The IISS celebrated the 20th anniversary of its IISS Shangri-La Dialogue on 2-4 June and underlined the prime importance of in-person defence diplomacy in the region and beyond.   In this episode of Sounds Strategic, guest host James Crabtree, Executive Director, IISS–Asia, is joined by IISS experts Dr Bastian Giegerich, Dr Nigel Gould-Davies, Dr Evan A. Laksmana and Veerle Nouwens to share their reflections and key takeaways. Guest host and speakers:  James Crabtree, Executive Director, IISS–Asia | Twitter: @jamescrabtree Dr Bastian Giegerich, Director of Defence and Military Analysis  Dr Nigel Gould-Davies, Senior Fellow for Russia and Eurasia | Twitter: @Nigelgd1Dr Evan A. Laksmana, Senior Fellow for Southeast Asia Military Modernisation, IISS-Asia | Twitter: @EvanLaksmanaVeerle Nouwens, Shangri-La Dialogue Senior Fellow for Indo-Pacific Defence and Strategy | Twitter: @VeerleNouwensFurther reading:   IISS Shangri-La Dialogue 2023: IISS Shangri-La Dialogue 2023 - Asia's premier defence summit  We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.       Date of recording: 6 June 2023   Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS.  Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

At a time of ever-greater focus on the geopolitical and security dynamics of the Asia-Pacific, the importance of in-person debate among the region’s key actors is greater than ever. In the latest episode of Sounds Strategic, host Meia Nouwens is joined by James Crabtree, Dr Lynn Kuok, Aaron Connelly and Dr Ben Schreer to discuss the themes and topics at the upcoming IISS Shangri-La Dialogue, which will take place in Singapore on 2–4 June 2023. Asia’s premier security summit is a unique platform for debate, enabling government ministers and senior officials, as well as business leaders and security experts, to come together to share fresh perspectives on Asia’s developing security challenges. Our IISS experts in Singapore and Berlin address some of the key topics, including: US-China relations,major flashpoints such as Taiwan, the South China Sea and Myanmar,and the role of ASEAN, Europe and Australia. Host and speakers:   Meia Nouwens, Senior Fellow for Chinese Security and Defence Policy | Twitter: @MeiaNouwens  James Crabtree, Executive Director, IISS–Asia | Twitter: @jamescrabtree Dr Ben Schreer, Executive Director, IISS–Europe and Head, European Security and Defence Programme | Twitter: @BenSchreer Dr Lynn Kuok, Editor, Asia-Pacific Regional Security Assessment; Shangri-La Dialogue Senior Fellow | Twitter: @LynnKuok Aaron Connelly, Senior Fellow for Southeast Asian Politics and Foreign Policy | Twitter: @ConnellyAL   Further reading:  IISS Shangri-La Dialogue 2023 - Asia's premier defence summit The Adelphi Series: Australia’s Security in China’s Shadow  We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.      Date of recording: 24 March 2023      Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS.  Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In the latest episode of Sounds Strategic, Meia Nouwens is joined by to Euan Graham and Nick Childs to discuss Australia’s relationship with China, and what role AUKUS plays in Australia’s defence and alliance policy settings.   The speakers assess Australia’s policy towards China following a souring of bilateral relations and discuss what AUKUS aims to achieve in the shot and medium terms. They also touch on potential lessons for other countries of how to respond to economic and diplomatic coercive policies.  Host and speakers:  Meia Nouwens, Senior Fellow for Chinese Security and Defence Policy | Twitter: @MeiaNouwens  Dr Euan Graham, Shangri-La Dialogue Senior Fellow for Indo-Pacific Defence and Strategy | Twitter: @graham_euan Nick Childs, Senior Fellow for Naval Forces and Maritime Security | Twitter: @ChildsNJ   Further reading:  The Adelphi Series: Australia’s Security in China’s Shadow | Published on 21 March 2023   We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.    Date of recording: 24 March 2023     Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS.  Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Since the start of Russia’s war against Ukraine, the world has witnessed unprecedented sanctions against Russia, and military and humanitarian support for Ukraine against a backdrop of ongoing military campaigns and loss of civilian life. In this new Sounds Strategic episode, host Meia Nouwens is joined by Dr Nigel Gould-Davies, Maria Shagina and Franz Stefan-Gady to discuss geopolitical, economic and military takeaways from the past twelve months.Looking ahead, our experts will also share what to watch out for in 2023, and give their views on whether and end to the war this year is likely, from their respective angles of analysis. Host and speakers:   Meia Nouwens, Senior Fellow for Chinese Security and Defence Policy;  Dr Nigel Gould-Davies, Editor Strategic Survey & Senior Fellow for Russia and Eurasia;  Franz Stefan-Gady, Senior Fellow for Cyber Power and Future Conflict; Maria Shagina, Senior Fellow, Diamond-Brown Economic Sanctions, Standards and Strategy;   We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts. Date of recording: 14 February  Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS.  Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Two conflicts mark a new fault line in geopolitics. The West’s withdrawal from Afghanistan ended the two-decade ‘war on terror’. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine six months later began the first major European war since 1945 – reshaping security, driving innovation in economic statecraft and testing Russia’s cohesion. This podcast episode marks the launch of Strategic Survey 2022 with a discussion about the main themes and trends in geopolitics. Guest podcast host James Crabtree is joined by Dr Nigel Gould-Davies, Editor Strategic Survey & Senior Fellow for Russia and Eurasia, Meia Nouwens, Senior Fellow for Chinese Security and Defence Policy, and Emile Hokayem, Senior Fellow for Middle East Security. Topics discussed include:  Main themes and trends in geopolitics Russia’s war in Ukraine Middle East and North Africa Saudi Arabia’s changing foreign policy China’s military modernisation  Host and speakers:   James Crabtree, Executive Director, IISS–Asia | Twitter: @jamescrabtree | James Crabtree (iiss.org) Dr Nigel Gould-Davies, Editor Strategic Survey & Senior Fellow for Russia and Eurasia | Twitter: @Nigelgd1 | Dr Nigel Gould-Davies (iiss.org) Meia Nouwens, Senior Fellow for Chinese Security and Defence Policy | Twitter: @MeiaNouwens | Meia Nouwens (iiss.org) Emile Hokayem, Senior Fellow for Middle East Security | Twitter: @emile_hokayem | Emile Hokayem (iiss.org) Find out more about Strategic Survey 2022:  Strategic Survey 2022: Editor's Introduction (iiss.org)  We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts. Date of recording: 6 December 2022  Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS.     Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Geopolitical competition is an increasingly common feature of armed conflicts around the world. From Russia’s invasion of Ukraine to competing regional influences in Yemen, regional contests in Mozambique and climate-change mitigation efforts across continents. This podcast episode marks the launch of The Armed Conflict Survey 2022 with a discussion about the global conflict landscape and the conflict trends and developments that have left a mark on this year’s report. Podcast host Meia Nouwens is joined by some of the team behind the annual flagship publication – Dr Irene Mia, Dr Benjamin Petrini, Juan Pablo Bickel and Erica Pepe.  Meia, Irene, Benjamin, Juan and Erica discuss some of the key topics explored in The Armed Conflict Survey 2022, including:  Recent developments in the global conflict landscape, including the global significance of the Russia–Ukraine war The nexus between climate change and conflict The re-emergence of protracted conflictThe political and military weaponisation of natural resources  The internationalisation of conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa The synthetic opioid issue that is causing troubles for policymakers in the Americas The IISS Armed Conflict Global Relevance Indicator Host and speakers:  Meia Nouwens, IISS Senior Fellow for China | Twitter: @MeiaNouwens | Meia Nouwens (iiss.org)  Dr Irene Mia, Editor, Armed Conflict Survey; Senior Fellow for Latin America, and Conflict, Security and Development | Twitter: @_IreneMia | Dr Irene Mia (iiss.org) Dr Benjamin Petrini, Research Fellow for Conflict, Security and Development | Twitter: @BenjaminPetrini | Dr Benjamin Petrini (iiss.org) Juan Pablo Medina Bickel, Research Analyst for Conflict, Security and Development, and Latin America | Twitter: @JP_Bickel | Juan Pablo Bickel (iiss.org) Erica Pepe, Senior Coordinator for Research; Research Analyst for Conflict, Security and Development | Twitter: @ericapepe7 | Erica Pepe (iiss.org)  We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts. Date of recording: 20 October 2022  Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS.   Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, Sounds Strategic podcast host Meia Nouwens is joined by IISS expert Nigel Inkster, Senior Adviser for Cyber Security and China, to discuss the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which took place mid-October in Beijing. The event was widely anticipated to cement Xi Jinping's third term in power. Meia and Nigel discuss their reflections, including the following topics: Xi Jinping's leadership and the impact on the domestic political trajectory of the party  The social contract between the party and the Chinese population The vitality of the Chinese economy and the possible leveraging of the military  CCP and China on the world stage The impact on potential flashpoints such as Taiwan in the short term Speakers: Meia Nouwens, IISS Senior Fellow for Chinese Defence Policy and Military Modernisation | Twitter: @MeiaNouwens | Meia Nouwens (iiss.org) Nigel Inkster, Senior Adviser for Cyber Security and China | Nigel Inkster (iiss.org)   We hope you enjoy the episode and please follow, rate, and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on the podcast platform of your choice.  Date of Recording: 2 November 2022  Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. For more information visit The International Institute for Strategic Studies Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Taiwan has been at the forefront of geopolitical concern in Asia and beyond, following Nancy Pelosi's visit to Taipei and the string of military exercises conducted by China in early August. Podcast guest host James Crabtree is joined by IISS experts Meia Nouwens, Franz-Stefan Gady and Henry Boyd to discuss the recent developments.   Topics the speakers address in this episode: Taiwan’s political leadership People’s Liberation Army’s military exercises around Taiwan Development of capability design and cognitive advantage  Potential lessons from Ukraine Impact of disinformation and public perception Emerging technological capabilities   Guest host: James Crabtree, Executive Director, IISS–Asia | Twitter: @jamescrabtree | James Crabtree (iiss.org) Meia Nouwens, IISS Senior Fellow for Chinese Defence Policy and Military Modernisation | Twitter: @MeiaNouwens | Meia Nouwens (iiss.org)  Franz-Stefan Gady, Senior Fellow for Cyber Power and Future Conflict | Twitter: @HoansSolo | Franz-Stefan Gady (iiss.org)  Henry Boyd, Research Fellow for Defence and Military Analysis | Henry Boyd (iiss.org)   We hope you enjoy the episode and please follow, rate, and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on the podcast platform of your choice. Date of Recording: 28 September 2022 Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.  Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Since the start of Russia’s war against Ukraine, the world has witnessed unprecedented sanctions against Russia, and military and humanitarian support for Ukraine against a backdrop of ongoing military campaigns and loss of civilian life. In this episode of Sounds Strategic, host Meia Nouwens is joined by four IISS experts to discuss the past six months, and what’s next in terms of military operations, political strategies and economic sanctions. Meia Nouwens and IISS experts Dr Maria Shagina, Dr Nigel Gould-Davies, Franz-Stefan Gady and Henry Boyd discuss:   The state of Russian and Ukrainian armed forces The impact of sanctions on the civilian and military sectors in Russia Eastern Europe and the role of Turkey Military aid the next six months  Host and speakers:Meia Nouwens, IISS Senior Fellow for Chinese Defence Policy and Military Modernisation | Twitter: @MeiaNouwens | Meia Nouwens (iiss.org)  Dr Maria Shagina, Diamond-Brown Research Fellow for Economic Sanctions, Standards and Strategy | Twitter: @maria_shagina | Maria Shagina (iiss.org) Dr Nigel Gould-Davies, Editor, Strategic Survey; Senior Fellow for Russia and Eurasia | Twitter: @Nigelgd1 | Dr Nigel Gould-Davies (iiss.org) Franz-Stefan Gady, Senior Fellow for Cyber, Space and Future Conflict | Twitter: @HoansSolo | Franz-Stefan Gady (iiss.org) Henry Boyd, Research Fellow for Defence and Military Analysis | Henry Boyd (iiss.org)  We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.  Date of recording: 23 August 2022  Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS.   Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

NATO held its Madrid summit on 28-30 June 2022 against the backdrop of Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine and the signing of an accession protocol for Finland and Sweden to join the alliance. Podcast host Meia Nouwens is joined by IISS experts to discuss the adoption of the new Strategic Concept, its ambitions and challenges.   Meia Nouwens and IISS experts Dr Bastian Giegerich, William Alberque, Dr Simona Soare and Fenella McGerty discuss:   NATO's conventional force and tasks NATO’s nuclear posture and arms control NATO’s defence spending ambitions NATO’s innovation efforts  Host and speakers: Meia Nouwens, IISS Senior Fellow for Chinese Defence Policy and Military Modernisation | Twitter: @MeiaNouwens | Meia Nouwens (iiss.org) Dr Bastian Giegerich, Director of Defence and Military Analysis | Dr Bastian Giegerich (iiss.org) William Alberque, Director of Strategy, Technology, and Arms Control | Twitter: @walberque | William Alberque (iiss.org) Fenella McGerty, Senior Fellow for Defence Economics | Twitter: @FMcGerty | Fenella McGerty (iiss.org) Dr Simona Soare, Research Fellow for Defence and Military Analysis | Twitter: @Simona_Soare | Simona Soare (iiss.org)   We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.  Date of recording: 12 July 2022  Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS.  Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The IISS Shangri-La Dialogue was back with a bang earlier this month and underlined the prime importance of in-person defence diplomacy. In the second part of our reflections, guest host James Crabtree is joined by IISS colleagues Dr Lynn Kuok, Dr Euan Graham and Aaron Connelly to discuss Asia’s premium defence summit and what stood out for them.   Topics include:  First plenary speech by Lloyd J. Austin III, Secretary of Defense, US US-China relations and Taiwan Australia, Pacific Islands and AUKUS European contribution to the IISS Shangri-La Dialogue with France and the Netherlands Southeast Asia and the armed conflict in Myanmar Guest host:  James Crabtree | @jamescrabtree | James Crabtree (iiss.org)    Speakers:   Dr Lynn Kuok, Shangri-La Dialogue Senior Fellow for Asia-Pacific Security Editor, Asia-Pacific Regional Security Assessment | @LynnKuok | Lynn Kuok (iiss.org) Dr Euan Graham, Shangri-La Dialogue Senior Fellow for Asia-Pacific Security | @graham_euan | Dr Euan Graham (iiss.org) Aaron Connelly, Senior Fellow for Southeast Asian Politics and Foreign Policy | @ConnellyAL | Aaron Connelly (iiss.org)  Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The IISS Shangri-La Dialogue was back with a bang earlier this month and underlined the prime importance of in-person defence diplomacy. For the first time a crisis in Europe loomed large over Asia’s premier security summit, which took place in Singapore on 10-12 June 2022.   Guest host James Crabtree is joined by IISS colleagues William Alberque, Nigel Gould-Davies, Meia Nouwens and Yuka Koshino to share their expert opinions.    Topics include: US-China relations and great-power competition Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the impact on Asia Keynote Address by Japan’s Prime Minister Kishida Fumio and his administration’s response to the war in Ukraine Arms control and non-proliferation Taiwan   Guest host: James Crabtree | @jamescrabtree | James Crabtree (iiss.org)  Speakers:    William Alberque, Director of Strategy, Technology, and Arms Control | @walberqueNigel Gould-Davies, Editor, Strategic Survey; Senior Fellow for Russia and Eurasia | @Nigelgd1 Meia Nouwens, IISS Senior Fellow for Chinese Defence Policy and Military Modernisation | @MeiaNouwens Yuka Koshino, Research Fellow for Security and Technology Policy | @YukaKoshino  We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.  Date of recording: 22 June 2022  Shangri-La Dialogue 2022 transcripts and recorded sessions are available here: IISS Shangri-La Dialogue - Asia's premier defence summit  Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS.  Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

