surgeon, Dr. Michael McCall, will review some common causes of RUQ pain as it relates to the biliary system. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Describe the presentation of Biliary Colic and Cholecystitis Review differential diagnosis and diagnostics Understand treatment of both Biliary Colic and Cholecystitis

This episode of Surgery 101, 4th year medical student Nikytha Antony, discusses Cesarean sections. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Recognize the indications, contraindications and complications of cesarean sections Discuss the types of incisions and procedure involved Describe post-op care

This episode of Surgery 101, 4th year medical student Nikytha Antony, discusses Endometriosis. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of endometriosis Recognize the symptoms that might be present on initial presentation Discuss the differential and diagnosis of endometriosis Discuss treatment options

In this episode of Surgery 101, 3rd year medical student, Mieke Heyns will discuss Breast reduction surgery. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Discuss the definition of hypermastia Understand the etiology of hypermastia Explain the presentation of hypermastia Describe some of the surgical techniques and management Review complications of hypermastia

In this episode Dr. Rourke, a Urologist at the University of Alberta, discusses Scrotal Swelling.   After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Construct a classification system for scrotal swelling Discuss the conditions of varicocele, hydrocele, spermatocele, and testicular cancar Describe the distinguishing features of a malignant versus a benign mass

In this podcast Dr. Keith Rourke, a Urologist at the University of Alberta, discusses Acute Testicular Pain. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Describe and define the common causes of scrotal pain and the unique clinical presentations Understand treatment options for acute orchitis, acute epididymitis, and testicular torsion Explain the pathogenesis of testicular torsion and recognize the need for urgent management of this condition List the differential diagnosis for scrotal pain  

In this episode we are joined by 4th year McGill Medical student, Jenny Moon. Jenny will be discussing the topic of surgical outcomes in the elderly population. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Know the importance of understanding aging in the surgical population Review the pathophysiology of aging Understand frailty in terms of the definition, ways to measure, relevance in clinical settings, and how to use the concept to improve surgical care in the elderly

In this episode Jennifer He, a 4th year McGill medical student, is going to talk about intestinal malrotation. This condition is very important to know about because it can present in a variety of ways, and early diagnosis of the condition can prompt early management, which has a big impact on the prognosis of the condition. The incidence of malrotation has been estimated at 1 in 6000 live births. Associated anomalies are common; the anomalies with the highest incidence include intestinal atresia, imperforate anus, cardiac anomalies and trisomy 21. After listening to this podcast, you should be able to: Understand the embryology behind malrotation Explain the clinical presentation and management Appreciate the subtleties in the clinical presentation of older patients

This video is a Parody of Amy Winehouse's song "Rehab" and uses changed lyrics to share the benefits of open education and open access. We hope you enjoy watching it! Open educational resources (OER) are freely accessible, openly licensed text, media, and other digital assets that are useful for teaching, learning, and assessing as well as for research purposes. There is no universal usage of open file formats in OER. (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

In this episode 4th year McGill medical Student, Jennifer He, discusses Inguinal Hernias. After listening to this podcast, you should be able to: Explain the anatomy of inguinal hernias Present the clinical presentation And finally, understand the treatment for inguinal hernias

In this episode 4th year McGill medical Student, Jennifer He, discusses Umbilical and other Abdominal Wall Hernias. After listening to this podcast, you should be able to: Explain the clinical presentation and treatment for umbilical hernias Define epigastric hernias

In this episode 4th year McGill medical Student, Jennifer He, discusses Meckel’s Diverticulum. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Define Meckel's diverticulum. Describe the clinic presentation of the disease and its differential diagnoses. Explain the treatment options for the condition.

In this episode Jennifer He, a 4th year medical student from McGill University, discusses Omphalocele. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Define omphalocele. Understand its pathophysiology. Discuss the clinical presentation and the treatment for the condition.

In this episode 4th year McGill medical Student, Jennifer He, discusses Gastroschisis. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Define gastroschisis. Understand how gastroschisis presents. Explain the differential diagnosis for gastroschisis. Review treatment options for this condition.

In this episode Chong Li, MS4 from Jacob’s School of Medicine and Biomedical Science of University at Buffalo, will discuss Chronic Venous Insufficiency. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Understand why CVI is important and how to identify and distinguish from other vascular diseases Explain the pathophysiology and classification of Chronic Venous Insufficiency Describe the typical clinical presentation of CVI Recognize the differential diagnoses and know the treatment options

In this podcast Cardiac Surgeon, Dr. Steven Meyer discusses Valvular Heart Disease. After listening to this podcast you will be able to: Define Valvular Heart Disease Discuss history and physical examination Review investigations Understand when a referral is necessary

This video on Morbidity and Mortality (M&M) features a medical student learning about what M&M ACTUALLY is from Dr. McBurney. No, doctors are not like superheroes. No, M&M is not the rapper Eminem, and no it's also not the chocolate candies either. Find our headquarters at: http://surgery101.org Learning Surgery in the 21st century! Join the Surgery 101 Family: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/surgery101podcast Twitter: https://twitter.com/surgery_101 Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/surgery101YEG Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/surgery101 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/surgery.101/

In this podcast Dr. Steven Meyer, Cardiac Surgeon at the University of Alberta reviews how to classify Angina and Heart Failure. After listening to this podcast you will be to: Classify Heart failure Classify Angina

In this podcast Dr. Steven Meyer, Cardiac Surgery at the University of Alberta discusses Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. After listening to this podcast you will be able to: Define Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Discuss the basics of the procedure Review complications and how to break them up into early and late

Gary the Gallstone’s day starts off badly when he learns that he can’t leave the gallbladder on his own terms. What will happen when the Gallbladder, Liver and the Pancreas try to talk him out of his adventurous thoughts?

This week we are joined by Jazmin Valji, a medical student from the University of Alberta, who will be discussing Empyema. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: discuss the etiology describe the clinical presentation review the clinical presentation and physical exam comprehend diagnosis and investigations understand the initial work up and treatment options

In this episode, Dr. Bryce Laing, a Thoracic Surgeon at the University of Alberta reviews the topic of Hemothorax. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Define Hemothorax and discuss its physiology Identify complications associated with a Hemothorax List Differential Diagnosis Understand presentation, and what information is important when taking a history and preforming a physical exam Discuss different investigations Review Management of a Hemothorax

In this episode, Dr. Dan O’Connell, an Otolaryngologist – Head and Neck surgeon form the University of Alberta reviews the topic of Deep Neck Space Infections. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Understand the anatomy Discuss the physiology and pathophysiology   Identify management options Understand complications associated with deep neck space infections

In this episode, Dr. Dan O’Connell, an Otolaryngologist – Head and Neck surgeon form the University of Alberta discusses Tonsillectomies. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to:  Understand the important functions of the tonsil Discuss indications for tonsillectomy Identify post operative management options Understand complications associated with a tonsillectomy

This video on CBME features a panel discussing the new way of teaching medicine that the Royal College is introducing in Canada for residency programs. The panel features Dr. McBurney, Dr. Payne, and Dr. Styles and is facilitated by MedEd enthusiast Olivia.

In these Otalaryngology Head and Neck Surgery videos, Dr. Kal Ansari, will guide you through a complete examination of the head and neck. After watching these videos you should be able to: Explain the inspection and palpation of the head and neck Identify the steps in a nasopharyngoscopy Understand the complete ear and nose exam Discuss the oral exam Review the cranial nerve exam    

In this episode Dr. Jessica Clark, An Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery resident at the University of Alberta, will be discussing head and neck cancer. After listening to this podcast you could be able to: discuss the relevant anatomy describe the risk factors review the clinical presentations briefly discuss the initial work up and treatment options

In this podcast, Dr. Andrew Nataraj, a Neurosurgeon at the University of Alberta will describe an approach to the diagnosis and management of spinal tumors. After listening to this podcast you will be able to: Use clinical features and severity of back pain to differentiate between back pain and degenerative disease and that of a tumor. Consider investigations, including when and how each test would be considered. Discuss the indications for surgery or radiation therapy. Understand the differences between metatastic tumors and primary tumors, and why it is important to comprehend.

In today’s Podcast, Dr. Tejas Sankar, Neurosurgeon at the University of Alberta, is going to discuss one of the most important topics in neurosurgery, adult brain tumors. After listening to this podcast you will be able to: Discuss the typical signs and symptoms that we see in patients suffering from brain tumors. These are important because they are often shared in common with other neurological conditions, and recognizing them promptly can lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment. Understand how to confirm the diagnosis of a brain tumor. Talk about a general approach to classifying brain tumors. This is important in helping to sort through the very large number of different brain tumor types. Broadly discuss how adult brain tumors are treated, and what some of the expected outcomes are.

In this episode, University of Alberta Neurosurgeon, Dr. Andrew Nataraj, will review the clinical presentation and approach to management of acute disc herniations in the spine. After listening to this podcast you will be able to: Know the importance of managing an acute disc prolapse Discuss the basic approach to acute disc prolapse, including imaging and referral to surgery Explain the differential diagnosis of the abrupt onset of a Neurological Deficit Describe what Cauda equina syndrome is and how common it occurs Understand management of Cauda equina syndrome Describe differential diagnosis for acute neurological syndromes Review lateral disc herniations

In this episode, Dr. Michael Chow, a Neurosurgeon at the University of Alberta discusses severe head injuries. Head injury is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and represents roughly 9% of all trauma admissions in Canada.  Roughly 8% of all head injury admissions will go on to die.  In this podcast, After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Review the classification of a head injury Discuss the presentation Identify causes of head injuries Understand management of head injuries

In this podcast Dr. Adil Ladak, a Plastic Surgeon at the University of Alberta, discusses Hand Injuries. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Classify hand injuries

In this episode, Dr. Paul Schembri, a plastic surgeon from the University of Alberta discussed Flexor Tenosynovitis. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Understand the importance of the topic Discuss the Pathophysiology Recognize the clinical presentation Identify the differential diagnosis Discuss treatment and complications

In this video Dr. James Wolfli, a plastic surgeon at the University of Alberta, demonstrates how to give a complete physical examination of the face. After watching this video you should be able to: understand how to rule our head/spinal injuries describe facial inspections comprehend facial sensation in regard to injuries test vision during a facial examination check the occlusion perform facial palpation examine the head from a different perspective

In this episode, Dr. Paul Schembri, a plastic surgeon from the University of Alberta explains Necrotizing Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Understand the importance of the topic Discuss the Pathophysiology Recognize the clinical presentation Identify the differential diagnosis Discuss treatment and management options

In this video Dr. James Wolfli, a plastic surgeon at the University of Alberta, demonstrates how to give a complete physical examination of the hand. After watching this video you should be able to: test vascularity of the hand perform a sensation exam of the hand demonstrate how to examine the motor function of the hand

In this episode of Surgery 101 we are joined by Dr. James Wolfli, a Plastic Surgeon from the University of Alberta, who will be discussing Wounds and Dressings. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Discuss wound classification Review tissue and patient status Explain the decision tree including primary closure, debridement, and dressings Understand particular wound examples

In this video Dr. Aleem Lalani, an orthopedic surgeon at the University of Alberta discusses how to read an x-ray. After watching this video you should be able to: Understand how to read an x-ray

In this episode, Dr. Colleen Weeks, an Orthopedic Surgery Fellow at the University of Alberta, discusses Lower Extremity Injuries. After listening to this podcast you should be able to:  Understand the presentation and pathophysiology of these 3 common lower extremity injuries Discuss the imaging and differential diagnosis for all 3 injuries Explain treatment options for Hip Fractures, Femur Fractures, and Tibia/Fibula Fractures

In this video Dr. Aleem Lalani, an Orthopedic surgeon at the University of Alberta, demonstrates how to give a complete physical examination of the spine. After watching this video you should be able to: Look for any abnormalities in the spine Palpate the spine for any causes of pain for discomfort Understand the range of motion tests on the spine Perform a neurologic exam of the spine Complete special tests for further investigation

In this episode, Dr. Colleen Weeks, an Orthopedic Surgery Fellow at the University of Alberta, discusses Upper Extremity Fractures. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Understand the presentation and pathophysiology of these 3 common upper extremity fractures Discuss the imaging and differential diagnosis for all 3 fractures Explain treatment options for Distal Radius Fractures, Scaphoid Fractures, and Distal Radius Fractures

In this episode, Dr. Colleen Weeks, an Orthopedic Surgery Fellow at the University of Alberta, discusses Lower Extremity Osteoarthritis. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Understand it’s importance, and prevalence Discuss the pathophysiology and typical clinical presentation Explain how to perform a complete history and physical examination List the common differential diagnosis and tests to confirm Osteoarthritis Review the treatment options and complications

In this video Dr. Aleem Lalani, an Orthopedic surgeon at the University of Alberta, demonstrates how to give a complete physical examination of the knees. After watching this video you should be able to: Understand how to visually inspect the knees Review the palpation of the knee Perform the ROM and strength tests of the knees Discuss special tests to perform on the knee joint

In this podcast Dr. Aleem Lalani, and Orthopedic Surgeon at the university of Alberta discusses Fracture Healing. Although most fractures tend to heal uneventfully, there are complications that can occur in some patients.  Common complications of fracture healing include: Acute compartment syndrome Infection Malunion Nonunion Deep vein thrombosis Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

In this video Dr. Aleem Lalani, an Orthopedic surgeon at the University of Alberta, demonstrates how to give a complete physical examination of the shoulder. After watching this video you should be able to: Understand how to visually inspect the shoulder joint Review the palpation of the shoulder Perform the ROM and strength tests of the shoulders Discuss special tests to perform on the shoulder joint

In this podcast Dr. Aleem Lalani, an orthopedic surgeon at the University of Alberta, discusses assessing a painful joint. After listening to this podcast you will be able to: Understand why it is important to thoroughly evaluate the acutely painful major joint Perform a complete history and physical examination of the joint Discuss investigations and which findings lead to which diagnosis

In this video Dr. Aleem Lalani, an Orthopedic surgeon at the University of Alberta, demonstrates how to give a complete physical examination of the hips. After watching this video you should be able to: Understand how to inspect the hip joints Review the palpation of the hip joints Perform the ROM and strength tests of the hips

In this podcast, Dr. Heather Cox, a Vascular Surgeon at the Grey Nuns Hospital in Edmonton, discusses developing an approach to the patients with chronic limb ischemia. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Define chronic limb ischemia Understand the clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches to patients with suspected chronic limb ischemia Describe the medical and surgical management of chronic limb ischemia.