It’s back! Asia’s premier security summit, the IISS Shangri-La Dialogue, will take place in Singapore on 10–12 June 2022. In this episode, guest host James Crabtree, Executive Director IISS-Asia, is joined by IISS colleagues Meia Nouwens, IISS Senior Fellow for Chinese Defence Policy and Military Modernisation, and Aaron Connelly, Senior Fellow for Southeast Asian Politics and Foreign Policy, to discuss themes and topics of the upcoming event. At a time of ever-greater focus on the geopolitical and defence dynamics of the Asia-Pacific, the importance of in-person debate among the region’s key actors is greater than ever. The IISS Shangri-La Dialogue is a unique platform for such debate, enabling government ministers and senior officials, as well as business leaders and security experts, to come together to share fresh perspectives on Asia’s developing security challenges.The focus of the episode’s discussion will include:US-China relationsSoutheast Asia and regional securityThe impact of the war in UkraineEurope and the Indo-Pacific  Guest host and speakers:James Crabtree | @jamescrabtree | James Crabtree (iiss.org)Aaron Connelly | @ConnellyAL | Aaron Connelly (iiss.org)Meia Nouwens | @meianouwens | Meia Nouwens (iiss.org) For more information about IISS Shangri-La Dialogue 2022 please visit our website The International Institute for Strategic Studies (iiss.org)Follow us on Twitter | LinkedIn | YouTube | Instagram | FacebookWe hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.​Date of recording: 31 May 2022​Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Russia invaded Ukraine on 24 February 2022 and it remains an ongoing war. In this new Sounds Strategic episode, host Meia Nouwens is joined by Dr Nigel Gould-Davies, William Alberque and Franz-Stefan Gady to discuss the conflict through military, economic and political lenses.Meia and her guests address some of the most pressing questions in the international security community, share their observations on past and future challenges, and offer their perspectives on some of the unprecedented developments.-         Military operations and the performance of the Russian armed forces-         Disinformation warfare-         Russia’s failed statecraft in Europe-         Sanctions and their intended impact-         Multinational response to the crisis-         NATO, EU and minilateral alliances Speakers:Host: Meia Nouwens, Senior Fellow for Chinese Defence Policy and Military Modernisation | Twitter: @MeiaNouwens | Latest research: Meia Nouwens (iiss.org) Guests:Dr Nigel Gould-Davies, Editor, Strategic Survey; Senior Fellow for Russia and Eurasia | Twitter: @Nigelgd1 | Latest research: Dr Nigel Gould-Davies (iiss.org)William Alberque, Director of Strategy, Technology, and Arms Control | Twitter: @walberque | Latest research: William Alberque (iiss.org)Franz-Stefan Gady, Research Fellow for Cyber, Space and Future Conflict | Twitter: @HoansSolo | Latest research: Franz-Stefan Gady (iiss.org)We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.​Date of recording: 29 March 2022Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS. For more expert analysis and commentary visit https://www.iiss.org Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

France, Germany, the UK, the Netherlands and the European Union have published Indo-Pacific strategies, all of which foresee a greater economic, political and security relationship with the region. Military engagement of European powers in the maritime domain has received significant attention in 2021, following the deployment of the US, UK and Netherlands navies in the Carrier Strike Group 2021 voyage, the deployment of the German frigate the Bayern, and a continued French naval presence in the region.    To discuss the realities, practicalities and prospects of European naval engagement in the Indo-Pacific region, host Meia Nouwens is joined by IISS experts Nick Childs, Euan Graham and Hugo Decis.   Topics include:  Where can European navies best contribute to security in the Indo-Pacific region? How can European powers coordinate their engagement better?  And how much has AUKUS derailed the possibility of collaboration between Europeans, the Americans and Australia in the future?    Guest speakers:   Nick Childs, Senior Fellow for Naval Forces and Maritime Security Dr Euan Graham, Shangri-La Dialogue Senior Fellow for Asia-Pacific Security Hugo Decis, Research Analyst for Defence and Military Analysis  ________________________________________________________________ We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts. Date of recording: 17 November 2021 Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS  Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, host Meia Nouwens is joined by Sir Tom Beckett, Dr. Hasan al Hasan and Camille Lons to discuss the key themes from the 17th IISS Manama Dialogue, which was held in Bahrain From the 19th to the 21st of November 2021.   The Manama Dialogue is an annual international security and regional diplomatic summit held in Bahrain that brings together high level representation from governments and stakeholders from across the Middle East and beyond.   This year’s event covered key regional security developments ranging from questions about the US security commitment to the region, the growing relationship between the Gulf and Asia, the cautious optimism around de-escalation efforts, the potential role of minilateral diplomacy in the region, and a renewed focus on the Red Sea as a geopolitical arena with its own unique dynamics.   _________________________________________________________________We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on your favourite podcast platform. Date of recording: 25 November 2021Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.To find out more, please visit https://www.iiss.org Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

From a cooperation deficit to the prospect of conflict over Taiwan, Strategic Survey 2021 outlines the wide array of challenges faced by the international rules-based order, and shows that great-power competition is becoming more prevalent and complex.To mark the launch of the annual flagship publication and discuss the main themes and topics, host Meia Nouwens is joined byDr Nigel Gould-Davies | Editor, Strategic Survey; Senior Fellow for Russia and Eurasia Nigel Inkster | Senior Adviser for Cyber Security and China Dr David Gordon | Senior Adviser for Geo-Economics and Strategy _________________________________________________________________We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts. Date of recording: 25 October 2021Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.To find out more, please visit https://www.iiss.org Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Despite the coronavirus pandemic, mobility restrictions and calls from the UN for a global ceasefire, the number of conflicts hit a record high in 2020, with more active conflicts than at any time since 1945. To mark the launch of The Armed Conflict Survey 2021, host Meia Nouwens is joined by some of the team behind the annual flagship report exploring the political, military and humanitarian impacts of active armed conflicts across the world.  Whilst the world has been battling the coronavirus pandemic, a more familiar challenge has continued unabated – armed conflict. The coronavirus pandemic has caused huge economic damage and human suffering. This has added fuel to the fire of social and political instability, with a legacy that is likely to be felt for years to come. The Armed Conflict Survey raises important questions about how conflict is changing, who the main actors are and how conflicts can be resolved. It looks at new technologies and explores the trends and risks that are likely to shape conflict in the years ahead.   To discuss these important topics, Meia Nouwens is joined by:  Dr Irene Mia - Editor of the Armed Conflict Survey and Senior Fellow for Latin America and Conflict, Security and Development Dr Benjamin Petrini, Research Fellow for Conflict, Security and Development Dr Samir Puri, Senior Fellow in Urban Security and Hybrid Warfare _________________________________________________________________We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic.Date of recording: 13 September 2021Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this special episode of Sounds Strategic to mark the opening of the IISS–Europe office in Berlin, we meet key members of our new European research team. From great-power competition to state-led influence operations, and arms control to emerging and disruptive technologies, they explain how the IISS will bring a unique perspective to the European strategic debate.   Joining host Meia Nouwens to discuss the strategic questions that the Institute’s new European research agenda seeks to address are: Dr Ben Schreer, Executive Director, IISS–Europe; William Alberque, Director of Non-Proliferation and Nuclear Policy; Dr Simona Soare, Research Fellow for Defence and Military Analysis; and Thornike Gordadze, Senior Fellow for Statecraft and Influence Networks.     As Ben explains, with IISS–Europe now fully open for business, the Institute is uniquely placed to facilitate a debate on key strategic questions in Germany and Europe as a whole, and between policymakers and industry alike. William, Simona and Thornike each explain the research themes that will dominate their work in the coming months, including arms control and non-proliferation initiatives, great-power competition, setting rules and norms for outer space and the cyber domain, the uses and challenges of emerging and disruptive technologies, and the changing, multidimensional influence operations of revisionist states. _________________________________________________________________ We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts. Date of recording: 31 August 2021 Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.   Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, host Meia Nouwens is joined by Dr Samir Puri, IISS Senior Fellow in Urban Security and Hybrid Warfare, and Antônio Sampaio, Senior Analyst at the Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, to discuss how technology impacts urban security and the democratic landscapes of cities.  With over half of the world’s population living in cities, new technologies, such as smart cities or surveillance tech, have increasingly been leveraged to make life in cities safer and more efficient. This includes leveraging technology to combat crime and terrorism, to respond to natural disasters or to improve the quality of life of citizens. New technologies are also starting to play an important role in political landscapes, for example by connecting people in protest movements. But these technologies can also be leveraged to other ends: to suppress protesters and restrict freedom of speech. We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 13 August 2021Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this Sounds Strategic episode, Meia Nouwens is joined by Dr Nigel Gould-Davies, Senior Fellow for Russia and Eurasia, Strategic Survey Editor and former ambassador to Minsk, to reflect on the protest movement in Belarus and Alexander Lukashenko’s regime.One year after an implausible election result ignited mass protests across Belarus, Nigel joins Meia to discuss authoritarian leader Alexander Lukashenko’s rule, the relationship between Putin’s Russia and Lukashenko’s Belarus, and why the 2020−21 protests became so widespread. Can Lukashenko, the autocratic president of Belarus since 1994, regain the legitimacy he has lost? And what is his standing within the country today? We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 5 August 2021Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This special episode of Sounds Strategic explores the significance of the 40th Fullerton Lecture, which US Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III delivered on Tuesday 27 July 2021. Podcast host Meia Nouwens is joined by James Crabtree, Executive Director of IISS–Asia, Dr Euan Graham, Shangri-La Dialogue Senior Fellow for Asia-Pacific Security, and Aaron Connelly, Research Fellow in Southeast Asian Political Change and Foreign Policy.   Secretary Austin’s visit was the first to Southeast Asia by a member of US President Joe Biden’s cabinet. In his Fullerton Lecture on ‘The imperative of partnership’, the Secretary made the case for the United States’ role as a reliable partner in helping nations in the Indo-Pacific make their own choices and ‘build back better’ after COVID-19.  Watch the recorded lecture on our website - The International Institute for Strategic Studies (iiss.org) _________________________________________________________________  We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts. Date of recording: 29 July 2021  Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.  Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of Sounds Strategic, special guest host James Crabtree is joined by Meia Nouwens, Senior Fellow for Chinese Defence Policy and Military Modernisation, and Nigel Inkster, Senior Adviser for Cyber Security and China, to examine China’s domestic and international outlook. As China marks the centenary of its ruling party, James, Meia and Nigel assess what this anniversary signifies for the Chinese Communist Party and how strong the party is today.James, Meia and Nigel also discuss why the centrality of the party is so important to President Xi Jinping, where the relationship between the CCP and the People’s Liberation Army stands today, what to take away from Xi’s anniversary speech and where the party goes from here._________________________________________________________________We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 21 July 2021Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, Sounds Strategic host Meia Nouwens is joined by Ben Barry, Senior Fellow for Land Warfare, and Shiloh Fetzek, Associate Fellow for Conflict, Security and Development, to discuss the implications of climate change for global security and defence.With climate security rising on the global security agenda, Meia, Ben and Shiloh discuss the impact of climate change on the strategic environment, how existing security challenges are made worse by climate-related impacts and the importance of integrating climate change considerations into national and multilateral security plans. Exploring the challenges ahead for defence and security establishments, Meia, Ben and Shiloh also consider how NATO, the G7, the European Union and the United Nations Security Council have addressed climate risk, as well as Biden’s climate agenda and the UK Ministry of Defence’s climate change strategy.