In this video Vascular Surgeon, Dr. Heather Cox, shows you how to give a complete physical examination of the Peripheral Pulses.  After watching this video you should be able to: Have a basic understand of how to examine the peripheral pulses Understand how to calculate the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)

In this episode with the help of Dr. Kelly Dabbs, UAlberta General Surgeon, 4th year medical student Lisa Bacque discusses breast reconstruction. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to:  Understand that not all patients want or need reconstruction Describe the different options for reconstruction of the breast Explain nipple reconstruction Discuss what is involved in the process of Oncoplastics

In this episode with the help of Dr. Kelly Dabbs, UAlberta General Surgeon, 4th year medical student Lisa Bacque discusses Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Define Sentinel Node. Describe how to mark and find the Node Understand the rationalization and indications for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

In this episode with the help of Dr. Kelly Dabbs, UAlberta General Surgeon, 4th year medical student Lisa Bacque discusses ductal and lobular carcinoma. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Understand the pathophysiology and risk factors for both DCIS and LCIS Describe the diagnosis of DCIS and LCIS Review treatment options for both conditions Explain the risk of progression for DCIS

In this episode with the help of Dr. Kelly Dabbs, UAlberta General Surgeon, 4th year medical student Lisa Bacque discusses Breast Cancer Staging and Management. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Understand what tests to order for your patient. Describe Metastatic and TMN staging Review treatment options for Breast Cancer.

In this episode with the help of Dr. Kelly Dabbs, UAlberta General Surgeon, 4th year medical student Lisa Bacque discusses how to approach a breast lump. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Understand how to take a complete history and physical exam of the breast Differentiate Benign and Malignant breast lumps Understand the proper guidelines for screening breast cancer

In this episode with the help of Dr. Bryan Dicken, Pediatric General Surgeon, 4th year medical student Alessia Gallipoli discusses the most common renal tumor in childhood – Wilms Tumour. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: 1. Define what a Wilms tumor is and why it is an important diagnosis to make in children 2. Recognize some of the common ways Wilms Tumours present 3. Explain how the diagnosis is made 4. Explain the treatment options and prognosis for children with a Wilms Tumor

In this episode with the help of Dr. Bryan Dicken, Pediatric General Surgeon, 4th year medical student Alessia Gallipoli discusses pediatric neck masses and some ways to approach this very broad differential diagnosis. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Identify the three major categories pediatric neck masses Be able to use a stepwise approach to narrow down your differential diagnosis Know common causes of neck masses from each category Be familiar with some treatment options for each type of neck mass

In this episode with the help of Dr. Bryan Dicken, Pediatric General Surgeon, 4th year medical student Alessia Gallipoli discusses intussusception, an important cause of bowel obstruction in young children. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Define intussusception Be able to recognize the signs and symptoms in a patient you think might have intussusception Identify some key features to help differentiate intussusception from other causes of bowel obstruction Be familiar with the diagnostic and treatment options

In this episode with the help of Dr. Bryan Dicken, Pediatric General Surgeon, 4th year medical student Alessia Gallipoli discusses Hirschsprung’s disease, a condition affecting the large bowel that causes difficulty in passing stool and can lead to obstructive symptoms, most commonly in young infants. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Define Hirschsprung’s Disease and understand why it is important to pick up in a pediatric patient. Be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of Hirschsprung’s Disease Know the diagnostic features of the disease and what tests to order Be familiar with the treatment of Hirschsprung's Disease  

In this episode with the help of Dr. Bryan Dicken, Pediatric General Surgeon, 4th year medical student Alessia Gallipoli discusses one of the most common indications for emergency surgery in a young person – acute appendicitis. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Define appendicitis and understand its importance in the pediatric population Recognize some of the challenges in diagnosing appendicitis in kids Understand the risk of not diagnosing appendicitis quickly Describe the common treatment options for appendicitis

In this Surgery 101 video episode, 4th year medical student Alessia Gallipoli provides an introduction to the broad differential diagnosis of bowel obstruction in pediatric patients. After listening to this episode, you should be able to: 1. Describe the assessment of the child with intestinal obstruction 2. List the common causes of intestinal obstruction in the child 3. Develop an approach to narrowing down your diagnosis

In this episode Marie Gojmerac, medical student at the University of Alberta discusses ethics. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Define Ethics Understand how ethics come into play in surgery Discuss the ethical tool kit and how to use it through a real case

In this video a senior LEGO resident gives a junior resident some tips for giving feedback to students to help them improve.

In this episode, 4th year medical student at the University of Alberta, Mark Rockley talks about post-operative orders.  Although this topic is important for any surgical team member, this podcast will be tailored for medical students. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Discuss the importance of prudent post-operative orders. Describe the core components of post-operative orders that should be considered after every operation

In this episode Susie Youn, a medical student at the University of Alberta, will discuss acute mesenteric ischemia.  After listening to this episode you should be able to: Describe the pathophysiology of this condition Understand the presentation of acute mesenteric ischemia Explain the work-up Review the management of acute mesenteric ischemia

In this episode, 4th year medical student, Allison Edwards guides of through a complete Head and Neck examination. A complete head and neck exam is an important skill for any physician to master. While family doctors, pediatricians, emergency physicians and otolaryngologists will use this skill the most, you never know when a family member is going to ask you “oh, and can you look in my ear?” All joking aside, a large majority of visits presenting to a primary care office consist of ear nose and throat complaints. Whether it is a runny nose, sore throat or ear pain, a complete head and neck exam is often needed to fully assess these concerns. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Discuss the important elements of the head and neck exam including examination of the ear, nose, oral cavity, cranial nerves and neck. Describe important equipment required for a head and neck exam. Explain important components of nasolaryngoscopy.

In this episode Nikytha Antony, Medical Student from the University of Alberta (in collaboration with Pediatric Surgeon Dr. Bryan Dicken) discusses Pectus Deformities. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Define pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum Describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of pectus deformities Recognize the symptoms that might be present on initial presentation Discuss treatment options  

In this episode we are joined by Dr. Aya Musbahi, a General Surgery trainee from Newcastle, United Kingdom, who will be talking about about the use of wound vacuums and negative pressure wound therapy. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Define negative pressure wound therapy Understand how negative pressure wound therapy works Describe clinical applications Explain indications and contraindications.

In this episode 4th year medical student at the University of Alberta, Michael Goplen, discusses septic arthritis. After listening to this podcast you should be able to: Describe the presentation of septic arthritis Understand the etiology Explain a complete physical exam and history of suspected septic arthritis Recognize the diagnosis and management

Another project we've been working on at Surgery 101 is Virtual Patients! These are interactive cases for medical students to practice on. This one is a patient with Abdominal Cramps! For the Surgery 101 app, use 'Episode Links' (the 'e' button) to access!

This week we are joined by Dr. Keith Rourke, a Urologist at the University of Alberta, who will be discussing the Vasectomy. After this podcast you will be able to: Describe the reasons a patient would want a vasectomy Know who should get a vasectomy Review common myths Understand the procedure and follow-up Comprehend the complications of a vasectomy

In this episode of Surgery 101 Dr. Keith Rourke, a Urologist at the University of Alberta, discusses urinary catheterization. After watching this video you should be able to: - Understand what a catheter is - Know why people need catheters - Define the urethra - Describe proper catheterization techniques - Explain the different types of catheters and their uses - Troubleshoot difficult scenarios

In this episode of Surgery 101 Dr. Trevor Schuler, a Urologist at the University of Alberta, demonstrates how to give a complete examination of the scrotum, including the: - Set-up - Inspection - Palpation - Ausculation - Transillumination - Common findings For more videos and podcasts visit Surgery101.org

In this video a LEGO resident explains the importance of teaching medical students and how easy it is to start teaching.

This week we are joined by 4th year University of Ottawa student Zuhaib Mir who will be discussing Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis. This podcast was created as a collaborative effort between Surgery101, LearnENT, and the Canadian Society of Otolarygology-Head & Neck Surgery as part of a special series of topics on primary care otolaryngology. After this podcast you will be able to: Understand the importance of the topic Define Acute bacterial Rhinosinusitis and discuss the relevant anatomy Describe the risk factors associated Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis Recommend treatment for ABRS, including complications and when you should refer to OHNS

This week we are joined by 4th year University of Ottawa student Zuhaib Mir who will be discussing Otitis Externa. After this podcast you will be able to: Discuss the relevant anatomy and pathophysiology of Otitis Externa Understand the risk factors associated Describe the clinical presentation and diagnosis Review Differential diagnosis Recommend treatment for Acute Otitis Media, including when you should refer to OHNS Outline possible complications and reasons for referral

This week we are joined by 4th year University of Ottawa student Zuhaib Mir who will be discussing Chronic Otitis Media. After this podcast you will be able to: Discuss relevant anatomy Explain the pathophysiology associated Understand the risk factors Review the presentation and diagnosis Discuss treatment options Consider complications and reasons for referral

In this episode the wise parrot explores the do's and don'ts of a proper patient handover as demonstrated by residents, Winnie and Glen, and find out more about how SBARR can help with a more structured handover. This video is from our friends Dr. Curtiss Boyington (Infectious Diseases) and his summer student Anton Savin (M2). We are very happy they let us put their video on Surgery 101 to share with all of you!

This week we are joined by 4th year University of Ottawa student Zuhaib Mir who will be discussing Acute Otitis Media. After this podcast you will be able to: Define Acute Otitis Media Understand the Pathophysiology and risk factors of Acute Otitis Media Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis Recommend treatment for Acute Otitis Media, including when you should refer to OHNS Outline possible complications of Acute Otitis Media

In this video one resident offers advice to another on the One Minute Preceptor model of teaching. OMP allows the student ownership of the clinical scenario and lets you to identify gaps in the student's knowledge base and focus teaching appropriately their needs. At the end you should give one positive note and give them something specific to improve on.  

In this video a senior resident gives a framework on how to teach medical students to take concise histories and relay the important information to their attending.

In this video a junior resident seeks advice from his senior on small teaching sessions over coffee. For more videos and podcasts visit surgery101.org

In this video a resident is feeling inadequate when it comes to teaching medical students and seeks advice from his senior resident. For more videos and podcasts visit Surgery101.org

In this episode 4th year medical student, Dalia Bibr, from the University of Toronto explains the different types of infertility, investigations, and treatment. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Define infertility and discuss the difference between primary and secondary infertility Discuss the etiology of infertility with a focus on female factors that can contribute to infertility Review the common investigations and treatments used for infertility including medical and surgical options

In this episode 4th year medical student, Dalia Bibr, from the University of Toronto explains the different options available for female contraception. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Discuss a systematic approach to the different options available for contraception Discuss in depth the most common or recommended options for female contraception Review the factors to consider to be able to counsel women about the options that are consistent with their lifestyle and beliefs

In this episode 4th year medical student, Dalia Bibr, from the University of Toronto guides us through the topic of Spontaneous Abortion.  After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Understand what qualifies as a spontaneous abortion and what the different types are Understand the different maternal and fetal factors that can increase a patient's risk Discuss the typical clinical manifestations and finding on physical exam Explore the common investigations Discuss the different management strategies, future implications and counselling strategies

In this episode 4th year medical student, Dalia Bibr, from the University of Toronto discusses Uterine Fibroids. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: 1. Understand what a leiomyoma is and the different types 2. Discuss clinical presentation and risk factors 3. Understand the particular investigations that contribute to diagnosis 4. Understand and know when to execute different management strategies

In this episode 4th year medical student, Dalia Bibr, from the University of Toronto guides us through the topic of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Understand what AUB is and establish a systematic approach to the differential Focus in on AUB in the postmenopausal population; endometrial cancer until proven otherwise Understand the broad differential and tackle ways to address it through early investigations Discuss what the appropriate diagnostic tools are for AUB and specifics on endometrial cancer

In this episode 4th year medical student, Dalia Bibr, from the University of Toronto guides us through the topic of Ruptured Ovarian Cyst. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Understand about the different types of cysts Consider important questions to ask on history Discuss which physical exam maneuvers, laboratory investigations and imaging modalities are useful for diagnosis and management Discuss the different management strategies between uncomplicated and complicated rupture

PDF Notes for Surgery 101 Episode on Gynecological Hisotry

In this episode 4th year medical student, Dalia Bibr, from the University of Toronto takes us through a Gynecological history. After listening to this podcast the listener should be able to take a complete Gynecological history. The elements of the history include: Menstrual History Sexual History Past Obstetrical History Patient Medical History (Medications, Allergies) Past Surgical History Family History Social Support

In this episode 4th year medical student, Dalia Bibr, from the University of Toronto defines the topic of Obstetrics and Gynecology and its history, introduces us to the topics she will covers in her 8 part O&G series. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Discuss a little of the breadth of Obstetrics and Gynecology as a specailty with a focus on Gynecology and explain what to expect in clerkship Discuss the relevance of the topics covered in the next few podcasts and their application to everyday medicine/clerkship Discuss the history of the beginnings and evolution of gynaecology as a specialty

In this episode Pathologist, Dr. Tyler Rouse, talks about special techniques and the future of pathology. Objectives: Special stains IHC – diagnostic and prognostic Molecular pathology

In this episode Pathologist, Dr. Tyler Rouse, guides us through the pathology report, including key information, and tips for helping out the pathologist. Objectives: Review the various components of the path report (clinical history – don’t hold out!) Synoptic reports and the TNM classification system How can I help the pathologist (garbage in, garbage out)

In this episode Pathologist, Dr. Tyler Rouse, takes us through the steps of how how tissue is turned into a slide. The objectives include: Go through the basic steps of how surgical tissue becomes a slide Understand the importance of specimen handling and selection of sections Learn how the sections are processed into slides Pink and blue: the H&E

In this episode Pathologist, Dr. Tyler Rouse, explains 3 ways in which specimens removed during surgery are sent to pathology and the rationale behind each process. The objectives include: Fixed – how most specimens are sent to pathology and why; Fresh – scenarios where a surgeon might send the tissue without fixation; Frozen – covering intra-operative pathology consults – how this works, and some examples.

In this episode Pathologist, Dr. Tyler Rouse, gives an overview of what Pathology is and how is related to surgery and many other specialties. The objectives include: Who are pathologists? What do they do? How are pathologists involved in patient care?