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 9th July 2021Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, Sounds Strategic host Meia Nouwens is joined by Greg Austin, Senior Fellow for Cyber, Space and Future Conflict, and Franz-Stefan Gady, Research Fellow for Cyber, Space and Future Conflict, to discuss the findings of a new IISS report on cyber capabilities and national power. A new report by the IISS has assessed the cyber power of 15 states, placing them into three tiers of capability. Following the launch of this major two-year study, Meia, Greg and Franz-Stefan discuss how to define and measure cyber power and who comes out on top.Meia, Greg and Franz-Stefan discuss the categories used to assess each country’s cyber capabilities in the report, including strategy and doctrine, governance, cyber-intelligence capability, cyber security and resilience, global leadership and offensive cyber capability. According to the qualitative framework developed by IISS researchers, the United States is the only country with world-leading strengths in all categories, with China placed in the second tier of cyber powers. Meia, Greg and Franz-Stefan go on to discuss the role of political culture, organisational relationships and governance models in shaping the relationship between cyber capabilities and how they are used by a state actor on the international stage, what we know about the operational activities of the US, Russia and China, how much cyber industrial strength matters, the impact of political stability and instability on the development of cyber capabilities and how middle powers can compete with great powers in cyberspace.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 24 June 2021Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, Sounds Strategic host Meia Nouwens is joined by Irene Mia, Editor of the Armed Conflict Survey and Senior Fellow for Latin America and Conflict, Security and Development, and Amanda Lapo, Research Associate for Defence and Military Analysis, to discuss geopolitical developments in Latin America.How has the shifting global geopolitical environment impacted Latin America? Meia, Irene and Amanda examine geopolitical competition in Latin America and the region’s engagement with external powers. Irene argues that the Latin American order is no longer unipolar, highlighting China’s inroads in the region and growing importance as a regional commercial partner. She also notes the role of the United States and questions surrounding the level of engagement to be expected from the Biden administration, stressing the impact migration flows have had on US policy towards the region. Amanda talks about military-to-military engagement between China and the region, arguing that China is now the third largest regional player after the US and Russia. She explains that relationships between China and countries in South America in particular have become more formal in recent years.Meia, Irene and Amanda also discuss vaccine and military diplomacy in the region, the Pacific Alliance and the ongoing election cycle in Latin American countries. We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 11 June 2021Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, Sounds Strategic host Meia Nouwens is joined by Nick Childs, Senior Fellow for Naval Forces and Maritime Security, to discuss the United Kingdom’s naval ambitions in the Indo-Pacific.Following the First Sea Lord’s Sea Power Conference on 19 May 2021, Meia and Nick reflect on the UK’s Carrier Strike Group and its deployment to the Indo-Pacific region, discussing who the UK is looking to strengthen its relationships with, how China will react to the deployment and what the view from the region is more generally. Meia and Nick also discuss how the Royal Navy can help small and medium powers manage grey-zone threats in the region, as well as how it is going to balance commitments to the Indo-Pacific and the Euro-Atlantic regions. With its limited resources, how prominent will the Royal Navy’s Indo-Pacific presence be in the near future?We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 26 May 2021Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, Sounds Strategic host Meia Nouwens is joined by James Crabtree, Executive Director of IISS–Asia, to discuss the trends and developments that have shaped political and security dynamics in Asia in the past year.  Meia and James explore some of the major thematic issues that will be covered at the 19th Shangri-La Dialogue on 4−5 June, including US−China competition, regional-security architectures, and the contributions of regional and extra-regional middle powers to security in Asia. They also consider India’s role in regional security and in the Quad, the situation in Myanmar and its implications for ASEAN, the Biden administration’s policy towards China and how countries in the region view the involvement of the United States in the regional security order.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 11 May 2021Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, Sounds Strategic host Meia Nouwens is joined by Robert Ward, IISS Japan Chair and Director of Geo-economics and Strategy, and Yuka Koshino, Research Fellow for Japanese Security and Defence Policy, to unpack the policy priorities and challenges on Japanese Prime Minister Suga’s 2021 agenda.Ahead of the next IISS Shangri-La Dialogue in June, Meia, Robert and Yuka discuss Japan’s domestic political environment and the challenges Prime Minister Suga Yoshihide’s administration will need to tackle in 2021. As Robert and Yuka explain, the administration’s focus areas include the coronavirus pandemic and the country’s slow vaccine rollout, the upcoming Tokyo Olympics, the Liberal Democratic Party leadership race, and Japan’s 2021 general election.Robert and Yuka also explore Prime Minister Suga’s economic agenda and progress towards digitalisation, foreign and security policy priorities and goals, the role of the United States in Japan’s Indo-Pacific vision, and the impact of COVID-19 on structural reform and Japan’s thinking on economic security.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 29 April 2021Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, Sounds Strategic host Meia Nouwens is joined by Erica Pepe, Senior Coordinator for Research and Conflict, Security and Development Analyst, and Franz-Stefan Gady, Research Fellow for Cyber, Space and Future Conflict, to discuss NATO and AI.Meia, Erica and Franz-Stefan explore the motivations behind NATO’s focus on artificial intelligence (AI) and the future potential of this technology for security and defence. What role can NATO play in setting standards for the military use of AI?Erica and Franz-Stefan also explain why AI is so prominent in national-security thinking, noting the progress of the technology as well as the potential risks, challenges and ethical concerns associated with it. We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 8 April 2021Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, Sounds Strategic host Meia Nouwens is joined by John Krzyzaniak, Research Analyst for Non-Proliferation and Nuclear Policy, and Timothy Wright, Research Analyst and Programme Administrator for Defence and Military Analysis, to discuss Iran, its missile-development programme and the JCPOA.  With a new, Democrat-led administration in power, is the United States in a better position to make progress on the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and negotiations with Iran? Meia, John and Timothy discuss where the JCPOA stands now, the impact of domestic politics in both Iran and the US on bilateral negotiations, and how far the Biden administration is willing to go to revive the agreement.  Meia, John and Tim also consider the status of Iran’s missile-development programme and the strategies that are driving Tehran’s investment in it. While noting that missiles are likely to be an ongoing focus for any negotiations between the US and Iran in the future, they argue that it is unrealistic to expect Iran to restrict its missile programme. We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 30 March 2021Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, podcast host Meia Nouwens is joined by Tom Waldwyn, Research Associate for Defence Procurement, and Haena Jo, Research Analyst for Defence and Military Analysis, to discuss the increasingly diversified landscape of defence industry and defence procurement. With successive governments in Turkey, South Korea, Brazil and Poland having invested heavily in their defence industries in recent years, could these countries soon provide greater competition for Western and Russian defence companies? While the big defence companies are still at the top of the pecking order, Tom and Haena explain that today’s defence-industrial landscape is more diversified.  Meia, Tom and Haena also discuss the export successes of other emerging defence-industrial nations, as well as the challenges they are facing. Drawing in particular on examples from Turkey, South Korea and the United Arab Emirates, they highlight the importance of politics and political will in driving defence-industrial growth, and they note the different approaches that emerging defence-industrial countries have taken to get where they are today.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 18 March 2021 Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, podcast host Meia Nouwens is joined by Dr Benjamin Petrini, Research Fellow for Conflict, Security and Development, and Dr Umberto Profazio, Associate Fellow for Conflict, Security and Development, to reflect on the concept of fragility.Approaching the concept of fragility in a multidimensional way, Meia, Benjamin and Umberto examine the origins of the term, as well as the misconceptions often associated with it. Benjamin and Umberto explain what a fragile country is, highlighting that fragility is not limited to countries experiencing conflict. Explaining that fragility affects stability through several different and interrelated channels, Benjamin and Umberto highlight various dimensions of fragility, including technological transformations and rapid changes in society, poverty, migration and forced displacement, weak institutions, environmental pressures, economic challenges and demographic pressures. Meia, Benjamin and Umberto also discuss the impact of COVID-19 on fragility, stressing that the toll of the pandemic will be higher on fragile countries than more stable ones. Noting that more and more states are exerting their influence in fragile countries, Benjamin and Umberto conclude that fragility can now be viewed through the prism of foreign policy and geopolitics.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 5 March 2021 Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of Sounds Strategic, Meia Nouwens is joined by Fenella McGerty, Senior Fellow for Defence Economics, and Henry Boyd, Research Fellow for Defence and Military Analysis, to discuss the global defence developments identified in the latest edition of The Military Balance. To mark the publication of The Military Balance 2021, launching today (25 February 2021), Meia, Fenella and Henry discuss recent developments in defence policy, military capability and defence economics. Highlighting the implications of the coronavirus pandemic and the landmark 2020 election in the United States for defence policymakers and industry, Fenella and Henry explore the current trajectory of global and regional defence spending, including in the Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, Africa and Europe, and broader defence developments. Despite wider economic difficulties caused by the pandemic, the stronger growth in global defence spending that was achieved in 2019 was maintained in 2020, they explain. Meia, Fenella and Henry also discuss China’s investment in R&D, the challenges of calculating Chinese defence spending, and the role of unmanned aerial vehicles in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The Military Balance is the Institute’s annual assessment of global military capabilities and defence economics. The 2021 edition includes updated data on the military organisations, equipment inventories and defence budgets of 171 countries; region-by-region analysis of major developments affecting defence policy, procurement and defence economics; and assessment of key trends in the land, sea and air domains, as well as in cyberspace. Order your copy on Amazon or Routledge.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 18 February 2021 Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, Meia Nouwens is joined by Dr Euan Graham, Shangri-La Dialogue Senior Fellow for Asia-Pacific Security, and Joseph Dempsey, Research Associate for Defence and Military Analysis, to examine recent developments on the Korean Peninsula, including the current state of the relationships between the two Koreas and the United States, as well as other countries in the region. In this episode, Meia, Euan and Joseph discuss the tumultuous relationships between the US and the two Koreas under former president Donald Trump, as well as how these relationships might evolve as President Joe Biden settles into the White House. The US−South Korea relationship is ‘badly in need of repair’, explains Euan, highlighting that there is a serious risk of strategic divergence in national-security interests between the two countries. The panel also explores the challenges facing Moon Jae-in’s presidency in its remaining years, noting that balancing relations with the US and regional neighbours will require a coherent national strategy. Joseph gives an overview of recent developments in North Korea’s submarine-launched ballistic-missile programme, explaining why Pyongyang’s nuclear ambitions are worrying. The panel also considers the fragile state of the North Korean economy and the impact of COVID-19 on the country, how China views recent developments on the Korean Peninsula, and what to watch out for in 2021.Date of recording: 3 February 2021 Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, Meia Nouwens is joined by Dr Ben Rhode, Editor of The Adelphi Series and IISS Senior Fellow for Transatlantic Affairs, and Dr Kori Schake, Director of Foreign and Defense Policy Studies at the American Enterprise Institute and former IISS Deputy Director-General. Together, they reflect on the legacy of the Trump presidency and also look ahead at what to expect from President Biden’s administration. Starting with the significance of Joe Biden being sworn in and the self-conscious attempt at the inauguration to project unity, the podcast panel discusses what it means for the US government to return to being ‘boring and competent’. Meia, Ben and Kori also consider what long-lasting effect the violent insurrection of 6 January 2021 will have on domestic policy, and the continuing challenges posed by right-wing and online radicalisation, as well as QAnon conspiracy theorists. The panel then explores what Trump’s legacy means both for Biden’s aim of ending the ‘uncivil war’, as well as for the Republican Party. They end by discussing what effect Trump’s legacy will have on US foreign policies and considering how Biden will use his first 100 days to signal his prioritisation between domestic and foreign priorities.Date of recording: 21 January 2021Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In the first IISS Sounds Strategic podcast of 2021, to coincide with the audiobook release of Brendan Taylor’s Adelphi Series publication Dangerous Decade: Taiwan’s Security and Crisis Management, Meia Nouwens and Brendan discuss the geopolitical importance of Taiwan and the challenges it faces in the coming year and beyond.Starting with President Tsai Ing-Wen’s re-election in January 2020 and her government’s handling of the COVID-19 pandemic that won international praise, the discussion moves to look ahead to potential security crises facing Taiwan. Brendan identifies US-China rivalry as a potential flashpoint and argues, ‘perhaps controversially’, that the next crisis brewing over Taiwan will be more serious than previous ones as the geopolitical status quo affecting Taiwan begins to fracture. Meia and Brendan go on to discuss why Taiwan is strategically important for China, the likelihood of reunification and independence, whether there will be a major change in US-Taiwan relations under President Biden’s administration, Taiwan’s international standing, and where Taiwan could take advantage of the US-China trade war. Date of recording: 18 December 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