In this episode, Anthony Vo, a 4th year medical student from the University of Alberta discusses two common types of skin cancer; Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). The objectives for both BCC and SCC include: Overview of each type of skin cancer Review of the characteristics and presentation Discussion of treatment options Prevention and follow-up

In this episode, Kerry Atkins, a 4th year medical student from the University of Alberta discusses one of the simplest and high yield diagnostic tests: the punch biopsy.  The objectives include: An overview of the different skin biopsy techniques and when they are appropriate Indications and contraindications of the procedure Materials required And step by step instructions on how to perform a punch biopsy

In this episode, Thoracic Surgeon Dr. Simon Turner discusses Thoracic Trauma. Thoracic trauma is one of the most intimidating situations in all of surgery. The chest contains the heart, lungs and the great vessels, and injury to any of these can quickly result in death if not rapidly corrected. Add to this the fact that the rib cage prevents direct examination of the structures most at risk and also hampers attempts at control of injuries. Thankfully, most immediately life threatening thoracic injuries can be reliably identified using little more than your eyes, ears and hands, if you know how to do it. The objectives for Thoracic Trauma include the: Assessment Identification of life-threatening injuries Intervention Diagnosis and treatment

In this episode, Thoracic Surgeon Dr. Simon Turner discusses Dysphagia and Achalasia. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a common presenting complaint to both primary care physicians and surgeons. Patients may mean several different things when they complain of trouble swallowing, and accordingly the differential diagnosis is large and includes both benign and malignant causes. For these reasons its important to have an organized approach to working up a patient with swallowing complaints that can help to efficiently focus investigations and treatment. This podcast will focus on the surgically treated causes of dysphagia and will discuss in depth one of the more common causes, a disease called achalasia. The objectives include the: Surgically treated causes of dysphagia Achalasia

In this episode, Thoracic Surgeon Dr. Simon Turner discusses GERD and Barrett’s Esophagus. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease, or GERD is one of the most common problems encountered by primary care physicians. It is the number 1 outpatient GI related complaint, and of all the patients with chest pain who have a negative work-up for angina, 50% have symptoms due to GERD. In addition to being common, GERD can also be quite serious, with the potential for debilitating symptoms, severe complications and even a risk of cancer. The objectives include the: Presentation Diagnosis Management Complications including Barrett’s Esophagus

In this episode, Thoracic Surgeon Dr. Simon Turner discusses Lung Cancer. Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and is the number 1 killer of all cancers. Most patients diagnosed with lung cancer will die of their disease within just a few years, however, with more knowledge about its presentation, screening, diagnosis and treatment, lung cancer can often be identified at a curable stage. This podcast will give the listener the basic facts needed to understand this complex disease in the hopes of giving patients the best chance for a good outcome. The objectives include the: Risk Factors Presentation Screening Diagnosis and treatment

 In this episode, Thoracic Surgeon Dr. Simon Turner discusses Mediastinal Masses. Imagine that you’ve ordered a chest x-ray on a patient of yours with shortness of breath. When you look at the x-ray the lungs look normal, but you notice to your surprise that the mediastinum looks quite abnormal. You speak with a radiologist who confirms your suspicions that your patient has a widened mediastinum and a probable mediastinal mass. What is the differential diagnosis of this x-ray finding and what should be done about it? Because mediastinal masses are not infrequently found incidentally on chest x-rays, every physician should have some basic knowledge about these lesions. The objectives include the: Anatomy of the mediastinum Differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses Approach to work-up and treatment of these legions

In this episode, Thoracic Surgeon Dr. Simon Turner discusses Solitary Pulmonary Nodule. This podcast was written in large part by Dr. Keerit Tauh, a graduate of the University of Alberta medical school and currently a cardiac surgery resident at the University of British Columbia.   The objectives include the:   • Definition • Classification and differential diagnosis • Approach to diagnosis and management of these lesions

In this episode, Thoracic Surgeon Dr. Simon Turner discusses Esophageal cancer. In this episode Dr. Turner will describe: The presentations of esophageal cancer Diagnosis and most common types of esophageal cancer The different stages and treatment options

This episode will consist of selecting an appropriate treatment plan and conducting 2 follow-up appointments. During the first follow-up appointment, a patient will present for a routine pessary change. Learners will be introduced of how to obtain a focused history, perform a physical examination, and identify any pessary complications. During the second follow-up appointment, a patient will request a surgical intervention. Learners will need to select a surgical option that is most appropriate for this patient.   

This episode will be presented from a physician’s perspective. Learners will act as a family physician or a gynecologist in a busy clinic where they will encounter a post-menopausal patient who will present with a sense of pelvic pressure or heaviness. The importance of knowledge about pelvic organ prolapse (POP) will be explained to learners as well as the incidence of the condition. Learners will be introduced of how to obtain a focused history, identify risk factors, perform a physical examination, including the Baden-Walker Hallway System of classification, and order investigations.

This episode will explain the origin of pelvic organ prolapse. Learners will be introduced to the anatomy of pelvic floor musculature, connective tissue, and vaginal wall support. The mechanism of pelvic organ prolapse will be explained and sketches of various types of POP will be presented.

Dr. Heimlich and her medical student are working in the Emergency Department at the Royal Bricktoria Hospital one evening when they meet a patient with a condition they have never seen before. They are faced with the important question "Who are you going to call?" Luckily with the help of the General Surgery Team things might be looking up for the patient.

This week resident Danica Kindrachuk talks about Post-Operative Pain. After listening to the podcast learners will be able to: Understand the scope of pain surgical patients experience. Explain the pathophysiology of acute pain. List some benefits of proper post-operative pain control. List the classes of drugs used for acute pain control. List the indications, mechanism of action, and side effects of these drugs. Understand the rationale for the use of non-pharmacologic therapies in pain control.

This week Anesthesia Residents Urooj Siddiqui explains regional anesthetic. After listening to this podcast learner will be able to: Describe the pain pathway Identify differences between regional and general anesthetics Recognize advancements in Regional Block techniques List different types of regional blocks and their indications Identify contraindications and complications of regional blocks

This week Anesthesia Resident Urooj Siddiqui talks about Local Anesthesia. After listening to the podcast learners will be able to: Describe the pharmacology of local anesthetics Look at the different types of local anesthetics Highlight the different techniques used in local anesthesia Outline the toxicities associated with common local anesthetic agents Recognize the indications for and against the use of local anesthetics

This week Anesthesia resident Urooj Siddiqui talks about Neuromuscular Blocking Agents. After listening to the podcast learners will be able to: Understand pharmacology and physiology of muscle relaxants Discuss classes of neuromuscular blocking agents Know the importance of neuromuscular blockade in practice Comprehend monitoring muscle relaxation Grasp indications and contraindications Review complications

This week resident Ameer Farooq talks about General Anesthesia. After listening to the podcast learners will be able to:  Understand why it is important to know about General Anesthesia Outline indications for General Anesthesia Talk about preparation for General Anesthesia Follow the 3 main stages of General Anesthesia Induction, Maintenance, and Emergence Discuss complications of General Anesthesia

This week resident Ameer Farooq talks about the Anesthetic pre-operative assessment.  After listening to the podcast learners will be able to: Understand the Purpose of the Pre-operative history Know the important aspects of the history and physical exam to focus on. Describe two important classification systems that medical students should be aware of: the ASA score and Mallampati score.

After watching this video, students will be able to: 1. Describe the anatomy of the laparoscopic camera.2. Demonstrate set up of the laparoscopic camera.3. Demonstrate proper technique in driving the camera. WARNING: This video contains real Operating Room footage

After watching this video, students will be able to: 1. Explain the concept of laparoscopic surgery.2. Identify and explain the role of the basic equipment used in laparoscopic surgery.3. Recognize the basic steps to setting up laparoscopic surgery. WARNING: This video contains real operating room footage.

This week resident Ameer Farooq interviews Dr. Mohamed about anesthesiology and being an anesthetist. After listening to the podcast learners will be able to: Define anesthesia Learn what is involved in anesthesia Understand the role of a modern anesthetist List expectations for clerkship and elective students in anesthesia Know what a typical day is like for a medical student in anesthesia Recognize what students can do to maximize their time Hear about resources for medical students

In this Episode of LEGO Surgery Dr. McBurney helps 3 high school students understand all the steps in becoming a doctor.

This week Danica Kindrachuk from the University of Saskatchewan gives an introduction to Anesthesia After listening to the podcast learners will be able to: Understand a bit of the history of anesthesia and understand its importance. Describe anesthesia and its scope of practice. Understand the differences between and uses of local, regional, and general anesthesia. List 4 main goals of general anesthesia. Define the term “balanced anesthesia” and its rationale.

PDF Notes for Surgery 101-PedsCases episode Introduction to PedsCases

This week Medical Student Amarjot Padda interviews General Pediatrician and Associate Professor in the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Alberta, Dr. Mel Lewis and Pediatric General Surgeon and Associate Professor of Surgery at the University of Alberta, Dr. Bryan Dicken about important concepts in Pediatric Surgery and how it related to their specialties. In this podcast they will: Introduce students to pediatric surgery Review important points to consider when referring to a pediatric surgeon Explore how to talk to children and their families about surgery

In this episode of LEGO Surgery Dr. McBurney gives a brief overview of CanMeds to his medical student intern. With a short explanation of all of the 7 roles that make up the CanMeds flower.

In this episode Dr. Antrum helps patients Janey and Dan learn about ERAS (enhanced recovery after surgery) and how it could help them fast track through recovery.

In this episode of Muppet Surgery Dr. Scalpel and Thumbs teach Alex how to properly use surgical scissors.

In this episode of Muppet Surgery Dr. Scalpel and Thumbs teach Alex about all the different kinds of sutures available and what they are used for.

In this episode of Muppet Surgery Dr. Scalpel and Thumbs teach Alex about the proper way to use clamps to deal with blood vessels in the operating room.

In this episode of Muppet Surgery Dr. Scalpel and Thumbs teach Alex the different methods to handle tissue during an operation.

In this episode of Muppet Surgery Dr. Scalpel and Thumbs teach Alex about different techniques for dealing with bleeding in the operating room including cautery, suction and sponge

In this episode of Muppet Surgery Dr. Scalpel and Thumbs teach Alex about the different incisions and retraction in the operating room.

In this episode of Muppet Surgery Dr. Scalpel and Thumbs teach Alex about the scalpel. Including how the mount the scalpel, different types of blades, different grips, etc.

In this episode of Muppet Surgery Dr. Scalpel and Thumbs teach Alex about the various surgical instruments used in the operating room.

In this episode of Muppet Surgery Dr. Scalpel and Thumbs guide Alex through the steps of an operation.

In this episode of Muppet Surgery Dr. Scalpel and Thumbs introduce Alex to the OR team. Explaining everyone’s role as part of the team.

After a discouraging first day in the OR Thumbs and Dr. Scalpel help Alex feel more comfortable during his surgery clerkship.

Welcome back to the LEGO Operating Room! In this episode, Dr Balfour discusses surgery for Crohn's Disease and explains the operation of a small bowel resection.  Please let us know what you think of LEGO Surgery!   Please note: This video contains footage of real surgery which you may find disturbing.   Music: Pamgaea by Kevin Macleod (incompetech.com)

Here's a BTS look at the people who make Surgery 101!

In this episode, General Surgeon, Dr. Raji Menon continues discussing Burnout After listening to this episode, learners will be able to Reasons for Burnout   How to recognize burnout Ways to recover from and prevent burnout

In this episode, General Surgeon, Dr. Raji Menon discusses Burnout. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: ·      Define Burnout and Stress ·      Learn the differences between burnout and stress ·      Describe consequences of burnout and who they affect

In this episode, medical student Cory Kwong discusses open fractures. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define an open fracture Describe the epidemiology, etiology, and mechanism of an open fracture Describe the steps for initial management of an open fracture Identify potential complications associated with an open fracture  

In this episode, former medical student Stephanie Lim discusses fracture management. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Identify important features on history and physical exam when dealing with an acute injury Discuss radiographic assessment of fractures Review important terminology related to fractures Discuss principles of immobilization and reduction

In this episode, Thoracic Surgeon Dr. Simon Turner discusses Near-Peer Shadowing. In this episode Dr. Turner will describe: ·      Different structures of near-peer shadowing ·      Benefits for both trainees and mentors in the program ·      Hear about potential challenges

In this episode, neurosurgeon Dr. Cian O’Kelly discusses the surgical management of an acute ischemic stroke. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: What an ischemic stroke is What treatment options are available Benefits and risks involved in surgical intervention

  In this episode, neurosurgeon Dr. Andrew Nataraj discusses the approach to back pain. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Describe the epidemiology of back pain Identify the burden of this disease on the population Differentiate the more common, non-specific back pain from more sinister causes by clinical parameters and red flag observations

  In this episode, neurosurgeon Dr. Andrew Nataraj discusses the approach to spinal trauma. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Discuss the relevance of spinal trauma Describe the initial management of a patient with a suspected spinal injury List the indicators for imaging and diagnosis using imaging Identify the four most common fracture patterns    

In this episode, neurosurgeon Dr. Vivek Mehta discusses pediatric brain tumors.  After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: ·      Understand the commonality of pediatric brain tumors (PBT) ·      Describe the most common symptoms seen in children suspected of having a brain tumor ·      Describe the steps in determining what to do about the tumor ·      Describe the characteristics associated with the two most common pediatric brain tumors

In this episode, neurosurgeon Dr. J. Max Findlay and neurosurgery chief resident Dr. Cam McDougall discuss life-threatening headaches. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define the three headaches that can kill a patient

In this episode, neurosurgeon Dr. J. Max Findlay discusses lumbar radiculopathy along his personal experience with this condition. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: ·      Define “radiculopathy” and “radiculitis” ·      Discuss the basic features of lumbar radiculopathy ·      Identify the differences between an L5, S1 and L4 radiculopathy ·      Discuss treatment options for radiculopathy

In this episode, Dr. Mitch Wilson discusses burr holes and the craniotomy. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define “craniotomy” and “burr holes” Identify the common indications for a craniotomy Describe the seven steps to a craniotomy

  In this episode, Dr. Jenny Souster from the division of Neurosurgery at the University of Alberta,discusses normal pressure hydrocephalus. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define NPH Identify the symptoms of NPH Describe the pathophysiology of NPH Describe how to diagnose a patient as having NPH Describe how to treat NPH

In this episode, medical student Lindsay Benoit discusses ectopic pregnancy. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Identify Ectopic Pregnancy through Pathophysiology History Physical Exam Diagnostic Tests Know about the different treatment options and when they are appropriate

The new virtual patient is here! She's a doll with diarrhea. Click here to try to solve the case:  

In this episode, Dr Bin Zheng discusses simulation and its application in surgical education. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: ·      List the types of knowledge, skills and attitudes that can be taught using simulation ·      Describe the main types of simulation models ·      Outline the main advantages of simulation and attributes of an effective simulation program  

Welcome back to Surgery 101 Studios   It's that time of the year again - the holidays are almost here, and we're celebrating another successful year at Surgery 101.    We decided to make a short video to say thanks to all of our fans around the world, and also to show you some of the large team of people who are involved in caring for a patient undergoing surgery.    It's called the 12 days of surgery, and we hope you enjoy it!

Welcome to Rebirth Medical School, where we're rebuilding the future one medical student at a time! In this episode, we highlight our new Zombie-Based Learning (ZBL) curriculum, and show students how to carry out subcuticular suturing on one of the undead!

Welcome back to Muppet Surgery! In this episode, Dr Scalpel and Thumbs explore the mysteries of the Safe Surgery Checklist with the rest of the team in the Muppet Operating Room! This episode focuses on parts 2 and 3 of the checklist, the time out and the debrief.

Welcome back to Muppet Surgery! In this episode, Dr Scalpel and Thumbs explore the mysteries of the Safe Surgery Checklist with the rest of the team in the Muppet Operating Room! This episode focuses on part 1 of the checklist, the pre-op briefing.

In this episode, Alexi Millman discusses priapism. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to identify priapism as a surgical emergency, discriminate between ischemic and non-ischemic types, and describe the etiology, presentation and management of the condition.  

In this episode, Alexi Millman discusses Peyronie’s disease. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to describe the etiology, presentation and management of the condition.  

In this episode, Alexi Millman discusses penile fracture. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to identify penile fracture as a surgical emergency, and describe the etiology, presentation and management of the condition.  

Happy Halloween from Surgery 101! Welcome to Rebirth Medical School, where we're rebuilding the future one medical student at a time! In this episode, we highlight our new Zombie-Based Learning (ZBL) curriculum, and show students how to carry out interrupted suturing on one of the undead!

In this episode, Alexi Millman discusses paraphimosis. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to identify paraphimosis as a surgical emergency, and describe the etiology, presentation and management of the condition.  

In this episode, Alexi Millman discusses phimosis. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to describe the etiology, presentation and management of the condition.  

Apply now for our 2015 summer studentships! Please submit all three of the following: 1. Your resume 2. A critique of an existing episode on the Surgery 101 YouTube channel, telling us what you liked and what you would improve. This can be written or (better) in the form of a posted video response on YouTube). 3. A script outline & basic storyboard for a new LEGO Surgery video episode you would like to make. Maybe you want to make a superhero video, or something based on The Hunger Games, or some other idea we haven’t thought of yet! If you want, you can make a rough cut to show us how great you are! See examples from LEGO Surgery – Appendectomy at the following link: Contact:    shannon.erichsen@ualberta.ca Join our team January 2015 15 weeks working full-time from May-August 2015 35 hours a week + 1 week vacation (dates to be agreed) Salary: $4,500 + $ 500 travel bursary Interviews to be held:  late November 2014 Project background The Department of Surgery at the University of Alberta is a national leader in the field of surgical education. We have created ‘Surgery 101’ a weekly podcast for medical students which has been downloaded over 1,500,000 times in 175 countries to date (http://surgery101.org). The purpose of the Surgery 101 Studios project is to enrich the Surgery 101 website with multimedia learning materials including online digital video. Influences on our video work to date include LEGO, the Muppets, Star Trek and The Walking Dead. Our team is looking for students with a high degree of creativity, and the ability to work in a small, highly collaborative team. Students must be able to commit to a project, and work to develop their ideas through to completion. Applicants must be comfortable using digital technologies; experience in photography and video production would be an advantage. Skills in story-telling, drama, audio and voiceover, drawing and animation would also be beneficial. Students will join our team as junior members in January 2015, and will meet monthly for training between January and May 2015. Full-time video production will commence in May 2015 and continue through August 2015. Students will be based at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, and will be provided with access to professional-level cameras, audio equipment and computer hardware. Consultation and training is also available with our partners in Digital Media in NAIT. Training will be provided in instructional design and video production techniques, and students will be assisted to shoot, edit and produce online videos for distribution on the Surgery 101 website. Software utilized will include Dragonframe, Adobe Premiere and Adobe After Effects. In addition to the $4,500 salary provided, a $500 bursary will be included to enable presentation of this work at a national or international medical education meeting.  

In this two-part episode, medical student Danica Kindrachuk discusses ophthalmology and its signature operation of cataract surgery. After listening to the part 2 of this episode, learners will be able to: List the indications, risks, and benefits of cataract surgery Understand how cataract surgery is performed Learn some really interesting, fun facts about the eye  

In this two-part episode, medical student Danica Kindrachuk discusses ophthalmology and its signature operation of cataract surgery. After listening to the first part of this episode, learners will be able to: Define cataract and understand its pathophysiology Describe anterior eye anatomy with a particular focus on the lens List five types of cataracts and their presentations Know the features on history and physical exam that would make a person suspect cataracts  

In this short episode, Dr Jonathan White reviews progress on the Surgery 101 project.

This week, Surgery 101 was featured in the University of Alberta's Celebrate! Teaching Learning Research event. Our Muppets made it onto the big stage!

Surgery 101 Studios presents Star Trek Surgery: Episode 2: “Alien Fungus Blues” “These are the voyages of the USS Metzenbaum” This Starfleet training video teaches viewers how to perform a physical examination of the neck. Excellent and fun tool for medical students. Enjoy!

Welcome back to the LEGO OR, where Dr Bookwalter is on call for trauma today. Learn about how a trauma laparotomy is performed, using LEGO! Please note: This video contains footage of real surgery which you may find disturbing.

“These are the voyages of the USS Metzenbaum” This Starfleet training video teaches viewers how to perform a physical examination of the breast. An excellent and fun tool for medical students. Enjoy!  

Here is the new trailer for our Surgery 101 YouTube channel = enjoy!

Welcome back to the LEGO Operating Room. In this episode, Dr Maryland discusses surgery for gallstones and explains laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Please let us know what you think of LEGO Surgery! Please note: This video contains footage of real surgery which you may find disturbing. Music: Pamgaea by Kevin Macleod (incompetech.com)Sounds:This video uses these sounds from freesound:operation_lisboa by nikitralala (https://www.freesound.org/people/nikitralala/)Font:Legothick from Urbanfonts

“These are the voyages of the USS Metzenbaum” This Starfleet training video teaches viewers how to perform a physical examination of the abdomen. Excellent and fun tool for medical students. Enjoy! Produced by Surgery 101 Studios at the Royal Alexandra Hospital with help from Covidien Inc., Alberta Health Services, the University of Alberta and the Tom Williams Chair in Surgical Education.

In this episode of LEGO Surgery, Dr Lichtenstein explains how to repair an inguinal hernia.Please note: This video contains footage of real surgery which you may find disturbing.  Music: Pamgaea - Kevin Macleod (incompetech.com)Font:Legothick from Urbanfonts

This is the first of the new series of LEGO Surgery videos produced by Surgery 101 Studios. Please let us know what you think of Dr McBurney and his patient Bob! Note: This video contains footage of real surgery which you may find disturbing.     Music: Pamgaea - Kevin Macleod ()   Sounds: This video uses these sounds from freesound: operation_lisboa by nikitralala (  ) PagerBeeps by snardin42 ()   This video uses these sounds from GRSites: Paging doctor ()   Font: Legothick from Urbanfonts

In this episode, Dr Jeremy Stone considers the parallels between medicine and the aviation industry.

'Surgery Bootcamp' is another project that Surgery 101 Studios has been working on. This episode is inspired by 'Full Metal Jacket' and 'The A-Team'! Please let us know what you think about it! WARNING This video contains footage of real surgery which you may find disturbing.  

In the final episode of Season 1 of Muppet Surgery, surgery resident Thumbs interviews his boss Dr Scalpel about his life as a surgeon! [youtube=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p84e6n3k398]

In this episode of ‘Muppet Surgery’, Thumbs talks to some medical students about what it's like to be in the operating room for the first time.

In this episode of 'Muppet Surgery', Thumbs talks to some OR nurses about their work in the operating room, and about what it's like to help with surgery.

In this episode of 'Muppet Surgery', Thumbs shows us how to dress for the operating room, and how to scrub.

In this episode of 'Muppet Surgery', Thumbs shows us how the OR team safely transfers a patient from their bed to the operating room table, and back again.    

In this episode of 'Muppet Surgery', Thumbs talks to a surgeon about his work in the operating room, and about what it's like to live and work in surgery.

In this episode of 'Muppet Surgery', Thumbs talks to two surgery residents about their work in the operating room, and about what it's like to train to become a surgeon.

In this episode of 'Muppet Surgery', Thumbs talks to two anesthesiologists about their work in the operating room. [youtube=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6650rtrPP5c]

In this episode of 'Muppet Surgery', Thumbs and Dr Scalpel take us inside an operating room to look at the various pieces of equipment we use during surgery.

In this episode of ‘Muppet Surgery’, Thumbs and Dr Scalpel discuss how the operating room fits in the work of the hospital.

We've recently been experimenting with a little 3D video in the Operating Room. Here is some test footage shot with a 3D rig and two HERO GOPRO2 cameras. For the full effect, please view with some traditional red and cyan anaglyptic glasses! We'll be posting more of these 3D videos as our project moves ahead, please let us know what you think!

Here is our very first LEGO Surgery video, shot in our custom-built Surgery 101 LEGO Operating Room!

Another project we've been working on at Surgery 101 is Virtual Patients! These are interactive cases for medical students to practice on. Our first one is Shortness of Breath, and stay tuned for more! For the Surgery 101 app, use 'Episode Links' (the 'e' button) to access!  

We’ve been working on our Surgery 101 Studios project for a little while now, so we are very pleased indeed to present our very first Muppet Surgery video featuring Thumbs and Dr Scalpel – enjoy! YouTube link:

Dr Jonathan White talks about Phase 2 of the Surgery 101 project, and describes his plans for 2014. Video also on YouTube at:

Surgery 101 wishes all of our listeners a happy holiday season and a peaceful and prosperous 2014. It may have seemed a little quiet here for the last few weeks, but we have been working very hard in the background to get ready for Phase 2 of Surgery 101, coming in January 2014! There's a special announcement coming very soon, we think you're going to like what we have lined up for next year! Merry Christmas The Surgery 101 Team    

One of the friends of Surgery 101 is doing an innovative study on the use of the virtual environment Second Life in medical education, and he's looking for volunteers to test out a cool virtual space. If you're interested, please watch   and then contact Rashid Kashani at the email address provided!

At this week's pre-Christmas Surgical Education Rounds, Dr Bin Zheng discussed "Eye movements in surgery: A literature review" by Hermens et al (2013). We had a great discussion about this very new field of research, considering: - is it possible to train a surgeon how to look better? - is 'proper eye movement' a basic, intermediate or advanced skill? - what are the important differences between 'watching' and 'doing'? - is this only applicable to screen-based surgery, or can it be applied to open surgery? (Click image for journal link)    

Want to be a summer intern at Surgery 101? We are now accepting applications, deadline is December 16! Project Title Surgery 101 Studios 2014 Project Length (months) 4 Position Description Surgery 101 is a podcast which has been downloaded over 1 million times in 175 countries. We aim to enrich this podcast with online video content. Our influences include the Muppets, Star Trek and The Walking Dead. We wish to build a small, collaborative team of creative, self-directed students to work on this project. Experience with script development, storytelling and digital media would be advantageous. You will be doing scripting/pre-production in Jan-May 2014. Shooting/post-production will be in May-Sept 2014. You will be based at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, working 35h/week, and will have access to professional-level hardware and software. We will provide training in instructional design and video production. You will be shooting, editing and producing videos to be shared on Surgery 101 using techniques including puppetry, stopmotion, and recording/editing operative video. Four positions available, salary up to $4,500+$500 travel. Apply to erichsen@ualberta.ca before 9am 16 Dec 2013, interviews 19 Dec 2013. Please send: 1. Your resume 2. An outline script idea or video

This month's Surgical Education Rounds was on a recent paper from the University of Ottawa looking at competency in the OR, 'The Ottawa Surgical Competency Operating Room Evaluation (O-SCORE): a tool to assess surgical competence', by Wade Gofton et al (2012). We had a great discussion about how to measure competence in the OR, both from a surgical and a psychometric perspective. A key point was - is there a basic framework of competency that is common across all operations? There's lots of work to do in this area! (Click image for PubMed link)

Team Undergrad Surgery was in attendance at the 2013 national meeting of the in Ottawa in November. There was excellent representation from all across the country, and great discussion of the current hot topics in surgical education. Dr Paul Belliveau was also named as the John Provan Outstanding Canadian Surgical Educator - well done, Paul!

I was recently asked to be a visiting professor at the University of Utah, so I spent a few days in Salt Lake City visiting with the surgeons there and giving some talks. I spoke on a couple of topics: The Surgeon’s Tale. How do we use stories in surgical education? Salt Lake City Surgical Society Using new technology in surgical education. Grand Rounds. Department of Surgery, University of Utah I had a great time during my short visit, and received such a warm and generous welcome. Thanks to all of the great folks who spent time sharing their stories with me, especially Amalia Cochrane and Bill Peche and the members of the Salt Lake Surgical Society. And many thanks to Kelly and Peter for sharing breakfast with me and to Kelly for driving me over to the hospital! It was a privilege to see your M&M and resident selection processes in action, and it was great to talk to your residents and students, the surgeons of the future!

Today saw our first Grand Rounds in Surgical Education at the University of Alberta. This event is supported by our industry partners Covidien, and will take place 2-3 times a year. Our first speaker was Dr Stan Hamstra from the University of Ottawa, who spoke on outcomes for CBME. Thanks, Stan!

At this month's Surgical Education Rounds, Dr Bin Zheng discussed a recent paper entitled:   This paper is one of the first to establish that skills learned in a virtual reality environment can be transferred into in real-world tasks. (Click image for PubMed abstract)  

At this month's Surgical Education Rounds, we discussed a classic paper by Musselman et al on intimidation and harassment in surgical education. It was published way back in 2005, but it still has a lot to say about the culture of surgery, and why it's sometimes perceived as a threatening environment. As the authors say: "Even while their dysfunctional characteristics are recognised, intimidation and harassment are often seen as functional educational tools." Click on the image for the PubMed abstract

I had a lot of fun talking to our Year 1 medical students today about Surgical Therapeutics! Here are a few images from the session, and a list of questions they asked. I'll try to answer as many of them as I can over the next few days... Pictures are Note: we are looking for students with an interest in scripting, editing and video production to get involved in Surgery 101 Studios this year.  If you're interested, please email us at surgerypodcast@gmail.com or send a tweet to @canadiansurgeon.