After an unprecedented year in world affairs, Meia Nouwens speaks with Sarah Raine, IISS Consulting Senior Fellow for Geopolitics and Strategy, and Dr Nigel Gould-Davies, Editor of IISS’ Strategic Survey and Senior Fellow for Russia and Eurasia in this special end-of-year episode. Researchers from across the IISS contributed their thoughts on the key geopolitical and security challenges from 2020 that will likely continue far into 2021. Among these, Meia, Sarah and Nigel discuss the continuing decline of multilateralism and the rules-based international order, the challenge of growing extraterritoriality in the Middle East and elsewhere, as well as the future of the US–China rivalry during a Biden presidency. Despite the difficulties of 2020, both Nigel and Sarah end on some points of optimism that could improve international relations in the coming year.We hope you enjoyed this special episode of Sounds Strategic and from all of us at the IISS, we wish you have a safe and festive new year. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 17 December 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, Meia Nouwens is joined by Dr Samir Puri, The IISS’ new Senior Fellow for Hybrid Warfare, for a discussion about the concept of ‘hybrid warfare’ and its potential applications in the Asia-Pacific. Having observed the realities of hybrid warfare in the Donbas region in eastern Ukraine, Samir highlights the differences between ‘grey zone’ and ‘hybrid warfare’ activities.Meia and Samir then explore the possible applications of hybrid warfare in the Asia-Pacific, with a particular focus on how China could expand its regional influence through hybrid strategies and tactics. Samir also predicts that grey zone activity will likely become an increasingly common feature in international affairs in the 2020s as the United States clashes with China’s efforts to establish its own informal empire. As a result, Samir suggests Western powers may need to revisit their hybrid warfare capabilities in this new multi-polar world order. We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 2 December 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this special episode of Sounds Strategic, recorded ahead of the IISS Manama Dialogue 2020, Sir Tom Beckett speaks with Hasan Alhasan and Camille Lons about the key geopolitical challenges the Middle East has faced in 2020.  Hasan and Camille highlight the economic damage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to countries across the Middle East and how the pandemic has worsened the humanitarian situation in many of the region's ongoing conflicts, from Yemen to Libya.They also assess the wider geopolitical implications of the recent Abraham Accords between Israel and several Gulf states and how ongoing US–China competition may impact regional politics in 2021. We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 24 November 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this week’s episode, Meia Nouwens speaks with Helena Legarda, Senior Analyst at Mercator Institute for China Studies, on NATO’s evolving, and often complex, relationship with China. Meia and Helena trace the history of the relationship, from the early antagonism following the 1998 Belgrade bombing of the Chinese embassy, through several years of tentative cooperation in the early 2000s, to growing hostility in the late 2010s as China’s global ambitions and capabilities expanded.Both Helena and Meia agree that 2019 was a critical turning point in NATO–China relations and explore why NATO, and the EU, may struggle in developing a coordinated and robust policy to confront the multi-faceted strategic challenge presented by a rising China.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 17 November 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Kyrgyzstan’s parliamentary elections on 4 October threw the country into political crisis. Claims that the elections were rigged sparked mass popular protests on the streets of Bishkek, the capital, which led to the resignation of Kyrgyzstani president, Sooronbay Jeyenbekov, on 15 October.In this special episode of Sounds Strategic, Nigel Gould-Davies, IISS Senior Fellow for Russia and Eurasia, speaks with the Kyrgyzstan Ambassador to the UK, H.E. Edil Baisalov on what the recent political upheaval means for Kyrgyzstan and the possible paths forward for the country.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 19 October 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In the second part of our US election podcast, Meia Nouwens speaks with Nigel Gould-Davies, Senior Fellow for Russia and Eurasia, and Irene Mia, Senior Fellow for Latin America, on the policy challenges the incoming Biden administration will face in both Russia and Latin America.Nigel explains that the election of Biden will strengthen American resolve to counter Russian influence in Europe and elsewhere. Nigel predicts renewed US engagement in the ongoing crises in Ukraine and Belarus as part of the new administration’s wider efforts to bolster democracy and human rights internationally. However, the maintenance of the New START agreement will likely be Biden’s first priority once in office from 20 January 2020.Irene details the vast array of challenges President-elect Biden will face in Latin America, from political instability in Venezuela to continued immigration from Mexico and Central America. Irene raises concerns over possible political instability in the region, due to the devastation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to many Latin American economies. However, Irene also notes that the region offers opportunities for the new US administration to support local efforts to address these emerging crises.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 9 November 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this two-part episode, Meia Nouwens speaks with IISS experts on the foreign-policy priorities the incoming Biden administration will likely address over the next four years.In part one, Euan Graham, Senior Fellow for Asia-Pacific Security, discusses how leaders in the Asia-Pacific, including China, have reacted to the election result and the policy implications a Biden presidency may have. He foresees alliances making a welcome return to the region, but warns that domestic concerns over COVID-19 could limit US foreign-policy ambitions.John Raine, IISS Senior Adviser, focuses on the possible policy changes a Biden administration would introduce to the Middle East. He expects Biden will take a much different approach towards the Gulf states and recommit to defending human rights across the region. However, any US attempts at re-engagement with Iran and ongoing conflicts in the region may become hamstrung by political considerations back home.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 9 November 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The upcoming US presidential election between President Donald Trump and former vice president Joseph Biden may prove to be one of the most contentious in US history. In this episode, Dana Allin, Senior Fellow for US Foreign Policy and Transatlantic Affairs, and David Gordon, Senior Adviser for Geo-Economics and Strategy, discuss each candidate’s prospects and how the Trump administration has impacted the United States’ political system and international reputation.David and Dana agree that this election will prove pivotal for the future of America and its place in the world. They also discuss the policy implications of a two-term Trump presidency or a new Biden administration for US allies and adversaries alike. We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 20 October 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The collapse of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty last year increased concerns that the international architecture around arms control was weakening further. With other agreements up for renewal or under renewed scrutiny, what does the future hold for arms control between the US, Russia and China? In this week’s episode, Meia Nouwens speaks with three IISS Missile Dialogue Initiative specialists on the current politics around arms control and the new technologies that risk complicating future arms-control efforts.Douglas Barrie and Timothy Wright from the IISS and Pavel Podvig from the UN Institute for Disarmament Research explain why it is such a critical time for arms control and the importance of agreements such as the Open Skies Treaty and the NEW Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty for regional and global stability. We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 5 October 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The recent dispute between Greece and Turkey has again raised questions around the sustainability of the NATO Alliance. However, one of the Alliance’s loudest critics in recent years has been US President Donald Trump, despite the United States' critical role within it. But are such criticisms political rhetoric or are they part of a wider strategic recalculation by the US as its national security concerns outside of Europe multiply?Meia Nouwens discusses this question with IISS–Americas Executive Director EJ Herold and Research Fellow Henry Boyd in this episode of Sounds Strategic. As Henry and EJ explain, there is increasing evidence that the US Department of Defense considers China, rather than a resurgent Russia, as its greatest strategic challenge for the foreseeable future. They also discuss how this rebalancing of US strategic priorities towards the Asia-Pacific will adversely affect the European member states of NATO, especially in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 22 September 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week, Antonio Sampaio is joined by Ignacio Cano, Alice Hills and Tessa Diphoorn for a wide-ranging discussion on the challenges of policing in the developing world, with a particular focus on Brazil, Kenya and Somalia.Ignacio, Alice and Tessa each describe the different forms of policing in each country, from extreme militarisation in Rio de Janeiro to sporadic and limited policing in Somalia and Kenya. However, they all highlight how corruption, limited state capacity and domestic politics impact policing and undermine a state’s willingness and ability to police in vulnerable and marginalised communities.They also examine how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted policing in recent months, as well as explore some of the positive signs in police reform coming out of Kenya.Dr Ignacio Cano is a member of the Laboratory of Violence at Rio de Janeiro State University and is currently visiting researcher at the Safety Lab in Cape Town, South Africa.Dr Alice Hills is Visiting Professor at the University of Leeds focusing on police development in sub-Saharan Africa and Somali security governance.Dr Tessa Diphoorn is Assistant Professor of Cultural Anthropology at Utrecht University in the Netherlands and is currently researching policing in Kenya. We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 28 August 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

On 6 and 9 August 1945, the US military bombed the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki using a weapon of unprecedented destructive capability, the atom bomb. These bombings marked the beginning of the nuclear age and remain the only use of a nuclear weapon in an active conflict.To commemorate the 75th anniversary of these events, Meia Nouwens is joined by Dana Allin, Senior Fellow for US Foreign Policy and Transatlantic Affairs, and Mark Fitzpatrick, Associate Fellow and former Executive Director of IISS–Americas, to discuss the legacy of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the lessons that are at risk of being forgotten today.They discuss the narrative around the use of the atom bomb, its impact on the national psyche of Japan and its role in creating the nuclear taboo and, eventually, the concept of nuclear deterrence through mutually assured destruction. Both Dana and Mark argue that it falls to today’s leaders to remember the lessons of the past and to slow the recent erosion of nuclear arms controls.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 25 August 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this week’s episode of Sounds Strategic, Meia Nouwens is joined by John Raine, Senior Adviser for Geopolitical Due Diligence, and Dr Nigel Gould-Davies, Senior Fellow for Russia and Eurasia and Editor of the Strategic Survey, for a discussion on political risk and ‘corporate foreign policy’.The economic instability caused by the COVID-19 crisis, coupled with the intensifying geo-economic rivalry between the US and China, has increased economic instability and dampened corporate prospects globally. John and Nigel argue that these factors have increased the need for robust ‘foreign policy’ among all public-facing organisations, from multinational corporations to universities. For them, good corporate foreign policy assesses, plans for and proactively addresses political risk in its many forms to better insulate companies and organisations from the highly politicised economic headwinds already gathering in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. John and Nigel also discuss the growing power of corporations within the international system and the underlying risks created by the intermingling of economic and defence concerns most clearly seen in the current US–China tech war.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 12 August 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

To celebrate the 50th episode of Sounds Strategic, Robert Ward, Director of the Geo-economics and Strategy programme at the IISS, hosts Meia Nouwens and Nigel Inkster for a fascinating and wide-ranging conversation on China, its foreign-policy motivations and what its possible dominance in technology could mean for the West.In the episode, Meia and Nigel examine the limits of China’s assertive, ‘wolf-warrior’ approach to foreign affairs. They discuss whether China’s recent behaviour is part of a grand strategic vision or simple opportunism at a time of increased international instability during the COVID-19 crisis.At the heart of Western concerns around Huawei is China’s potential to dominate the tech sector in the future. Meia and Nigel both highlight the dangers of decoupling from China and instead stress the importance of effective engagement as a means to ensure the West’s continued prosperity and to manage the political and economic challenge China represents in the 21st century.Meia and Nigel also discuss the possible futures of Taiwan and Hong Kong, the impact of COVID-19 on the political authority of President Xi Jinping and whether a possible Biden presidency could meaningfully change US–China relations.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 29 July 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Following a special presentation by US Secretary of Defense Mark Esper, Meia and Antônio speak with Research Fellow Aaron Connelly on how the United States’ strategy towards Southeast Asia is viewed by Southeast Asian countries themselves. In the episode, Aaron explains why Secretary Esper’s recent remarks may indicate US policymakers are moving away from large-scale multilateral initiatives and towards ‘minilateralism’. Aaron also explores why some Southeast Asian states stand by a policy of non-alignment, despite Beijing’s heavy-handedness in recent years. In addition, Meia, Antônio and Aaron discuss how US Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOPs) in the South China Sea have changed over the years, recent tensions within the US–Philippines relationship, and upcoming elections in Malaysia.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 22 July 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