Kat Pederson made us a delicious Surgery 101 cake to celebrate our one millionth download!

We are very pleased to announce that Surgery 101 has just passed Many many thanks to all of our listeners and supporters worldwide. We are only getting started :D

It's been a little quiet here on the Surgery 101 website over the summer, but there's been a lot of work going on behind the scenes on our "Surgery 101 Studios" project. We really think you're going to like what's coming up, here is a little sneak peek for now!

This week Surgery 101 is hosting another excellent educational video produced by our amazing medical students from Edmonton. The video is '', by Roochi Arora and Parichita Choudhury. (go to Episode Extras in the app to access) (Video hosted by YouTube, produced by Arora & Choudhury, 2013)

In this episode, Susan Chaudoir explains our recent study called ‘Ask the Surgeon’, considering what pre-clinical medical students want to know about surgery

Congrats to elective student Danica Kindrachuk who has just completed our first ever Surgery 101 / surgical education elective here at the U of A. She is now heading home to the University of Saskatchewan after spending 2 weeks with our team, and the podcasts she worked on will be featured here soon! You can email us at surgerypodcast@gmail.com to apply for an education elective with us! Our second surgical education elective student starts on Monday!

We have started work on Surgery 101 Studios! You’ll be hearing much more about this in the weeks and months ahead, but for now here’s a sneak peek from our first shoot!

The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada has just issued an excellent report on resident duty hours, safety and fatigue. It’s sensible and balanced, and it’s great read! Click the image below for the summary.

At last night’s meeting of the League of Surgical Educators, we reviewed Hill & Vaughan’s paper on gendered medical student experiences in surgery, “The only girl in the room: how paradigmatic trajectories deter female students from surgical careers.” The paper was excellent and stimulated a wide-ranging discussion about career decisions for all medical students. Lessons I took away from the discussion were: 1. You only have one life, and you have to decide for yourself how to live it. All choices have consequences, and every path you take will contain regrets. 2. Don’t take anyone else’s word for it when you’re making important decisions about your life. Don’t let anyone tell you what you can’t be. 3. Becoming a physician is hard, regardless of which speciality you choose. There are plenty of other specialities which require hard work and dedication, and plenty of unhappy doctors in non-surgical specialities. The narrative about a surgical career requiring sacrifice is a powerful one (see also: Grey’s Anatomy), but it’s not necessarily true and it doesn’t have to be that way if you don’t want. 4. We need more good people in surgery, regardless of gender, race, sexual orientation or class. Click on the image below for the abstract.  

In this episode, Krista Lai discusses medical students' attitudes to online professionalism and the use of social networking software.

In this episode, Kerry Wong discusses the use of medical television dramas in the teaching of medicine and surgery.

In this video episode, Dr Jonathan White considers the advantages and potential challenges associated with using mobile computing devices such as the iPhone in medical education.

To celebrate the launch of the Surgery 101 app on Google Play, we're offering a 50% discount on the next one hundred and one (101) 1-year Surgery 101 subscriptions! Don't wait, this offer is only good till the end of May!To sign up, please click and  use the following code: SURGERY101(If you are in the app tap the Extras button and then the Episode Links button to go directly to the link above to create your account and enter the code)

In this week's video episode, Dr Jonathan White discusses the use of team-based assessment of medical students, considering "Who Writes What?" when it comes to written comments.

We are pleased to announce that the Surgery 101 is now available on the Google Play Store! You can now enjoy all our episodes and videos on your cool Android phone, tablet and device! (

Here is the TEDMED Live talk I recently gave at the U of A FOMD100 event – enjoy!

In this episode, Shannon Erichsen, Charlotte Chan & Peter Jaffray discuss the recent collaboration between Surgery 101 and the School of Business at the University of Alberta. 

  In this episode, Dr Chris Decker discusses the use of checklists and mnemomics in the care of post-operative surgery patients. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Describe the use of checklists and mnemonic memory aids in the care of surgical patients Define DAVID’s PAW, WOLF and TOIL

In this episode, Dr Erik Beuker discusses trauma thoracotomy. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: • Describe the basic steps in trauma thoracotomy • List indications and contraindications to trauma thoracotomy • List outcomes from trauma thoracotomy

  In this episode, Darwin Wan discusses the neurosurgical ophthalmic examination. After listening to this episode, learner should be able to:   ·      List eight components of the neurosurgical ophthalmic examination. ·      Perform a basic neurosurgical ophthalmic examination.

  In this episode, Erin Boschee discusses melanoma. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:   ·      List risk factors for the development of melanoma ·      Describe how to diagnose and stage melanoma ·      Identify factors that affect prognosis ·      Describe the principles of the surgical treatment of melanoma

This week Surgery 101 is hosting another excellent educational video produced by our amazing medical students from Edmonton. The video is ’The Sterile Field in the Operating Room (Don’t Touch That, Son!) ’, by Mitch Wilson. [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Dki5jFlE8o&feature=player_embedded] (Video hosted by YouTube, produced by M Wilson, 2012)

This week Surgery 101 is hosting another excellent educational video produced by our amazing medical students from Edmonton. The video is '6 Weeks in the Life', by Lucas Dean & Mikayla Brenneis. [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8Qt2WEI5l0&feature=player_embedded#] (Video hosted by YouTube, produced by Dean & Brenneis, 2012)

This week Surgery 101 is hosting another excellent educational video produced by our amazing medical students from Edmonton. The video is 'Laparoscopic Intracorporeal Suturing', by Jimmy Wang. [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_cAtFutvXA&feature=plcphttp://] (Video hosted by YouTube, produced by Wang, 2012)

This week Surgery 101 is hosting another excellent educational video produced by our amazing medical students from Edmonton. The video is 'Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Suturing and Knot Tying', by Jimmy Wang. [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOoeqEaoyiw&feature=plcp] (Video hosted by YouTube, produced by Wang, 2012)

This week Surgery 101 is hosting another excellent educational video produced by our amazing medical students from Edmonton. The video is 'Laparoscopic Appendectomy', by Noah Switzer & Lillian Du. [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNyDooQQtZU&feature=youtu.behttp://] (Video hosted by YouTube, produced by Switzer & Du, 2012)

  The Surgery 101 Study In this episode, Dr Jonathan White describes a study looking at how medical students use Surgery 101.

In this episode, Dr. Niels Jacobsen discusses bladder cancer. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: • Describe the epidemiology and biology of bladder cancer • List the risk factors associated with bladder cancer • Describe the presentation, evaluation and staging of the patient who has bladder cancer • Outline treatment options for patients with bladder cancer

In this episode, Dr Niels Jacobsen discusses renal cell carcinoma. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Outline the epidemiology, risk factors and genetics of renal cell carcinoma Describe the tumour biology and pathology of renal cell carcinoma Describe how patients present with renal cell carcinoma Outline how patients with the condition are diagnosed, staged and treated

This week Surgery 101 is hosting another excellent educational video produced by one of our amazing medical students from Edmonton. The video is 'How To Do A Proper Knee Exam', by Marc Curial. [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrOAS397J_8&feature=channel_video_title] (Video hosted by YouTube, produced by M Curial 2011)

This week Surgery 101 is hosting another excellent educational video produced by our amazing medical students in Edmonton. The video is 'Three Interrupted Sutures', by Adam Hall & Kyle Rogan. (Video hosted by YouTube, produced by Rogan & Hall 2012, music by Aphex Twin & Mozart used under fair use provisions for educational purposes)

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White describes the process of making a Surgery 101 episode. Topics covered include: ·      Where does the idea for an episode come from? ·      Finding a speaker ·      The script ·      The recording ·      Post-production editing, music and sound effects ·      Upload, dissemination and monitoring ·      Calls for new episodes

I was recently interviewed by 'The Scalpel' this week, which is a newsletter produced by our medical school's undergraduate Surgery Club. Other issues can be seen here: What do you think is the appeal of surgical specialties as compared to medical specialties? Hmmm. For me, I think it’s two things. Firstly, surgery gets things done, it makes an impact. We used to say “surgery is a doing word”, like it’s a verb. I mean, it makes a big difference for patients. You take out their appendix, they get better. You remove their cancer. You drain their infection. It’s not like prescribing a certain dose of a certain medicine and waiting to see what happens, and then adjusting the dose and waiting to see what happens again. I suppose there’s more instant gratification in surgery. The other thing is that it’s personal, you do it yourself, with your own hands. Of course, you work as part of a larger team of people, and you get to use cool instruments, but in the end it’s the surgeon who is the treatment. It’s you who’s making the difference, you’re doing the operation, you’re leading the team. That means when it goes well, you get a great sense of personal satisfaction, but when it goes badly that’s down to you too. How did you decide on your surgical specialty? I’m a general surgeon at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, but most of my elective practice is focused on colorectal surgery, so I spend a lot of time operating on the bowel. Choosing a direction for my career was a difficult decision for me - when I was a student I thought I wanted to be a family doctor, but after I graduated I got bitten by the surgery bug right away. I think it was the great team I worked on, the pace, the excitement and the way that patients got better quickly! I wish I could say that I considered a lot of other options, but really I was a general surgeon from the start. I liked the variety of practice, so many different operations to learn and every day being different. I also liked being a generalist, seeing patients with undifferentiated problems and having to make up a management plan on the spot. I also like making decisions based on limited information – for instance for the acute abdomen - you know something has gone wrong in there, but you don’t know what, so you just have to get in there and make up a plan on the spot. I suppose it can be fun working in a smaller speciality or doing a smaller range of operations, but I kind of like the unplanned, chaotic nature of general surgery. I’m always looking for something different, saying “right, what’s next?” What does it take to be successful and happy in your specialty? I’d say it’s the same as for any speciality. For a start, you have to be doing what you love, it doesn’t work if that’s not the case. If you’re like me, you’re getting up every morning looking forward to seeing what’s going to happen today. I’m not saying you won’t have down days now and then, but in general you’ve gotta love what I do.  Second, you’ve gotta like your patients. If you’re saying “oh God, another patient with condition X”, you can’t really be happy. I’m like “hey, another person with hemorrhoids, I wonder what’s different about this one?” And really, people are fascinating anyway. So you gotta be a people person. Next, I think you need some variety in your work. Operating is fine, but you don’t want to do it every single day. That would be like working in a factory. I spend a lot of time teaching, running courses, supervising students and doing research in education, that’s where I get variety too. Next, you need to have some sort of balance, like have something outside of work. Your family, your hobbies, a life outside that has nothing to do with medicine. Sometimes you need to get away. We always used to say “what would you do with your life if you couldn’t be a surgeon any more? Start doing that a little now, just in case.” Lastly, I couldn’t be happy without having someone to share all of this with, someone to tell my stories to. My wife is so wonderful, and I’m glad she isn’t a doctor, there are nights I come home and the last thing I want to talk about is work. What advice would you give to medical students interested in your speciality? If you think you might be interested in surgery, I’d advise doing some electives right from the start of medical school. Try out a few different things and work with different people to see what Surgery is really like. When you hit clerkship, it’s really easy to get bitten by the bug – I get a lot of students who say to me “I had a great time in the General Surgery clerkship, and I wanna be a surgeon!” I tell them not to get too excited just yet, go and check out all the other clerkships and if you still feel this way later in the year then come and talk to me again. Surgery isn’t for everyone, and you don’t want to make a rash decision – we want the best students in Surgery of course, but we want you to have considered all the other options and really know what you’re getting into. How has your specialty changed in the recent past and where do you see it going in the future? Your training gives you a set of general surgical skills, but you have to learn new operations in practice as they are developed. There are new operations and new devices coming along all the time, like laparoscopic surgery – they didn’t have that when I was a medical student! General Surgery has changed a lot - when I started training we did a wide range of operations including fractures, urology and plastic surgery, but since then we have become much more specialized. For instance, much of my work now is focused on colorectal problems, specifically colorectal oncology. It’s nice being an expert in a relatively small field, but I think we’re always going to need surgeons who can assess patients who get really sick really quick and decide what to do when the diagnosis is unclear.  You have to know what to do with the broad range of problems that come in when you’re on call. There’s a movement towards a new speciality called Acute Care Surgery which is focused on dealing with acutely sick patients like this. Further down the road, I think genomics, nanotech and robotics are going to make a huge impact on many aspects of medicine – time will tell what that ends up looking like. If you were to retire tomorrow, what is your most memorable moment as a surgeon? It’s tempting to remember some really cool or gross operation, or some really amazing case, but for me the most memorable thing has been the impact you make on the people you meet. The guy who shakes your hand and says “doc, you saved my life” 5 years after rectal cancer surgery. The lady who cries when you tell her you got the whole tumour out. The relative who gives you a big hug in the ICU after her mom dies. What we do is incredible, but the difference it makes to people is the most amazing bit for me, that’s what I’ll remember the most.

This week Surgery 101 is hosting another excellent educational video produced by our amazing medical students in Edmonton. The video is '', by Simon Byrns. (Video hosted by YouTube, produced by Byrns 2012)

Here is a nice paper just published by Jin et al from the surgical education team at the University of Toronto, it's recommended reading! "When cognitive resources reach their limit during critical and uncertain moments of an operation, the consumption of resources by the pressures of reputation and ego might interfere with the thought processes needed to execute the task at hand. Recognizing the effects of external social pressures may help the surgeon better self-regulate, respond mindfully to these pressures, and prevent surgical error."

Surgery 101 is kicking off 2013 with another excellent educational video produced by one of our amazing medical students from Edmonton. Students work hard on their surgery rotations, so it's important to take some time to relax and to maintain your wellness, as Sharon Husak demonstrates in 'A Yoga Lesson in Surgery'. Happy stretching! [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_C8AwT2nWQU] (Video hosted by YouTube, produced by S Husak 2012)

A special Christmas treat! Here is another excellent educational video produced by our awesome medical students from Edmonton. The video is '', by Chris Dyte and Muhammed Dhalla. (Video hosted by YouTube, produced by Dyte & Dhalla 2012)

Happy Holidays!  Dear Surgery 101 Friends What a year 2012 has been – lots of adventures, plus we survived the Mayan Apocalypse! This year has seen some big developments for the S101 team, and even more are coming in 2013.We wish all of our listeners around the world a happy and restful Christmas, and a peaceful and prosperous New Year! Thanks for all your support, and see you in 2013! Jonathan White

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White considers the ileo-anal pouch procedure for ulcerative colitis. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: • List the indications for IAPP surgery • Describe what information a patient needs to know about IAPP • Describe the functional outcomes of IAPP surgery

Our paper on the use of written comments in assessing medical students has just been published! The full title is: “Using written comments in team-based assessment to better understand medical student performance: a mixed-methods study” Here is the abstract: Background Observation of the performance of medical students in the clinical environment is a key part of assessment and learning. To date, few authors have examined written comments provided to students and considered what aspects of observed performance they represent. The aim of this study was to examine the quantity and quality of written comments provided to medical students by different assessors using a team-based model of assessment, and to determine the aspects of medical student performance on which different assessors provide comments. Methods Medical students on a 7-week General Surgery & Anesthesiology clerkship received written comments on ‘Areas of Excellence’ and ‘Areas for Improvement’ from physicians, residents, nurses, patients, peers and administrators. Mixed-methods were used to analyze the quality and quantity of comments provided and to generate a conceptual framework of observed student performance. Results 1,068 assessors and 127 peers provided 2,988 written comments for 127 students, a median of 188 words per student divided into 26 “Areas of Excellence” and 5 “Areas for Improvement”. Physicians provided the most comments (918), followed by patients (692) and peers (586); administrators provided the fewest (91). The conceptual framework generated contained four major domains: ‘Student as Physician-in-Training’, ‘Student as Learner’, ‘Student as Team Member’, and ‘Student as Person.’ Conclusions A wide range of observed medical student performance is recorded in written comments provided by members of the surgical healthcare team. Different groups of assessors provide comments on different aspects of student performance, suggesting that comments provided from a single viewpoint may potentially under-represent or overlook some areas of student performance. We hope that the framework presented here can serve as a basis to better understand what medical students do every day, and how they are perceived by those with whom they work. The provisional PDF is up now at – enjoy!

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White considers surgery for ulcerative colitis. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: • List the emergent, urgent and planned indications for surgery in UC • Explain the difference between an abdominal colectomy and a panproctocolectomy • Describe the fate of the retained rectum in UC

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White considers surgery for Crohn’s disease. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: • list the indications for surgery in Crohn’s disease • Outline the operative challenges of Crohn’s disease surgery • Explain the role of surgery in recurrent Crohn’s disease

  In this episode, Dr Jonathan White considers the surgical approach to inflammatory bowel disease. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to:   ·      Describe the surgeon’s approach performing surgery on patients with IBD ·      List some of the challenges of operating on IBD ·      Differentiate between the surgical approach to CD and UC ·      Outline the goals of surgery in IBD, and discriminate between emergency, urgent and elective IBD surgery  

Here are the results for the Surgery 101 Survey! The winners are: Mike Wong Kate Elzinga Images

In this episode, Dr Lana Bistritz considers the use of biological agents in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: Explain when biologic agents should be considered List three biologic agents used in the management of inflammatory bowel disease Describe common adverse effects of biological agents used in the management of inflammatory bowel disease List three current controversies relating to the use of biological agents  (right-click to download)  

Watch this to learn how to use the Surgery 101 Network. To view within the app, click on 'Episode Links' or the little 'e' at the bottom right.

In this episode, Dr Lana Bistritz considers the initial medical management of inflammatory bowel disease. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: List factors influencing the choice of treatment Describe the goals of therapy in the management of inflammatory bowel disease, discriminating between induction and maintenance of remission. Describe the indications for 5-ASAs, steroid s and immunomodulators in the management of inflammatory bowel disease Describe the adverse effects of 5-ASAs, steroids and immunomodulators used in the management of inflammatory bowel disease   Running time 16:46

In this episode, Dr Lana Bistritz considers inflammatory bowel disease. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: Describe the epidemiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease List risk factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease Describe the common symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease List common investigations used to make the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease List the cardinal features and complications of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis Running time: 21:20

This week Surgery 101 is hosting another excellent educational video produced by our amazing medical students in Edmonton. The video is 'Tube Thoracostomy / Chest Tube Insertion', by Keerit Tauh & Kevin Desmarais. YouTube links: (Video hosted by YouTube, produced by Tauh & Desmarais 2012)

This week Surgery 101 is hosting another excellent educational video produced by one of our amazing medical students from Edmonton. The video is 'Surgery Aseptic Techniques', by Timothy Chan. (Video hosted by YouTube, produced by T Chan 2012) For users of the app, please access the video through Episode Links (iPad) or the little 'e' in the bottom right corner of this post (iPhone).

Our paper on shadowing for medical students is published in Medical Teacher!

We have had a few questions from our users about how to play the new video episodes and embedded YouTube links from right within the Surgery 101 app. Here is how (mouse over each yellow arrow for instructions):

In this video episode, Dr Jonathan White provides a short guide to the new features of the Surgery 101 website on Wordpress. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to use the following features of the new site: mini-courses search episode navigation and playback tags and the tag cloud commenting social networking app purchase Running time 07:25

Thanks for supporting SURGERY 101! We are working with the School of Business at the University of Alberta to develop a plan which will allow us to keep providing Surgery 101 on a sustainable basis. We are asking our users to complete to let us know how you are using Surgery 101, and to tell us what you think of our plans for the future. The URL for the survey is : It should take less than 3 minutes to complete the survey, so please fill it out NOW! Two participants responding to this survey will be selected at random, and each will win a $25 gift certificate for iTunes. (Note: we will never share your email address with any other organization, and will only use it to contact you about Surgery 101.)

The amazing Surgery 101 Team has been working hard behind the scenes and have finally located all of the missing Surgery 101 Notes! Congrats to Katrina and Shannon for all their hard work, and thanks also to Baby Batman and Teeny Catwoman for their help! The episodes are shown below, just click to go the . Surgery 101 Notes is available to subscribers for $4.99 per year through (click on ‘Get Premium Access’)

Please try out our new S101 website at: http://surgery101.wordpress.com/

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This week Surgery 101 is featuring an excellent educational video produced by two of our amazing medical students from Edmonton. The video is , by Sebastian Vrouwe & Adam Hall () The TinyURL is:   http://tinyurl.com/subcutic After watching this video, learners will be able to: explain indications for using a subcuticular suture demonstrate instruments need and basic technique for placing a subcuticular suture Highlight common mistakes made by trainees It has already been watched more than 21,000 times and has been called "best subQ vid on youtube right now"(Video hosted by YouTube, produced by Vrouwe and Hall 2011, music by Aphex Twin used under fair use provisions for educational purposes)

  In this episode, Dr Parveen Boora considers how Surgery 101 got started. Running time 8:43

Update: if you are having trouble downloading Surgery 101 for your Android phone, the link on Handster is below:

  In this episode, Dr Jonathan White discusses how to treat the patient who presents with an anal fistula. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Describe how to determine the goals of treatment for the patient with an anal fistula Explain the meaning of the following terms: fistulotomy, seton suture Explain the difference between primary and secondary tracks Describe the use of tissue glue, fistula plug and advancement flaps in the treatment of anal fistula   Running time 16:59

  In this episode, Dr Jonathan White discusses how to assess the patient who presents with an anal fistula. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Describe the important elements in the history and physical examination in the assessment of the patient with an anal fistula Discriminate between simplex and complex anal fistulas Explain when to order an MRI to assess an anal fistula Explain how to assess an anal fistula in the operating room, and explain Goodsall’s rule Running time 20:34

  In this episode, Dr Jonathan White discusses basic concepts and anatomy relating to anal fistula. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define what an anal fistula is Describe the clinical presentation of the patient with an anal fistula Outline the important anatomical landmarks of the anal canal and draw the ‘owl’ and ‘cucumber’ diagrams Explain how an anal fistula forms List the four common types of anal fistulas   Running time 21:09

In this episode, Dr Mark Joffe discusses the need for hand hygiene in hospitals and in surgery. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: explain the importance of hand hygiene in preventing the spread of infection describe the evidence for the effectiveness of hand hygiene identify alcohol-based handrubs as preferable to handwashing using sinks list the 4 moments of hand hygiene explain how to use "Way In Way Out" in practising hand hygiene Running time 24:23

In this episode, Dr Parveen Boora discusses peptic ulcer disease. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Describe the pathophysiology and common risk factors associated with peptic ulcer disease Describe the common non-acute clinical presentation of patients with peptic ulcer disease List three more complicated presentations of peptic ulcer disease Briefly outline the medical and surgical management of peptic ulcer disease Running time 15:41

  In this episode, Dr Jeff Pugh and Mitch Wilson, discuss hydrocephalus.   After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:   ·      Define the term ‘hydrocephalus' and list three mechanisms by which hydrocephalus can develop. ·      Describe the signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus and describe common diagnostic tests. ·      Outline the surgical options for the management of hydrocephalus.   Running time 16:40

In this episode, Dr Jeff Pugh and Mitch Wilson discuss increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in adults. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: List the contents of the cranium Outline the major causes of increased intracranial pressure Describe the signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure Outline the medical and surgical management of the patient with increased intracranial pressure   Running time 15:33

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White provides tips to help students show what they know in the Surgery OSCE. Running time 7:08

In this episode, Dr. Keith Rourke discusses urinary incontinence in adults. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define and describe stress, urge, overflow, and total incontinence. Perform the basic evaluation of an incontinent patient. Describe the medical and surgical treatment options for stress incontinence. Describe the medical treatment options for urge incontinence and overactive bladder.   Running time 20:59  

In this episode, Dr. Keith Rourke discusses prostatitis and pelvic pain. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define and list the signs and symptoms of prostatitis syndrome. Describe the key differences between acute and chronic prostatitis. Outline the treatment options for chronic prostatitis and male chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Running time 17:53  

  In this episode, Dr Jonathan White considers the Objective Structured Clinical Examination in Surgery.   Topics covered include:   What is an OSCE? How is an OSCE constructed? Different types of OSCE stations Single-construct vs integrated stations Simulated patients Checklists and ratings scales Running time 9:32

In this episode, Dr Tammy Morris discusses tips to stay on your feet in the OR.   After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Understand the factors that contribute to students passing out in the operating room. Be able to list several methods that students can employ to avoid fainting in the OR. Be able to describe the steps one should follow if one does feel faint in the OR. Be able to enter the surgery clerkship with a good understanding of the above objectives so that they will have diminished anxiety upon starting the clerkship. Running time 17:20  

  In this episode, Dr. Kamran Fathimani discusses how to interpret abdominal X-rays.   After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: list the common indications for abdominal X-ray. describe a simple system for abdominal X-ray interpretation. recognize common abnormalities on abdominal X-ray including bowel obstruction, free air and air-fluid levels. Running time 13:21

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White reflects on his training and career to date in surgery and education, both in the UK and in Canada. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: outline the role of serendipity in determining the trajectory of a individual's career in medicine. list some of the factors which may be useful in preparing for future unexpected changes in career direction. acknowledge differences in surgical training and practice between the UK and Canada. Running time 22:44

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White discusses the topic of disruptive innovation and how it can be applied to healthcare and medical education. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: define disruptive innovation explain how the principles of disruptive innovation may be applied to healthcare and medical education express a positive attitiude to innovation and change Running time 20:01

In this episode, Dr Matt Hudson discusses transitioning into residency from medical school and making the most of your first year of surgical residency. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Be prepared for the first few months of residency Have some tips on how to be productive on the wards Have some tips on how to learn in the OR and in the lab Running time 14:47

In this episode, Dr. Simon Turner discusses the diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax.   After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Explain what a pneumothorax is Classify a pneumothorax by cause and by physiological effect Describe how a simple pneumothorax is treated Describe how a tension pneumothorax is treated Describe the steps involved in inserting a chest tube   Running time:12:54

In this episode, Aaron Banmann discusses the diagnosis and management of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define what an aneurysm is Describe how an aneurysm develops and list the risk factors for aneurysmal disease Describe how a patient with an AAA can present Outline how the diagnosis of AAA is made Describe the surgical treatment of an AAA Running time: 15:30  

  In this episode, Dr. Art Plewes discusses the management of fecal incontinence.   After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:   Describe non-surgical measures used to treat the patient with fecal incontinence Describe the operations used to treat the patient with fecal incontinence Running time 14:46

  In this episode, Dr. Art Plewes discusses fecal incontinence.   After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:   Describe the important elements of the history and physical examination in the patient with fecal incontinence, focusing particularly on the impact on the patient’s life Outline the investigations which are used to assess the patient with fecal incontinence   Running time 14:56

  In this episode, Dr. Art Plewes discusses the basics of rectal prolapse.   After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:   Describe the common symptoms associated with rectal prolapse Outline how to recognize a rectal prolapse on physical examination Discriminate between the different operations for the repair of rectal prolapse and describe how an operative approach is decided upon Running time 13:11

http://tinyurl.com/7nohmub

In this episode, Dr David Al-Adra discusses the role of islet cell transplantation in the treatment of diabetes. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: list the complications of diabetes outline the indications for alternative (non insulin replacement) treatment of diabetes describe islet cell transplanation outine the advantages and disadvantages of islet cell transplanation Running time 14:54

In this episode, Alexis Ford discusses the anatomy of the thyroid gland. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: describe the anatomy and embryology of the thyroid gland describe the blood supply and nervous supply of the thyroid gland explain the relationship between the thryoid and parathyroid glands Running time 14:24

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White considers what he learned from leading two surgery clerkships for 5 years, and offers tips to others starting out as clerkship directors. Running time 18:14

Today we launched the Surgery 101 app and Surgery 101 Notes, and got featured on a local TV station and on the web! :) Links below: Edmonton Journal - Global TV Edmonton - Metro News - 24 Hours Edmonton - (page 3) Original TV story: App Store link: Express News -

In this episode, Dr Jeff Harris and Dr Peter Dziegielewski discuss the emergency complications of thyroid surgery. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to:  list three serious complications of thyroid surgery describe the diagnosis and initial management of severe hypercalcemia, neck hematoma and bilateral vocal cord paralysis Running time 26:41  

To celebrate the launch of the Surgery 101 app and Surgery 101 Notes, we are providing all of our iisteners with a free sample set of Surgery 101 Notes from one of our earliest episodes: Appendicitis. To get the PDF for this episode, just click the PDF link below.