With the return of great-power competition to the forefront of international affairs, there has been a renewed focus among the world’s advanced militaries on what capabilities will be required to win or compete in possible conflicts in the future. In this week’s episode, Franz-Stefan Gady joins Meia and Antônio to discuss the concepts that underpin debates around future warfighting, and why doctrinal and organisational considerations will play an equal, if not greater, role for military planners looking to prepare for the future.They also discuss the limits of ‘grey-zone’ conflict, why authoritarian regimes may struggle to develop effective military organisational structures and how COVID-19 could impact military operations.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 15 July 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Europe was already facing a host of complex geopolitical and economic challenges at the start of 2020, even before the COVID-19 crisis. In this week’s episode, Meia is joined by Sarah Raine and Fabrice Pothier for a wide-ranging and in-depth discussion on how the EU’s political agenda has been impacted by the pandemic and what issues remain at the forefront of its policy priorities.Domestically, the EU has experienced profound disruption because of COVID-19. Fabrice and Sarah examine how European states and the EU have responded to the crisis, as well as what this disruption means for Germany’s presidency of the Council of the European Union. They also discuss the prospects and dynamics of upcoming UK–EU negotiations.The EU is also managing a busy foreign-policy portfolio. Fabrice and Sarah explore the EU’s complex relationship with China, which is at once a ‘systemic rival’ to the EU as well as its global ‘partner’. They also assess the state of transatlantic affairs, NATO and the possibility of French-led rapprochement with Russia. We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 2 July 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

China has been expanding its economic and diplomatic reach in the Gulf for little over a decade, but should growing Gulf–China relations concern the United States? In this week’s episode, Camille Lons speaks with Antônio and Meia on the dynamics of China’s growing presence in the Gulf, how it has evolved in recent years and its limitations. At its core, China’s interest in the Gulf remains primarily economic rather than security driven. As a result, Gulf states will continue to look to the US as the region’s security guarantor. However, as Camille explains, the recent development of a Chinese base in Djibouti and increasing arms sales to the Gulf from China are significant additions in the Gulf–China relationship.Much will be determined by the post-COVID-19 recovery. Camille explains that the increasing diversity in China’s energy mix may in turn weaken revenues in the Gulf. It is not yet clear how Belt and Road Initiative projects in the region will be affected, but, with increasing collaboration on high-technology projects, China’s presence in the Gulf will likely continue to grow into the future.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 23 June 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Japan was already heading towards economic difficulties before the COVID-19 pandemic shut down the world’s economy. How will Japan’s economy fare in the post-COVID period? And will it affect the country’s geostrategic and geo-economic ambitions? In this week’s episode, Meia discusses these questions with Robert Ward and Yuka Koshino.Robert explains that Japan will likely experience a severe economic shock in the post-COVID period. This will likely have negative implications for the re-election prospects of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, but Robert asserts that Japan will seek to maintain its position as a counterbalance to China in the Asia-Pacific region.Yuka highlights the various defence concerns facing Japan, including an increasingly assertive China and a hostile regime in North Korea. She explains how Japan remains committed to the US alliance and engaged with regional and extra-regional partners.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 16 June 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The profound economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has led some to question the utility and necessity of traditional defence spending as a means of ensuring national security, especially in Europe. In this week’s episode of Sounds Strategic, Antônio speaks with Bastian Giegerich and Fenella McGerty on why defence spending remains important and the implications of the COVID-19 crisis for European defence projects, NATO and the future of the transatlantic relationship.Fenella explains how this current economic crisis is fundamentally different compared to the financial crisis in 2008–09 and why its impact on defence spending will be more complex as a result. Bastian argues that effective defence spending will be critical for Europe in the post-COVID period and highlights the challenges the EU and NATO will face if the US becomes a less reliable ally in the defence of Europe at a time of heightened global competition. We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 10 June 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this week’s episode, Meia is joined by Lynn Kuok and Euan Graham for an in-depth discussion on what China’s activity in the South China Sea means for ASEAN, Australia, the US and Europe, and whether such actions are indicative of shifting geopolitical power dynamics.Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, China has maintained a constant presence in the South China Sea, even encroaching on the Exclusive Economic Zones of several Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia, Vietnam and Malaysia. Lynn explains the factors hindering ASEAN’s ability to curtail such Chinese activity and Euan assesses how Australia is adapting its foreign relations in response to China’s rising status within the international community.Meia, Lynn and Euan also consider the strategic implications of the new Chinese national security laws being imposed on Hong Kong and how they may impact China’s policy towards Taiwan and its foreign policy more broadly.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 4 June 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week, Meia and Antônio are joined by Nick Childs, Senior Fellow for Naval Forces and Maritime Security, for a conversation on the increasingly contested realm of maritime security, how Russia and China are developing their naval capabilities, and what technologies could revolutionise defence affairs at sea in the near future.During the episode, Nick explains why the traditional naval supremacy the US and its allies have enjoyed in recent decades is now eroding, as Russia and China develop their own maritime capabilities, and what impact this may have on both US power projection and global security at sea.They also discuss the specific capabilities Russia and China are adding to their respective navies and why uninhabited systems may be the new frontier for naval competition. We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 2 June 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week, Antonio and Meia are joined by Franck Bousquet, Senior Director of the World Bank's Fragility, Conflict and Violence Group, to discuss a new strategy that aims to enhance the organisation’s ability to support fragile states.By 2030 up to two-thirds of the world’s extreme poor will live in fragile or conflict-afflicted states. The World Bank Group Strategy for Fragility, Conflict and Violence marks an evolution in how the World Bank aims to address the root causes of state fragility and violence. Franck explains how this strategy empowers the World Bank to work across the ‘fragility spectrum’, including a renewed focus on conflict prevention.Meia, Antonio and Franck also discuss the important role public, private and civil-society partnerships play within World Bank projects, the benefits of technology in monitoring and capacity-building in fragile states, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world’s most vulnerable populations.Date of recording: Tuesday 29 April 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this special episode of Sounds Strategic, Meia Nouwens and Antônio Sampaio discuss the major trends in modern armed conflict with contributors from the Armed Conflict Survey 2020, the annual review of the political, military and humanitarian dimensions of all active armed conflicts from the IISS.Meia speaks with Virginia Comolli and Eleanor Beevor on the key features of this year’s edition. The book examines 33 armed conflicts and details their respective conflict groups, strategic implications and prospects for resolution. Virginia explains why the growing intractability and internationalisation of conflicts were chosen as two of the key themes in this year’s edition. Eleanor explores the perceived value of armed UAVs for non-state armed groups and how internal dynamics within conflict groups can influence their activities.Antônio meanwhile chats with Tuesday Reitano from the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime on the practical and political challenges of combatting human trafficking in and out of armed conflict.The Armed Conflict Survey will be published on 27 May 2020. For more information on this year’s edition and how to register for the online launch event please visit the IISS website.Date of recording: Tuesday 19 May 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this week’s episode, Meia Nouwens speaks with Viraj Solanki and Antoine Levesques on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected South Asia.Viraj discusses the ways India’s nationwide lockdown has evolved since it was initially imposed in late March and the impact this response has had on India’s society and economic prospects.Antoine, meanwhile, examines Pakistan’s own response to COVID-19, including the role the military has played in combatting the virus and what this crisis may mean for Pakistan’s economic future.Meia, Antoine and Viraj also discuss China’s burgeoning presence in the region, from the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) to the technical and medical assistance China has given to small island nations in the Indian Ocean.Finally, Viraj explains India’s own efforts to develop its regional leadership credentials by reinforcing its bilateral and multilateral relationships in South Asia and beyond.We hope you enjoy listening to the episode. Don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts.Date of recording: 12 May 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week, Meia speaks with her co-host, Antônio Sampaio, Research Fellow for Conflict, Security and Development, on how Brazil has been impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Brazil’s President Jair Bolsonaro has made headlines due to his unorthodox response to the COVID-19 virus, sacking his health minister, Luiz Mandetta, and largely disregarding or undermining the medical community’s advice on how best to limit the spread of the COVID-19 virus in Brazil. As Antônio explains, this has left the onus on state governments to develop their own responses to the pandemic and put extreme pressure on Brazil’s public health system.Amid this pandemic, Brazil is also experiencing an acute political crisis following the resignation of Bolsonaro’s popular Minister of Justice and Public Security, Sérgio Moro. Antônio assesses how this scandal could impact the Bolsonaro government and Brazilian politics in the future.Finally, in the absence of strong federal leadership, Antonio explores how civil societies, and even some criminal organisations, are taking on new responsibilities to combat COVID-19.We hope you enjoy listening and don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to podcasts.Date of recording: 5 May 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this week’s episode of Sounds Strategic, Antônio Sampaio speaks with Senior Fellow Virginia Comolli and Research Associate Eleanor Beevor from the Conflict, Security and Development Programme at the IISS. They discuss the challenges fragile states face in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, why international organisations are struggling to deliver humanitarian aid and how non-state armed groups have been responding to this global crisis.International organisations, such as the UN and the African Union, have struggled to maintain their commitments in conflict-afflicted countries during the pandemic. Virginia details why this has been the case and how the delivery of humanitarian assistance has been impacted. She also looks at the second-order effects this crisis is having on food security.Non-state armed groups such as Al-Shabaab in Somalia are also complicating responses to the COVID-19 virus. As Eleanor explains, many armed groups are restricting humanitarian access to areas they control, as well as generating counter-narratives on how to best fight the spread of the virus. These factors will likely only worsen the virus among some of the most vulnerable populations.We hope you enjoy listening and don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to podcasts.Date of recording: 28 April 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this week’s episode of Sounds Strategic, Meia Nouwens speaks with Executive Director of IISS–Asia, Dr Tim Huxley, on how countries in Southeast Asia have been handling the COVID-19 pandemic and the wider geopolitical impact the crisis may have on the region.Although a hugely diverse region in political, economic and cultural terms, Tim explains how and why Southeast Asia has, for the most part, managed the COVID-19 crisis more successfully than many Western countries. Crucially, Tim warns that as the economic cost of the COVID-19 pandemic becomes more pronounced, traditional Western security commitments in Southeast Asia, and the Asia-Pacific region more broadly, could weaken further. This possible absence of Western support could provide a committed China an opportunity to change the balance of power in the region in its favour.Tim and Meia also discuss the political risks present in how Indonesia and the Philippines have handled the crisis and why this pandemic could mark a historic shift in geopolitical authority away from the West and towards the East.We hope you enjoy listening and don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to podcasts.Date of recording: 22 April 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this week’s episode, Antonio and Meia are joined by David Gordon, IISS Senior Adviser for Geo-Economics and Strategy, to discuss how the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the global economy, why this crisis is so unique and the prospects for an eventual recovery.The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented and, crucially, near-universal closing of the world’s economy. As David explains, the synchronicity of this shutdown and the simmering rivalry between the US and China are key factors that will likely worsen the economic impact of the crisis and complicate the recovery. David predicts that we will see major changes to global supply-chain dynamics as a result of this crisis, as well as challenges ahead for the international institutions tasked with restoring the global economy in the post-crisis period.During the episode, Antonio, Meia and David also explore how COVID-19 has affected emerging markets, countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative and domestic politics in China.We hope you enjoy listening and don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to podcasts.Date of recording: 17 April 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week, Meia and Antonio are joined by Nigel Gould-Davies, the new IISS Senior Fellow for Russia and Eurasia and Editor of Strategic Survey, for a discussion on how Russia has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.Despite a slow initial response, the Russian government has started enacting stricter controls in an effort to control the outbreak of COVID-19 in the country. However, Putin has remained notably absent in the public management of the crisis and Nigel explores why Putin is instead delegating this key task to trusted allies.While the reliability of official Russian statistics on the extent of the COVID-19 outbreak may be in doubt, Nigel notes the real concerns that this crisis, coupled with a serious drop in the price of oil and gas, could have an even more detrimental impact on Russia’s economy than the 2008 financial crash.Finally, Meia, Antonio and Nigel discuss the methods and motivations behind persistent Russian efforts to use the pandemic to sow further divisions among Western states. Nigel also explores how the COVID-19 crisis has derailed Putin’s domestic agenda, harming his popularity and delaying the planned constitutional amendments that would allow him to remain in power until 2036.We hope you enjoy listening and don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to podcasts.Date of recording: 7 April 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, Mahsa Rouhi and Emile Hokayem join Meia Nouwens for a discussion on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected countries in the Middle East.Iran has been one of the most severely affected countries in the world, with over 3,000 deaths attributed to COVID-19 (as of 2 April 2020). Mahsa explains how the Iranian public has responded to this crisis and why the combination of US sanctions and regime negligence has worsened the outbreak in the country.Conflict-afflicted countries, such as Syria and Yemen, also stand to be gravely affected by this pandemic for a series of reasons, including the lack of medical facilities after years of conflict. Emile explores how this pandemic presents a ‘cascade of problems’ for these countries and will likely exacerbate existing insecurities, especially among vulnerable IDP and refugee populations.Both Mahsa and Emile speak on the mixed role non-state groups have had in combating the virus and why a lack of trust in state institutions has led to weakened public adherence to restrictions aimed at reducing the spread of COVID-19. They finish the episode by noting some positive diplomatic signs occurring during this crisis that could form the basis for renewed regional engagement after the pandemic has passed.We hope you enjoy listening and don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to podcasts.Date of recording: 31 March 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of Sounds Strategic, Antonio and Meia are joined by David Kilcullen, Professor of International and Political Studies at the University of New South Wales in Canberra, and former special adviser to the US Secretary of State between 2007 and 2009. Over the past five years, the world has witnessed some of the largest city-based battles since World War Two. The sieges of Mosul in Iraq and Aleppo in Syria indicate that urban warfighting is to become a key feature of future conflicts. As a result, David argues, traditional Western military doctrine needs to adapt to meet the new challenges of asymmetric urban conflict.David also discusses why the very concept of ‘war’ may become an area of diplomatic tension as China and the West disagree on what constitutes ‘war-like behaviour’, even in peace time.Finally, Antonio, Meia and David explore some of the positive steps NATO has taken to integrate a whole-of-society approach to modern inter-state competition; the possible hazards of the Trump administration’s recent peace deal in Afghanistan; and the common misconceptions around what makes effective counter-insurgency policy.We hope you enjoy the episode but don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on Spotify and Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your podcasts. Date of recording: 4 March 2020Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

James Hackett, Senior Fellow for Defence and Military Analysis, and Tom Waldwyn, Research Associate for Defence and Military Analysis, join Meia and Antonio for this episode to discuss the key trends in defence procurement and capabilities identified in the latest edition of The Military Balance, the Institute’s annual assessment of global military capabilities and defence economics. In recent years, China’s military shipbuilding output has consistently dwarfed that of other countries. Tom and James explain why China requires such an extensive military modernisation programme and identify the practical limitations these new Chinese capabilities may face.James also discusses the re-emergence of peer-to-peer and near-peer competition among the advanced militaries of the US, China and Russia, and what this means for modern international relations.Tom and James also explore the processes and challenges of open-source investigations, how they became interested in military analysis and their reading recommendations for other aspiring military and defence analysts.Reading Recommendations:Michael Howard, The First World War, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002)Bruce Pascoe, Dark Emu: Black Seeds: Agriculture or Accident?, (Victoria: Magabala, 2014)Orr Kelly, King of the Killing Zone: The Story of the M-1, America’s Super Tank, (New Tork: W.W. Norton, 1989)We hope you enjoy the episode and don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe to Sounds Strategic on wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Sir Tom Beckett, Executive Director of IISS−Middle East, joins podcast hosts Meia Nouwens and Antônio Sampaio for this episode of Sounds Strategic.Tom, Meia and Antônio discuss how countries in the Middle East have reacted to United States President Donald Trump’s proposed plan for Israeli−Palestinian peace. Their discussion also highlights why the peace plan might be difficult to implement. Tom gives a short description of the history of the Middle East and examines the role of non-state armed groups in the region, highlighting the recently published IISS Strategic Dossier Iran’s Networks of Influence in the Middle East. Tom, Meia and Antônio also discuss the role of the US and its policy position towards the region at a time when Middle Eastern countries are looking to diversify their relations for the sake of economic protection. Finally, Tom and Meia briefly touch on China’s interests in the region and Chinese arms exports to the Middle East.We hope you enjoy the episode and don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe Sounds Strategic wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In the first episode of the new season of Sounds Strategic, Robert Ward welcomes his new co-hosts Meia Nouwens and Antônio Sampaio on to the podcast.During the episode they discuss the recent election results in Taiwan, the protests in Hong Kong and how the recent coronavirus outbreak has impacted China’s economy and Taiwan. Taken together, these crises have brought new challenges for China’s president, Xi Jinping, suggesting that 2020 may prove to be an especially difficult year for the Chinese leader.New co-hosts Meia and Antônio also reveal their most challenging piece of work at the IISS and what their fantasy research project would be.We hope you enjoy the episode and don’t forget to follow, rate and subscribe Sounds Strategic wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In her final episode as host of Sounds Strategic, Kori Schake is joined by the new director of the IISS Geo-economics and Strategy programme and Japan Chair, Robert Ward.During the episode, Kori and Robert discuss how ageing demographics and economic stagnation severely undercut the optimism that surrounded hopes for Japan’s economic future in the late 1980s. Robert goes on to assess whether China risks following Japan’s path or if there are sufficient differences between the two East Asian countries for China’s economy to continue its growth into the 21st century. Kori and Robert also highlight the vital importance of geo-economics as a means of understanding contemporary international relations, diplomacy and statecraft, and the possible consequences of the increasing bifurcation of the global economy. Finally, Robert explains why the idea that China is carefully following a detailed hundred-year plan towards world domination is the myth that he would most want to dispel from the popular discourse. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Bill Emmott, Chairman of the IISS Trustees, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic.From President Trump’s questioning of traditional US allies and commitments, to growing Russian and Chinese influence in international and regional affairs, 2019 has seen a further erosion of the liberal world order established after the Second World War. In this end-of-year special, Bill Emmott and Kori Schake discuss the challenges the liberal rules-based order has faced over the course of 2019, both from within and without. Bill argues that middle powers such as Japan, France and South Korea may have to adapt to an emerging ‘G2’ world where US–China competition determines relations between states. Kori and Bill also discuss the differences between the regimes of Vladimir Putin’s Russia and Xi Jinping’s China, South Korean and Japanese politics, as well as the need for reinvigorated German leadership in the EU.Date of recording: 9 December 2019Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this special episode, Kori Schake, Deputy Director-General of the IISS, leads a panel of experts to reflect on the major themes of the debate at the IISS Manama Dialogue 2019.Opening the discussion is John Raine, Senior Adviser for Geopolitical Due Diligence, who addresses the changes to the political geography of the Middle East already underway and what they mean for the myriad of internationalised challenges the region is currently facing.Hasan Alhasan, IISS Associate Fellow, notes the deepening geo-economic relationship between the Gulf and Asia, and especially China and India. One challenge Hasan foresees is how Gulf states will effectively convert these burgeoning economic relationships into greater diplomatic and security support from Asian countries. Senior Fellow for Middle East Security, Emile Hokayem, stresses the need to avoid complacency at a time of intense instability in the region. For Emile, battlefield dynamics continue to determine outcomes far more than political processes. Until the various geopolitical competitions being played out across the Middle East are resolved, Emile predicts instability will likely continue. Finally, Bastian Giegerich, IISS Director of Defence and Military Analysis, voices his concerns over NATO as it struggles with a series of internal challenges that have limited its ability to reassure its partners in the Middle East and to present a unified front against pressing regional concerns.Date of recording: 24 November 2019This episode was recorded at the IISS Manama Dialogue in Bahrain.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this special episode recorded at the IISS Manama Dialogue 2019, Kori Schake is joined by Tamara Cofman Wittes, Senior Fellow at the Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution, and Maggie Feldman-Piltch, Founder and Managing Director of #NatSecGirlSquad, for a fascinating and wide-ranging conversation.Recent popular protests in Lebanon and Iraq have shaken the Middle East. Such political turmoil suggests a deep level of dissatisfaction with the status quo in these, and many other, countries in the region. In the cases of Iraq and Syria, government mismanagement and corruption have been perpetuated by external interference by either Iran or Russia, or both. For Maggie, Tamara and Kori, such interference has been, in part, enabled by a general retreat from the region by the US that has allowed emerging powers such as Russia, Iran and even China, to flex their soft power credentials. As Maggie and Tamara argue, the rise of these revisionist powers has profound implications not only for regional governments seeking reliable partners, but it also impacts the information that everyday citizens receive and the opinions they form.Both Maggie and Tamara also talk about the vital importance of diversity and inclusivity in the creation of robust and sustainable national security and defence policy. Whether by modernising recruitment practices or empowering aspiring policymakers, all three women stress the need for greater female inclusion and ‘competent diversity’ in the field of national security. This episode also includes a discussion on the re-emergence of nationalism in response to Russian and Iranian intervention in the region and the key changes required in US Middle East policy to refocus strategic thinking and reassure its allies. Reading recommendations:‘Inclusion and Diversity’, The Brookings Institution (2019) ‘Tehran’s strategic intent’, Iran’s Networks of Influence in the Middle East (London: IISS, 2019) Date of recording: 22 November 2019This episode of Sounds Strategic was recorded at the IISS Manama Dialogue in Bahrain.