Dr Jonathan White makes a special announcment about the new Surgery 101 app for the iPhone and Android phones, and about Surgery 101 Notes. Please support Surgery 101! Our new website can be accessed at and

  In this episode, Dr Jonathan White provides tips on how medical students can most effectively demonstrate their knowledge on a multiple choice examination.   Topics covered include: Stems, items and distractors Clinical vignettes Tips for doing well on the MCQ Running time: 8:25      

  In this episode, Dr Jonathan White describes how multiple choice examinations for medical students are constructed.   Topics covered include: Learning objectives and exam blueprints Item difficulty Principles of exam construction   Running time: 8:21

  In this episode, Dr Jonathan White considers the various techniques used in assessing medical students.   Topics covered include: The ideal assessment technique The multiple choice examination The objective structured clinical examination Workplace-based assessment Running time: 8:55

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White considers the principles used in assessing medical students.   Topics covered include: "Assessment drives learning" Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes Learning Objectives Examination blueprints Standard-setting   Running time: 8:51

 In this episode, Dr Jonathan White considers: “what is Surgery 101?” and “what is the best way to use Surgery 101?”   Running time: 5:57

In this episode, patient Kelvin tells us about his experiences of being diagnosed with and treated for cancer. Running time 18:27

In this episode, patient Shelly tells us about her experiences of being diagnosed with and treated for cancer.

Hi there I've just done a follow-up to last year's talk on Surgery and the Singularity, entitled 'Technology and the Body'. You can check it out here: Best wishes Jon

  In this episode Dr Jonathan White discusses the diagnosis and management of recurrent cancer. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: explain the concepts of cancer cure and recurrence explain the concept of 5-year survival list the tests that can be used to re-stage disease recurrence describe how a patient with a cancer recurrence is managed Running time 15:39

In this episode Dr Jonathan White discusses follow-up care for patients who have had cancer surgery. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: explain the purpose of follow-up for the cancer patient list four main methods of cancer follow-up and describe how each is used Running time 13:18

    In this episode Dr Jonathan White discusses the post-operative pathology report and adjuvant treatment After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: explain how definitive staging information is obtained, and describe synoptic reporting interpret the key elements of a pathology report and explain them to a patient explain the purpose of adjuvant treatment for cancer, and describe the factors considered when deciding to give adjuvant treatment outline the role of the Tumour Board in planning adjuvant treatment for cancer differentiate between the morphology of a tumour and its biological behaviour Running time 17:51

TO ALL LISTENERS Thanks to Sarah at Libsyn for restoring access to all of our older episodes! You can now download away! Jon

Over the last few days, we have been receiving reports that some of our older episodes have not been available for download. We are working with Libsyn to resolve this issue without delay, so please check back later this week for the episodes you are looking for! You can email us at surgerypodcast@gmail.com if you have questions or concerns The Surgery 101 Team

In this episode Dr Jonathan White discusses the cancer operation. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: explain the importance of deciding on resectability and goals of surgery list the key parts of a cancer operation explain the use of frozen section and outline the concept of R0, R1 and R2 resection describe a typical post-operative discussion with the patient having cancer surgery Running time 13:15

In this episode Dr Jonathan White discusses staging in patients undergoing cancer surgery. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: explain the purpose of staging outline how a cancer spreads list common imaging modalities used in staging describe at least two systems of cancer staging, including the TNM staging system be aware of the limitations of pre-operative staging Running time 11:46

In this episode Dr Jonathan White discusses the general approach to making a diagnosis in patients undergoing cancer surgery. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: list the four most common cancers briefly outline how to counsel a patient with suspected cancer explain the importance of diagnostic tests and pre-operative biopsy describe some basic steps in communicating a cancer diagnosis Running time 15:17

In this episode Dr Leah Gramlich discusses parenteral nutrition. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: list the components of parenteral nutrition list the indications for parenteral nutrition outline common delivery methods of parenteral nutrition and describe when each is used list the complications of parenteral nutrition describe how parenteral nutrition prescriptions are tailored for individual patients Running time 15:38

In this episode Dr Troy Bornes discusses the diagnosis and management of patients with fractures of the hip. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: describe the typical mechanism of hip fracture list the risk factors for hip fracture outline how hip fractures are classified, distinguishing intra-capsular from extra-capsular fractures describe how patients with hip fractures are assessed and managed outline the outcomes of hip fracture treatment Running time 12:15

In this episode Dr Dennis Djogovic discusses the treatment of shock. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: define "shock" list the four categories of shock outline common causes of shock describe treatment of the patient with shock Running time 16:33

A special enhanced podcast episode, with a presentation from the recent Technology & the Future of Medicine course at the University of Alberta. Format: enhanced podcast, best viewed using iTunes (click in the Now Playing window at bottom left to see images). Please note that all views expressed are Dr White's, and that any images displayed are used for educational purposes under the protection of fair use; all copyrights remain with the original copyright holders.

In this episode Alyzee Sibtain discusses the diagnosis and management of patients with bowel obstruction. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: recoginse the signs and symptoms of small bowel obstruction and large bowel obstruction and relate them to the underlying pathophysiology describe how to investigate the patient with bowel obstruction describe typical X-ray changes in the patient with bowel obstruction outline the initial management of the the patient with bowel obstruction list indications for surgery in the patient with bowel obstruction Running time 17:35

In this episode Todd Penney discusses the diagnosis and management of patients with pilonidal sinus. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: explain what a pilonidal sinus is outline the pathophysiology and risk factors for pilonidal sinus disease describe the symptoms and signs of pilonidal sinus disease list the treatment options for the patient with pilonidal sinus disease Running time 15:41

In this episode (part 2 of 2), surgeons, residents and medical students discuss why they chose to pursue a career in surgery. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: list common reasons for considering a career in surgery Running time 19:12 Music courtesy of Christopher R. Baker 
(used under a Creative Commons License).

In this episode (part 1 of 2), surgeons, residents and medical students discuss why they chose to pursue a career in surgery. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: list common reasons for considering a career in surgery Running time 17:09 Music courtesy of Christopher R. Baker 
(used under a Creative Commons License).

In this episode, Dr Shaheed Merani discusses the principles of informed consent. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: list the components of informed consent Outline the information which must be provided to a patient who is giving informed consent Describe how informed consent can be documented Explain how consent is handled in the unconscious patient who needs life-saving surgery Running time 22:46

In this episode, Kevin Mowbrey discusses the basic management of a patient with a wound. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: describe the important elements of the history and physical examination in the patient with a wound explain how a wound should be prepared for closure list the three general methods of wound closure Running time 11:06

Medical Teacher just published our paper on Surgery 101! Here are the links:

In this episode, Kevin Mowbrey discusses the physiology of wound healing. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: outline how the body responds to a wound list the three stages of wound healing explain the processes, cell types, and duration of each phase of wound healing Running time 11:59

Dear Surgery 101 listenersI gave a rather unusual talk last week on the U of A's Technology & the Future of Medicine course at the U of A entitled: "A Biological Repairman's Reflections on the Coming Singularity". Essentially, it's a look forward at what rapidly advancing technologies may do to our ideas about the body, surgery and life in general between now and 2050. The course organizers are promoting the course by posting the talks on YouTube, so if you want to take a look, it's at the link below - feel free to distribute/share as you see fit. Best wishesDr Jonathan White

In this episode, Dr Keith Rourke discusses genito-urinary trauma.  After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: list some of the causes of hematuria in the setting of a suspected genito-urinary injury outline the investigations required of these patients describe the basic management of a patient with renal, bladder, urethral and external genital trauma Run time 16:22

In this podcast, Dr Keith Rourke discusses the signs, symptoms and the differential diagnosis of an acute kidney stone episode.  After listening, learners will be able to: describe some of the imaging studies available to diagnose renal and ureteral calculi list the classes of some of the medications effective for treating the pain of renal colic discuss some of the treatment options for all calculi describe some of the basic principles of stone prevention Running time 19:44

In this episode, Dr Keith Rourke discusses scrotal pathologies.  After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: list the common conditions that lead to both painless and acutely painful scrotal swelling describe how to investigate a scrotal mass outline scrotal conditions that require urgent urological assessment Running time 14:16  

In this episode, Dr Keith Rourke discusses the diagnosis and management of erectile dysfunction. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: define erectile dysfunction outline its diagnosis, and the risk factors associated with the condition list the first, second, and third line treatment options for ED discuss the contraindications to the use of PDE-5 inhibitor Running time 14:45

In this episode, Dr Keith Rourke discusses the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: discuss early detection of prostate cancer explain what PSA is list the treatment options for prostate cancer in its early and advanced forms explain how spinal cord compression can occur in the setting of metastases Running time 16:40

In this episode, Dr Keith Rourke discusses urinary tract infections.   After listening to this episode, listeners will be able to: - describe the signs, symptoms and treatment of bacterial cystitis and pilonephritis - develop an approach to treating patients with both complicated and asymptomatic urinary tract infections - discuss the treatment of patients with recurrent bacterial cystitis - describe the diagnosis and treatment of patients with an obstructed urinary tract infections   Running time 17:12

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White discusses how students can maximize learning from their surgical cases. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: describe tips for practising your history-taking, physical examination and consultation skills list some simple tools that can enhance learning outline effective study strategies that can be applied in clerkship explain how to be a self-directed learner describe how to learn from the patients you see Running time 18:23

In this episode, Simon Byrns discusses rounding on surgical patients. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: describe why rounds are important and what they must produce explain how to prepare for rounding in surgery list common questions to ask the surgery patient and describe how to examine the surgery patient write up daily progress notes and orders using SOAP and DAVID outline how to share findings with the rest of the surgical healthcare team Running time 16:18

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White discusses how students can make the most of learning in the surgical clinic. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Explain the role of outpatient/clinic work in surgical practice List the opportunities and challenges of learning in this environment Describe simple tips for maximizing learning in this environment Outline the use of SNAPPS in outpatients Running time 22:12

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White offers tips on how students should present their surgical cases to the surgical team. After listening to this podcast, learners should be able to: explain why presentation skills are important on the surgery team demonstrate a simple strategy to summarize the key points of a surgical case succinctly distinguish between presenting as Recorder, Interpreter and Manager Running time 21:51  

In this special episode, Dr Jonathan White presents Grand Rounds in Surgery from the Department of Surgery at the University of Alberta on September 9, 2011 on the topic of "The Future of Surgical Education". Running time 43:16. Format: enhanced podcast, best viewed using iTunes (click in the Now Playing window at bottom left to see images). Please note that all views expressed are Dr White's, and that any images displayed are used for educational purposes under the protection of fair use; all copyrights remain with the original copyright holders. Updated version September 15, 2011: images should now display properly.

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White discusses how to use the findings of history & physical examination to make a diagnosis, order tests and generate a treatment plan for the surgical patient. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to:     •    Describe the RIME framework of medical student development.     •    Describe how to make a differential diagnosis using key features and medical knowledge.     •    List the common tests employed in surgical diagnosis, and explain their rational use.     •    Use the DAVID framework to make a treatment plan.     •    Describe how a consult note is written. Running time 22:08

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White discusses the abdominal examination. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to:     •    Explain how to prepare for the abdominal examination     •    Describe the IPPA system of abdominal examination     •    Describe a number of simple tips to improve each step of the abdominal examination Running time 20:15

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White discusses the approach to examining the surgical patient. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: Explain the role of physical examination in the diagnostic process Describe how to alleviate patients' concerns about physical examination Outline the sequence of steps in a typical physical examination Describe the importance of observation, vital signs and analgesia in the physical examination Describe the importance of having a systematic approach to the physical examination Running time 19:25

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White discusses how students can improve their surgical history-taking skills. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: describe a general approach to the surgery consult explain the importance of focus in the surgical history list the main elements of the surgical history identify aspects of each part of the history which are of special importance in the surgical patient Running time 19:28

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White provides tips for maximizing the learning of students working on the surgical team. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: list 12 tips for getting the most out of your time in the surgery clerkship by enhancing learning, being a better team member and learning around your patients Running time 13:53

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White provides a guide for students learning in the operating room. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: explain why medical students have to go to the OR describe the role of the student in the OR before, during and after the operation describe the three domains of learning in the OR Running time 18:23

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White provides a guide for students working on the surgical team. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: describe the role of students on the team describe how students integrate into the surgical team differentiate 'education' from 'service' and define the term "scut work" explain the importance of supervision describe the challenges and opportunities of the "surgical culture" Running time 13:42

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White provides an introduction to the surgery clerkship. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: describe what a surgery clerkship is explain the purpose of the surgery clerkship list the 3 different types of students who are in the surgery clerkship describe what students are supposed to learn in the surgery clerkship Running time 16:06  

In this episode, Dr Sukhdeep Dulai discusses how to manage the child who presents with a limp. After listening to this podcast, learners should be able to: describe the important elements of the history in the child with a limp describe the important elements of physical examination in the child with a limp list the common causes of limp in a child, discriminating between urgent and less urgent causes outline the treatment of the conditions causing limp in a child Running time 23:18

In this episode, Dr Chris DeGara discusses evidence-based medicine and its use in surgery. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: explain the purpose of evidence in medicine list the different levels of evidence list the different grades of recommendations outline the challenges of obtaining evidence when comparing surgical treatments describe some factors which influence the adoption of evidence in practice Running time 15:18

In this episode, Ameer Farooq discusses surgery of the parotid gland. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: describe the anatomy and function of the parotid gland list the common causes of parotid gland swelling outline the important features of the history and physical examination in the patient with a parotid swelling describe the treatment of parotid gland swellings, including the complications of surgery Running time 14:14

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White discusses recent changes in surgical training. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: describe the features of traditional surgical training outline the advantages and disadvantages of traditional surgical training describe recent changes in the ways that physicians are trained list potential challenges these changes may pose to surgical training outline possible solutions to these challenges Running time 21:48

In this episode, Dr Ruth McGaffigan discusses trauma in the pregnant patient. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: describe the assessment and initial management of the pregnant trauma patient outline the changes in bloodwork that are expected to be observed in pregnancy describe the factors which should be considered when ordering X-rays in the pregnant woman  outline the special considerations in anesthesia and surgery in pregnancy Running time 15:15  

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White discusses the topic of enterocutaneous fistula. After listening to this podcast, learners should be able to: define what a fistula is describe how to recognize an enterocutaneous fistula list the common causes of enterocutaneous fistula outline the physiological consquences associated with enterocutaneous fistula explain the principles of management of enterocutaneous fistula using the SNAP principle Running time 18:51  