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this special episode of Sounds Strategic, John Raine, Senior Adviser for Geopolitical Due Diligence, and Kori Schake have an in-depth discussion about the new IISS Strategic Dossier, Iran’s Networks of Influence in the Middle East, and what its findings mean for understanding security in the Middle East today.As the report shows, Iran has meticulously spread its influence across the Middle East since the establishment of the Islamic Republic in 1979. It has done this through a huge variety of relationships with state and non-state groups. It has taken advantage of instability in Iraq following the US invasion in 2003 and has become a vital guarantor for the Assad regime in Syria. In Lebanon and Yemen, it has partnered with non-state groups to further its own strategic objectives. Looking at these networks collectively, as the IISS Strategic Dossier does, it is clear that Iran has curated a comprehensive strategic ‘sovereign capability’ that has been carefully resourced, financed and supported by the Iranian government and one that Iran’s rivals have been unable to counter. During the episode, John Raine and Kori delve further into what this strategic capability means for regional security, the balance of ‘effective force’, the possible risks and limitations of such a capability and what Iran’s rivals can do to counter it. John and Kori also discuss the recent protests in Lebanon and Iraq, and how they may in fact represent a powerful reaction to Iran’s overly effective spread of influence into the Arab world.Recommended reading:‘Tehran’s strategic intent’, Iran’s Networks of Influence in the Middle East, (London: IISS, 2019) Date of recording: 11 November 2019Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Dr Greg Austin, Senior Fellow for Cyber, Space and Future Conflict, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic.As the race to roll out 5G intensifies between China and the United States, Greg and Kori discuss China’s use of cyber espionage and private companies in pursuit of its geopolitical interests and the effect it has on China’s reputation. Greg explains the Cyber, Space and Future Conflict’s new methodology to assess states’ capabilities to use cyber as an offensive weapon, exploring the initial findings from a case study on China. Greg discusses how the “cyber industrial complex” can be understood as a web of political, economic, industrial and scientific relationships and assets, noting that the ICT sector provides a majority of the US’ GDP. He debunks the common conception that China is a leader in cybersecurity, noting that China’s cyber defences are weaker than those of the US and its allies. He highlights that China is actually reliant on US companies to provide cyber protection. Greg and Kori explore how Western media and discussion on China’s power only serves to reinforce China’s propaganda and messaging.Date of recording: 25 October 2019Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Nigel Inkster, IISS Senior Adviser, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic.With the rivalry between the US and China set to become the defining feature of international politics in the 21st century, Nigel Inkster gives context to the geopolitical competition that lies at its heart. Nigel emphasises the important role technology will play in allowing great powers to project their power internationally in the future. He argues that this brings new significance to the Huawei affair and wider US–China trade disputes. Fundamentally, China views the post-World War international order as no longer fit for purpose. It is therefore looking to foster an alternative world order that is more in line with its own political objectives and priorities. Nigel and Kori discuss what the possible features of this Sino-centric world order would be and the profound importance technological innovation around 5G will play in determining who will lead the world in the next century.Recommended Reading: Richard McGregor, The Party: The Secret World of China’s Communist Rulers, (London: Penguin Books, 2012)Nick Bostrom, Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017)Max Tegmark, Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, (London: Penguin Books, 2018)Date of recording: 8 October 2019Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Dr Benjamin Rhode, Research Fellow for Transatlantic Affairs and Editor of IISS Strategic Comments, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic.Transatlantic relations have long been considered a relatively stable area of international diplomacy. However, the realities of the Trump administration in the US and Brexit in the UK have brought new volatility to transatlantic affairs. Dr Schake and Dr Rhode discuss the effects of this new instability in the relationships that have traditionally formed the foundation of the liberal world order. They also explore the emerging crisis in the US administration over President Trump’s call with President Zelensky of Ukraine and the rationality behind French President Emmanuel Macron’s recent overtures to Russia. Dr Rhode also highlights the importance of political culture as a means of understanding and predicting public reactions to domestic and foreign policy. Dr Schake and Dr Rhode agree that historical context often informs how national policy is formed and implemented, but also that popular perceptions around political issues, and even other nations, can change rapidly.Reading recommendations:George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, (London: Secker and Warburg, 1949)Data Visualisation:Charles Joseph Minard, “Figurative chart of the successive losses in men by the French army in the Russian campaign 1812-1813.”, Tableaux graphiques et cartes figuratives (Paris, 1869), p.28Date of recording: 30 September 2019Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Pierre Noël, Senior Fellow for Economic and Energy Security, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic.The recent attacks on the Abqaiq oil processing facility removed half of Saudi Arabia’s oil production from the market instantly. In this episode, Pierre and Kori discuss the short- and long-term impact of these attacks on Saudi Arabian oil infrastructure and what they may mean for both Saudi Arabia’s budget and regional energy security.Pierre also explores the persistent misconceptions that surround concerns over energy independence and dependency. For Pierre, assessing the energy markets that underpin energy supply is a far better means of measuring a country’s, or in the case of the EU, a continent’s energy security.Reading recommendations:Morris Adelman, The Economics of Petroleum Supply, (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993)David JC MacKay, Sustainable Energy – without the hot air, (Cambridge: UIT Cambridge, 2009)Data Visualisation:Richard Newell and Daniel Raimi, ‘The New Climate Math: Energy Addition, Subtraction, and Transition’, Resources for the Future, (October 2018)IISS Event Recording:Kori Schake, Pierre Noël, Sarah Raine and Nicholas Redman, ‘Nord Stream II pipeline: purpose and implications’, IISS Events, (September 2019)Date of recording: 19 September 2019Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in LondonTheme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Antônio Sampaio, Research Associate for Conflict, Security and Development, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic.How to provide robust security in rapidly growing cities has been a persistent challenge for policymakers, especially as more people are expected to move into cities throughout the 21st century. In this episode, Antônio explores the case of Rio de Janeiro, a city that has experienced extreme violence for decades as a result of state neglect and gang activity. Although Rio remains one of the most violent cities in the world, Antônio details some of the successful policies that have brought back a degree of stability and state control in the favelas, unofficial suburbs that have been the traditional heartland of Brazilian gangs.Most importantly, the policy successes and failures that Antônio highlights in his research in Rio have important lessons and applications for urban security in other cities around the world, from countering cartels in Mexico to reintroducing state control in the re-claimed city of Mosul in Iraq.For Antônio, developing effective human-centric approaches to urban security is vital and should be considered of equal importance to wider national-level security sector reform and development efforts before, during and after conflict. Counter to many policymakers’ concerns, Antônio does not believe rapid urbanisation inherently leads to greater violence in cities. He warns that this belief is used to justify military-centric policy that increases police lethality but overlooks local political dynamics within cities. Reading recommendations:Global Initiative Against Transnational Organised Crime and The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), Illicit Order: The Militarised Logic of Organised Crime and Urban Security in Rio de Janeiro, (September 2019)David Kilcullen, Out of the Mountains: The Coming Age of the Urban Guerrilla, (London: C. Hurst & Co., 2013)Benjamin R. Barber, If Mayors Ruled the World: Dysfunctional Nations, Rising Cities, (London: Yale University Press, 2014)Antonio Sampaio, ‘Before and after urban warfare: Conflict prevention and transitions in cities’, International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 98, No. 1, April 2016, pp. 71-95Favourite data visualisation:The Atlas of Urban Expansion, UN HabitatKarachi, The Atlas of Urban Expansion, UN HabitatDate of recording: 6 September 2019Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in LondonTheme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Amanda Lapo, Research Analyst for Defence and Military Analysis, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic.The political and economic crisis in Venezuela has caused a humanitarian emergency, with millions leaving the country. Amanda and Kori discuss the internal and international dynamics that have enabled the Maduro regime to survive despite US sanctions, huge public protests and economic collapse. In the episode, Amanda assesses Russia’s support for the Maduro regime to date and the wider impact recent military agreements between Russia and Venezuela may have on regional security. Kori and Amanda also discuss how the Maduro regime has ensured the loyalty of the Venezuelan military through economic incentives and Cuban assistance. Amanda reinforces the extent Maduro insiders have been disconnected from regular Venezuelan citizens and warns external intervention would likely only exacerbate such differences. Reading recommendations:Michael Reid, Forgotten Continent: A History of the New Latin America, (Yale University Press, 2017)Eduardo Galeano, Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent, (Monthly Review Review, 1971)Amanda Lapo and Antônio Sampaio, ‘Why Venezuela’s military will be key to any transition of power’, IISS Analysis, January 2019Favourite data visualisation:Military Balance +, ‘Venezuela’s Defence Spending (% of GDP)’, The International Institute for Strategic StudiesDate of recording: 20 August 2019Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in LondonTheme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Dr Lucie Béraud-Sudreau, Research Fellow for Defence Economics and Procurement, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic.The humanitarian crisis in Yemen as a result of the Saudi-led intervention, has brought unprecedented pressure on many European states to change their policies toward the export of military equipment. Lucie and Kori begin this episode with a discussion on why some European states have been more resistant than others in adopting these changes. Their conversation expands to recent efforts to develop European defence cooperation. In a challenge to the conventional wisdom on the topic, Lucie suggests that it is in fact France that is the blocking state in furthering intra-European arms development due to its stance on arms exports. Finally, Lucie explains the ground-breaking research, co-authored with Meia Nouwens, that enabled a detailed assessment of China’s growing arms manufacturing industry. This research has become so influential that it now contributes to Defense News’ annual “Top 100 Defense Companies” list.Reading Recommendations:Keith Krause, Arms and the State. Patterns of Military Production and Trade, (Cambridge University Press, 1992)Lucie Béraud-Sudreau and Meia Nouwens, ‘Weighing Giants: Taking Stock of the Expansion of China’s Defence Industry’, Defence and Peace Economics, June 2019Aaron Mehta, ‘Chinese firms bump down Western companies on Top 100 List’, Defense News, July 2019Favourite data visualisation:William Geary, ‘Visualizing US and Russian arms transfers from 1950 through 2017’, Arms Sales: USA vs RussiaWilliam Geary, ‘Visualizing U.S. arms transfers from 1950 through 2017’, The United States of ArmsDate of recording: 8 August 2019Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in LondonTheme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Nicholas Crawford, Research Associate for Conflict, Security and Development, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic.Nicholas and Kori discuss China’s lending to African states, touching on the IMF’s recently approved bailout package for the Republic of Congo and its implications. With a research focus on conflict and development, Nicholas is perfectly placed to explore China’s actions across the developing world within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative. He debunks the idea that China engages in debt-trap diplomacy and deliberately lends money with the goal of trapping other countries, highlighting the economic and political risks that China faces in this situation. With debt levels rising in many countries across the world, Nicholas advocates for greater transparency from China in order to help provide more effective debt relief. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Dana Allin, IISS Senior Fellow for US Foreign Policy and Transatlantic Affairs and Editor of Survival, talks with Dr Kori Schake in this episode of Sounds Strategic.With the resignation of the British Ambassador to the US Sir Kim Darroch weighing heavily on the conversation, Dana and Kori discuss the impact of the episode on the UK’s ‘special relationship’ with the US, and how this may change in the future with a post-Brexit ‘Global Britain’, potentially separate from the EU.Dana challenges the assumed direct link between a state’s willingness to use force and its international credibility. As Kori and he explore, this issue came into stark focus with the aborted US strikes against Iran in retaliation for the downing of an unmanned surveillance drone in June 2019.As both an academic and editor of the IISS journal, Survival, Dana also speaks on his other area of expertise, the Israel–US relationship. As a topic covered in his latest book, Our Separate Ways: The Struggle for the Future of the US–Israel Alliance, Dana explains how the agreement around the liberal values that formed a key element of this historic alliance may come under considerable stress in the future.This episode also features a discussion on the enduring importance and impact of John Hersey’s 1946 classic, Hiroshima.Favourite Data Visualisation:‘Top 15 defence budgets 2018’, in IISS Military Balance 2019, (London: Taylor & Francis, 2019), p. 21‘Top 15 defence budgets 2014’, in IISS Military Balance 2014, (London: Taylor & Francis, 2015), p. 21Reading Recommendations:John Hersey, Hiroshima (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc, 1946)Dana H. Allin and Steven Simon, Our Separate Ways: The Struggle for the Future of the US-Israel Alliance (New York: PublicAffairs, 2016)Date of recording: 11 July 2019Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