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White explains the topic of damage control surgery. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: explain the concepts underlying damage control surgery list the factors which increase mortality in patients undergoing major emergency surgery describe the important elements of a damage control operation Running time 16:33    

In this episode Dr Dereck Mok discusses the topic of hemorrhoids. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: explain the difference between internal and external hemorrhoids list the common symptoms associated with hemorrhoids outline the important aspects of the history and physical examination in patients with hemorrhoids explain how hemorrhoids are graded describe the management options for the patient with hemorrhoids Running time 23:21

In this episode, Dr Marcia Clark discusses "the nine orthopedic emergencies". After listening to this podcast, learners should be able to identify the urgency of the following conditions, and describe how to recognize each: 1. the septic joint 2. neurovascular compromise to a limb 3. compartment syndrome 4. avascular necrosis 5. progressive neurological deficit 6. dislocated joint 7. the open fracture 8. cauda equina syndrome 9. hemodynamic instability in the trauma patient Running time 14:26

In this episode, Dr Dan Birch gives an introduction to the principles of minimally invasive surgery. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: define minimally invasive surgery list common operations carried out using a minimally invasive approach describe some of the benefits of minimally invasive surgery outline the ways that minimally invasive surgery has changed how the operating room works outline the impact of minimally invasive surgery on the training of surgeons Running time 23:23

In this episode, Dr Shahzeer Karmali discusses surgery for the treatment of morbid obesity. After listening to this podcast, learners should be able to: describe recent changes in body weight in the North American population list the diseases associated with morbid obesity define the terms 'overweight', 'obese' and 'severely obese' outline the principles of treatment of morbid obesity outline the principles of surgery for morbid obesity list three operations for morbid obesity describe the evidence base for morbid obesity surgery Running time 23:53 Extra: link to ''

In this episode, Dr Chris DeGara discusses soft tissue sarcoma. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: list the common types of adult soft tissue sarcoma describe common location and patterns of spread of soft tissue sarcoma describe how soft tissue sarcoma is diagnosed outline the principles of treatment of soft tissue sarcoma Running time 15:36

There is now a little TV program all about the Surgery 101 team - enjoy! http://www.albertaprimetime.com/Stories.aspx?pd=2292

In this episode, Dr Dan Schiller discusses how to manage the patient with an enlarged lymph node. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: list the areas of the body in which lymph nodes are palpable list the common causes of lymph node enlargement describe the important elements of history and physical examination in the patient with an enlarged lymph node outline the treatement of the patient with an enlarged lymph node Running time: 15:41    

In this episode, Dr David Saliken discusses the topic of compartment syndrome of the limb. After listening to this episode, listeners should be able to: define compartment syndrome and explain why it is a surgical emergency describe the typical presentation of a patient with compartment syndrome outline the treatment of a patient with compartment syndrome list the complications of compartment syndrome Running time: 15:29      

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White discusses missed appendicitis. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: differentiate between simple acute appendicitis and missed appendicitis describe the typical history and physical exam findings in the patient with missed appendicitis describe indications for operative and non-operative management of missed appendicitis list the factors which should be considered when considering interval appendectomy Running time: 18:58    

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White reviews the basic concepts relating to the diagnosis, staging and treatment of rectal cancer. After listening to this podcast, learners should be able to: list the typical symptoms of rectal cancer explain the importance of rectal examination in diagnosis outline how rectal cancer is staged describe the information considered when planning treatment for rectal cancer list the operations performed for rectal cancer list the important outcomes of rectal cancer surgery Running time 28:19    

In this episode, Dr Dan Schiller addresses the topic of periampullary and pancreatic cancers. After listening to this podcast, listeners should be able to: explain why doctors need to know about periampullary and pancreatic cancers describe the typical clinical presentation of periampullary and pancreatic cancers list the important features of the history and physical in periampullary and pancreatic cancers outline the treatment and prognosis of patients with periampullary and pancreatic cancers Running time:25:22    

We have had a little attention in the media this week, so we thought we should provide a list of all the places where we have noticed Surgery 101 popping up. Enjoy! Jon

In this episode, Dr Stewart Hamilton discusses the topic of diverticular disease. After listening to this podcast, learners should be able to: outline the etiology and epidemiology of diverticular disease differentiate between asymptomatic, symptomatic and complicated diverticular disease describe the presentation of the patient with diverticular bleeding, diverticulitis, fistula formation and diverticular stricture describe the Hinchey classification scheme for diverticulitis describe the medical and surgical management of diverticular disease   Running time 24:56

In this episode, Dr Allan Ho discusses his approach to the ear and to patients with hearing loss. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to:     •    describe a simple framework for approaching patients with ear problems     •    outline the important features of the history in patients with hearing loss     •    list four important steps in examination of the ear Running time 13:38

In this episode, Dr Cian O'Kelly covers the topic of carotid stenosis. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to:     •    describe the symptoms which are associated with carotid stenosis     •    describe the epidemiology of carotid stenosis and stroke     •    discriminate between a stroke and a transient ischemic attack     •    outline the management of patients with symptomatic and  asymptomatic carotid stenosis     •    describe the medical and surgical management of patients with carotid stenosis Running time: 14:42

In this episode, Dr Cian O'Kelly covers the topic of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: list the risk factors for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. describe the typical presentation of the patient with a spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. describe the prognosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. outline the management and investigation of the patient with a spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. list the indications for surgery in the patient with a spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Running time: 12:12

In this episode, Dr Cian O'Kelly discusses subarachnoid hemorrhage. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: list the risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage and describe the mortality and morbidity of the condition describe the classical presentation of the patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage list the tests required to make the diagnosis outline the treatment of the patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to intra-cranial aneurysm list the complications associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage   Running time 13:21

In this episode, Dr Max Findlay discusses how to assess the patient in a coma. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: describe the signs of life-threatening coma differentiate global causes of coma from focal causes of coma outline four essential steps in examining a comatose patient Running time 13:39

In this episode, Dr Darci Kiddoo addresses the topics of pediatric urinary incontinence and pediatric urinary tract infection. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: list the causes of urinary incontinence in children describe how to assess the child with urinary incontinence outline features of the presentation which suggest a sinister cause of incontinence describe the treatment of urinary incontinence in children list factors predisposing to urinary tract infection in children describe how to assess the child with urinary tract infection outline the investigation of urinary tract infection in children  describe the treatment of urinary tract infection in children Running time: 16:51

In this episode, Dr Darci Kiddoo addresses the topics of antenatal hydronephrosis & vesico-ureteric reflux. By the end of this podcast, learners will be able to: list the causes of antenatal hydronephrosis outline the investigation of the child with antenatal hydronephrosis describe the treatment of simple, unilateral antenatal hydronephrosis define vesico-ureteric reflux list the causes of vesico-ureteric reflux outline the investigation of the child with vesico-ureteric reflux describe the treatment of uncomplicated vesico-ureteric reflux Running time: 10:58  

In this episode, Dr Steve Meyer reviews the role of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: define coronary artery disease describe the important outcomes of treatment for coronary artery disease list the recent important trials comparing the role of CABG to other interventional treatments list the groups of patients for whom CABG is the preferred treatment choice Running time 13:04

In this episode, Dr Roderick MacArthur discusses the condition of aortic dissection. Listen and learn about: the classical clinical picture of aortic dissection how to make the diagnosis pathophysiology of Type A and Type B dissections immediate management of the patient with a dissection principles of surgery for aortic dissection Running time 14:38 Note: there is some variation of volume in this recording, you may need to crank up the sound in places.

In this episode, Dr James Shapiro discusses pancreatic cancer. Listen and learn: incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer types of pancreatic cancer molecular biology of pancreatic cancer common symptoms of the condition patient work-up in suspected pancreatic cancer management of resectable and non-resectable disease other pancreatic tumours: neuroendocrine tumours and cystic neoplasms Running time: 25:37

In this episode, Dr James Shapiro discusses liver transplantation. Topics covered include: the history of transplantation indications for liver transplant including acute liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma selection of recipients and donors surgical approaches for liver transplantation post-operative complications immunosuppression after liver transplant long term outcomes Running time: 27:03  

In the episode Dr Steve Meyer talks about heart transplantation. Topics covered include: epidemiology of heart transplantation indications for heart transplantation selection of recipients and donors post-operative complications long term outcomes Running time: 12:24

In this episode, Dr Cliff Sample discusses the topic of post-operative complications. Listen and learn: what sorts of post-op problems you will be called about on the surgical wards how to handle a post-op fever dealing with the post-op patient who has shortness of breath managing post-op chest pain assessing the patient with post-op delirium how to manage a wound dehiscence dealing with post-op oliguria (low urinary output) Running time: 25:14  

In this episode, Dr James Shapiro discusses surgery of the spleen. Topics covered include: structure and function of the spleen indications for splenectomy preparing a patient for splenectomy surgical approach to the spleen & complications of splenectomy splenic artery aneurysm OPSI (overwhelming post splenectomy infection) Running time: 24:02

In this episode, Dr Bryan Dicken addresses the topic of pyloric stenosis. Listen and learn: why you need to know this what you should look for on history and physical how to treat a child with pyloric stenosis Running time 11:19

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White addresses the issue of screening for colon cancer. Who should be screened, and how should screening be performed? Learn about: how to identify patients at high, moderate and population risk of colon cancer the role of FOB testing practical advice for patients about to have a colonoscopy Running time: 28:37

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White addresses the problem of abdominal trauma. Topics covered include: assessment of the patient with abdominal trauma indications for urgent surgery uses of DL, FAST and CT scanning management of injuries to the liver, spleen, kidney, GI tract and pancreas Running time: 27:54.

In this episode, Dr Peter Metcalfe talks about common problems he encounters as a pediatric urologist. Conditions covered include: problems with the foreskin the undescended testicle hypospadias ambiguous genitalia Running time: 25:40

In this episode, Dr Jaret Olson discusses the conditions of cleft lip and palate. Learning points include: inheritance patterns of the conditions management of problems with feeding, middle ear infections, speech and facial growth Running time: 11:51

In this episode, Dr Kal Ansari tackles the common problem of epistaxis (bleeding from the nose). Listen and learn about: pathophysiology of the condition important points in the history and physical exam management of the nosebleed indications for packing and referral Running time: 14:40

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White discusses the condition of anal fissure. Listen and learn: the pathophysiology of anal fissure important points in the history and physical differential diagnosis chemical, neurological and surgical management of anal fissure Running time: 22:53

In this episode, Dr Keith Rourke discusses problems with the prostate. Listen and learn about: the symptoms of BPH key points of the history and physical investigation of BPH medical and surgical treatment of BPH Running time: 23:22

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White provides a beginner's guide to acute pancreatitis. Learning points include: Recognising the patient with pancreatitis Making the diagnosis Causes of pancreatitis How to manage the patient with pancreatitis Running time: 20:56      

In this episode, Dr Kal Ansari discusses the symptom of dizziness. Topics covered include: the causes of dizziness regulation of balance management of the patient who is dizzy Running time: 11:10  

In this episode, Dr Keith Rourke tackles the topic of hematuria. Listen and learn: how should you manage the patient with blood in their pee? where might the blood be coming from? what are the key parts of the history and physical exam? what tests are needed? Running time: 13:26

A small correction to the content of the Trauma Basics podcast - Formal chest tube placement for trauma is usually at the 5th interspace at the midaxillary line, not at the midclavicular line, as is said on the podcast. A big thanks to Jason for bringing my verbal typo to my attention.

  In this episode, Dr Parveen Boora discusses the assessment and management of the patient with a mass in the thyroid gland. Topics covered include:     Evaluating a patient with thyroid enlargement or nodules Common presentations Differential diagnosis Vital points to note on history and physical exam Main diagnostic modalities Indications for, and complications of, thyroid surgery  

A new episode covering the approach to acute gastrointestinal bleeding has been posted. Approach to initial management, differential diagnosis and planning definitive management is covered. Next week: thyroid masses...

In this episode, Dr Parveen Boora discusses acute GI bleeding.  Topics covered include: common causes of major acute GI bleeding upper GI bleeding lower GI bleeding key points in initial and definitive management focused history taking upper GI investigations lower GI investigations indications for surgery Run time - 13:25

An 18 minute podcast outlining the approach to managing major trauma is now available to download. As well, a new Breast Cancer file has been uploaded. The content is the same as the previous breast cancer podcast but the voice quality has improved. Upcoming topics: Acute GI Bleeding and Thyroid Masses Enjoy!

In this episode, Dr Parveen Boora discusses the care of major trauma victims.  Topics covered include: key elements of assessment, including history and physical exam airway and c-spine breathing chest tubes for pneumothorax circulation disability exposure and environment initiating management and investigations planning definitive management This episode on Trauma Basics has been updated to include a correction on the topic of chest tube placement. Run time - 18:06

In this episode, Dr Parveen Boora discusses breast cancer.  Topics covered include: approach to the history and physical exam of breast masses indications for breast imaging and biopsy staging invasive cancer management of breast cancer surgery for primary tumors surgery for axillary tumors post-operative therapy Run time - 16:42

In this episode, Dr Parveen Boora discusses bowel obstructions.  Topics covered include: what is meant by a bowel obstruction the different causes of bowel obstruction gallstone ileus large bowel obstruction pediatric bowel obstruction history and physical exam labs and diagnostic imaging the approach to management Run time - 14:45

In this episode, Dr Parveen Boora discusses colorectal cancer.  Topics covered include: the epidemiology and natural history of colorectal cancer rationale of screening programs signs and symptoms of the disease history and physical exam findings leading to diagnosis staging and treatment patient follow-up Run time: 13:03

In this episode, Dr Parveen Boora discusses gallstones.  Topics covered include the: epidemiology of gallstone disease pathogenesis of gallstones pathophysiology and treatment of biliary colic, cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis and cholangitis history and physical exam findings investigations laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure Run time - 14:34

In this episode, Dr Parveen Boora discusses hernias.  Topics covered include: what a hernia is and the different types of hernias anatomy and where hernias may be found risk factors complications options for treatment Run time - 10:31

Hello and welcome to our series of podcasts on topics in Surgery. We're starting with 6 podcasts on key areas of General Surgery and will be adding more as we go. Please let us know what you think in the comments!

In this episode, Dr Parveen Boora discusses acute appendicitis.  Topics covered include: the pathophysiology of the condition how acute appendicitis presents how to diagnose the disease treatment options post-op care Run time - 10:55

In this episode, Dr Jonathan White talks about the Surgery 101 series of podcasts. Find out what is it, how should you use it, and what are our plans for the future?