John Raine, IISS Senior Adviser for Geopolitical Due Diligence, speaks with Dr Kori Schake in this episode of Sounds Strategic.The dynamics underpinning the international order are in a time of flux. John and Kori discuss the shifting state of geopolitics, where economic interdependence both enables and restrains states and empowers companies to become globally influential.With a long and successful career in the UK Foreign Service, John is uniquely placed to understand and explain the historic shifts in global economic, political and military power that have been occurring over recent years. For John, economic power has taken on a new primacy in the modern age, with deeply interdependent countries competing at unprecedented levels within the economic system. The number and type of actors within this system have also multiplied, with John advocating a need for companies to develop their own foreign policies as their influence begins to surpass that of governments. The mass collection of data has played a crucial role in empowering corporations, and John and Kori discuss how this may affect our understanding of privacy and civil liberties. This is a truly engaging discussion on the future of geopolitics at a time of historic change.Date of recording: 4 July 2019Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Ahead of the European Council meeting on 20–21 June, Sarah and Kori discuss what’s to come in the next few weeks. The outcomes of the negotiations taking place will have implications for the functioning of the Franco-German dynamics that are so critical for the European Union, Sarah explains. Looking at the world from a European security perspective, Sarah examines strategic competition in the Western Balkans, European strategic autonomy and the EU–UK relationship in the years ahead. Sarah and Kori discuss Sarah’s upcoming Adelphi book Europe’s Strategic Future – From Crisis to Coherence, as well as the enduring importance of the United Kingdom for the security of Europe. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of Sounds Strategic, Dr Kori Schake catches up with Aaron Connelly, IISS Research Fellow in Southeast Asian Political Change and Foreign Policy, at the 18th IISS Shangri-La Dialogue.With expertise in the US role in East Asia and the politics and foreign policy of Indonesia, Myanmar and Malaysia, Aaron is best placed to discuss the current developments following the recent elections in Indonesia and Thailand. Kori and Aaron discuss the US–China relationship after major speeches from Patrick Shanahan and General Wei Fenghe at the Dialogue, touching on economic powers and maritime disputes in the South China Sea. Aaron debunks the common portrayal of Aung San Suu Kyi as a powerless leader in Myanmar, emphasising her power to control situations in the country, from the Rohingya crisis to freedom of the press. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this special edition of Sounds Strategic, Dr Kori Schake is joined by a variety of guests at the 18th IISS Shangri-La Dialogue. Following major speeches by defence ministers from across the world, Kori and her guests discuss the key takeaways and provide thoughtful analysis from their areas of expertise. From Huawei to power politics, this episode covers the pressing strategic challenges facing the Asia-Pacific region today. Featured guests in order of appearance:Eric Sayers, Senior Adjunct Fellow for Defense, at the Center for a New American Security.Bonnie Glaser, Senior Advisor and Director of the China Power Project, Center for Strategic and International Studies.Chung Min Lee, Chairman of the Council, IISS; Senior Fellow, Asia Program, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Hervé Lemahieu, Director, Asian Power and Diplomacy, Lowy Institute.Jamie Fly, Senior Fellow and Director, Future of Geopolitics, Asia Program, German Marshall Fund.Antoine Noguier, Head of Strategy, Airbus Defence and Space, Airbus. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Dr Mahsa Rouhi, Research Fellow for the Non-Proliferation and Nuclear Policy Programme, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic. Mahsa and Kori discuss Iran’s nuclear and foreign policy. Their dynamic discussion covers the current heightening of tensions with the US, revolutionary ideology, the strategic security decisions made since the revolution and the bottom-up approach taken to make these decisions.With a research focus on nuclear policy and security strategy in the Middle East, particularly Iran, Mahsa is perfectly placed to explore the country’s actions since the US withdrawal from the JCPOA and what they mean for the region. To avoid misinterpreting Iran’s politics, Mahsa reinforces the importance of analysing both Iran’s nuclear and regional policies against the wider background of its strategic objectives. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Dr Francesca Grandi, IISS Senior Fellow for Conflict, Security and Development and Editor of the Armed Conflict Survey 2019, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic.In this episode, Francesca and Kori discuss the great power dynamics currently unfolding in the Central African Republic with Russia’s growing presence and influence in the Middle East and Africa. Francesca explains Russia’s role in the conflict in CAR and the obstacles to the country’s stabilisation despite the signing of a peace agreement.Francesca expands on how aid is used as a weapon of war in today’s conflicts – a key topic featured in the 2019 edition of the Armed Conflict Survey. With a research focus in conflict analysis and post-conflict justice, she evaluates the norms and tools for the protection of civilians and debunks the concept of ethnic wars, which oversimplifies the multicausal dynamism of armed conflict. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Névine Schepers, IISS Research Associate for Non-Proliferation and Nuclear Policy, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic. Névine and Kori discuss recent developments relating to the civil nuclear export market, highlighting how innovations in legal structures and instruments to safeguard against nuclear proliferation have advanced the cause of non-proliferation. Their lively discussion ranges from analysis of Saudi Arabia’s civil nuclear energy programme, Egypt’s nuclear deal with Russia, concerns about US withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) or Iran nuclear deal, and nuclear energy trends in Russia. With a research focus on Iran and the geopolitics of nuclear energy, Névine examines concerns about Iran, the JCPOA and proliferation in the region. She asserts that the Trump administration’s current position on the Iran nuclear agreement is counter-productive. Névine and Kori also discuss whether Russia’s civil nuclear exports have clear geopolitical implications, and whether Russian exports might lead to weaker nuclear governance compliance. Favourite data visualisation: Time Zone Map: https://www.timeanddate.com/time/map/ Reading recommendations: Névine Schepers, ‘Russia’s Nuclear Energy Exports: Status, Prospects and Implications’, EU Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Papers, no. 69, pp. 1–15 (2019)Tom Zoellner, Uranium (London: Penguin Books, 2010) Date of recording: 24 April 2019 Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Henry Boyd, IISS Research Fellow for Defence and Military Analysis, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic. In this episode, Kori and Henry explore the military dimensions of the new great power competition emerging between a declining United States, a resurgent Russia and a rising China and their implications for international security and defence. They also discuss the impact Russian intervention in Syria has had on contemporary concepts of the legitimate use of force and the ethics of modern warfare. Henry goes on to explain why assessing the military capabilities of countries such as the United States and China requires more than a simple measure of their military hardware. Instead, additional factors must be considered, such as organisation, doctrine and training. Henry also talks about how he first became interested in the subject of defence and security, the virtues of wargaming, and the role human rationale and psychology plays in how we understand modern international affairs, war and policy. Favourite data visualisationRichard J. Heuer Jr, Psychology of Intelligence Analysis, ‘Chapter 12 - Biases in Estimating Probabilities, Figure 18’, CIA Measuring perceptions of Uncertainty | Visual Capitalisthttps://www.visualcapitalist.com/measuring-perceptions-of-uncertainty/ Reading recommendations:Professor Philip Sabin, Simulating War: Studying Conflict through Simulation Games, (London: Bloomsburg, 2014) Further work by the IISS Defence and Military Analysis ProgrammeBastian Giegerich, Christian Moelling et al, ‘Could the EU deliver on its military ambitions after Brexit?’, Military Balance blog, (London: IISS, 2018) IISS Defence and Military Analysis Programme, ‘The Military Balance 2019 wall chart’, The Military Balance 2019, (Abingdon: Routledge, 2019)Date of recording: 8 April 2019Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Emile Hokayem, IISS Senior Fellow for Middle East Security, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic.Emile and Kori give a masterclass in understanding the Middle East and political violence. Emile explains the misconceptions surrounding the state of Iraq before the 2003 invasion, what non-proliferation experts miss about Bashar al-Assad’s use of chemical weapons, and the problematic notion that Iran and Saudi Arabia can and should share the Middle East, thus making it possible for the US to adopt an ‘offshore balancing’ posture, and much more.Emile responds to the US recognition of Israel’s sovereignty over the Golan Heights, and reflects on his recent analysis of the continuation of the Arab Spring, stating that ‘the ebb and flow of street protests will be the new normal.’Emile is perfectly placed to explore the question of conflict in the Middle East, having grown up in Lebanon during some of the most intense years of the civil war, studied in the US during the invasion of Iraq, and used his expertise to conduct field research across the region. With a brief that is constantly in the news, his work and comments are referenced regularly in leading outlets.Favourite data visualisationThe impacts of climate change at 1.5C, 2C and beyond | Carbon Briefhttps://interactive.carbonbrief.org/impacts-climate-change-one-point-five-degrees-two-degrees/Map of Syria: situation as of January 2019, featured in ‘The US withdrawal from Syria’ (IISS Strategic Comment, vol. 25, no. 1, January 2019: https://www.iiss.org/publications/strategic-comments/2019/the-us-withdrawal-from-syria)Reading recommendations:Stathis Kalyvas, The Logic of Violence in Civil Wars (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006) Further writings on Syria and the regional context by Emile:How Syria defeated the Sunni powers (New York Times, 30 December 2016)‘Assad or we burn the country’: misreading sectarianism and the regime in Syria (War on the Rocks, 24 August 2016)Obama’s disastrous betrayal of the Syrian rebels (Foreign Policy, 4 February 2016)Iran, the Gulf States and the Syrian Civil War (Survival, vol. 56, no. 6, November 2014) Date of recording: 25 March 2019Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Meia Nouwens, IISS Research Fellow for Chinese Defence Policy and Military Modernisation, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic.Meia and Kori discuss the economic and intellectual property antagonisms of China’s military development, and the wider economic strategy implications of its goal to become a military world leader by 2030. China seems to have ‘activated the antibodies against [its] continued success’, suggests Kori, referring to the renationalisation of high-tech industries.Meia debunks the myth that China is inflexible because it is an authoritarian government and that, therefore, domestic public opinion doesn’t matter.She asserts that the Chinese public mood is a far greater threat to the Chinese Communist Party than the United States could ever be. Meia and Kori discuss how such assumptions can lead to poor policy decisions by foreign governments.Favourite data visualisation:Xi Jinping’s Thought https://i.stack.imgur.com/tO3Rg.jpgReading recommendations:Philip Ball, The Water Kingdom: A Secret History of China (London: Penguin Random House, 2016)Date of recording: 19 February 2019Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Viraj Solanki, IISS Research Analyst for South Asia, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic.Viraj and Kori discuss the distinct breadth and depth of research produced by the IISS South Asia Programme. Viraj explains how recent events in the Maldives and Seychelles reflect a geopolitical renaissance for small island nations in South Asia.Set within the context of China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Viraj highlights the new importance of small power relations and the scale of renewed engagement by China, India and the West. Kori and Viraj also discuss the future of the BRI and prospects for peace in Afghanistan in this wide-ranging discussion on the region.Favourite data visualisation:Financial Times, How China rules the waves, January 2017Reading recommendations:Christina Lamb, Farewell Kabul: From Afghanistan to a More Dangerous World (London: William Collins Publishers, 2015)Steve Coll, Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden (London: Penguin Books, 2005)Date of recording: 25 January 2019Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Douglas Barrie, IISS Senior Fellow for Military Aerospace, joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic. This new series aims to highlight the breadth and depth of analytical and intellectual talent at the IISS. In this episode, Kori and Douglas examine recent developments relating to the US withdrawal from the INF Treaty, an agreement that has represented the ‘high water mark of arms control’. Discussion ranges from IISS analysis of the likelihood of Russia being in violation, NATO’s joint statement condemning Russian failure to comply, how to bring Russia back into compliance, and the scope for another iteration of the Treaty to include China.IISS’s leading analysis contributed to the UK’s Combat Air Strategy, meaning Douglas is well-placed to debunk the conflation of air power with strategic power, seeing its role best used in concert with other capabilities. Favourite data visualisation:Henry Boyd, 2019 Military Balance wall chartReading recommendations:Piotr Butowski, Russia’s Warplanes Volume I & II (Havertown: Harpia Publishing, 2015 & 2016)Piotr Butowski, Russia Air-Launched Weapons (Havertown: Harpia Publishing, 2017)Colin S. Gray, Understanding Airpower: Bonfire of the Fallacies (CreateSpace, 2009)Colin S. Gray, Another Bloody Century: Future Warfare (CreateSpace, 2005)M. Shane Riza, Killing without Heart: Limits on Robotic Warfare in an Age of Persistent Conflict (Nebraska: Potomac Books, 2013)Date of recording: 11 February 2019 Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London.Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

IISS Research Analyst for Conflict, Security and Development, Dr Eleanor Beevor joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic.With a research focus on East Africa, Eleanor is well-placed to discuss a region that has experienced significant developments in the turn of the year, including the aftermath of recent elections in the DRC. Eleanor’s expertise in the coercive methods of indoctrination and radicalisation in Uganda by the Lord’s Resistance Army under Joseph Kony allows for a fascinating discussion into similar methods used by ISIS.An anthropologist by training, she expounds the virtues of both qualitative and quantitative data analysis, which are central to her work on the IISS Armed Conflict Survey and the Armed Conflict Database.Favourite data visualisation:‘Ecocide in Indonesia’ by Forensic Architecture Reading recommendations:Eleanor Beevor, ‘Coercive Radicalization: Charismatic Authority and the Internal Strategies of ISIS and the Lord’s Resistance Army’, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 496–521.Mike Martin, An Intimate War: An Oral History of the Helmand Conflict (London: Hurst, 2014). Date of recording: 21 January 2018 Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

IISS Senior Fellow for Conflict, Security and Development Virginia Comolli joins Dr Kori Schake for this episode of Sounds Strategic.Leading a team with incredible multidisciplinary strengths, Virginia presents a wide range of issues related to the state of modern conflict in Africa. From explaining the crisis in Cameroon, evaluating the spread of democratic values in the African continent, and debunking the myth of ‘ungoverned spaces’, Virginia explores the variety and depth of her work, and how this contributes to the work of her team as they develop the IISS Armed Conflict Survey and Armed Conflict Database. Favourite data visualisation:The World Economic Forum’s Mapping Global Transformation hub – ‘a dynamic knowledge tool to understand the issues and forces driving transformational change across economies, industries, global issues and the Forum’s system initiatives.’ Reading recommendations:Gary A. Haugen and Victor Boutros, The Locust Effect: Why the End of Poverty Requires the End of Violence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014).Virginia Comolli, Boko Haram: Nigeria’s Islamist Insurgency (London: Hurst, 2015). Date of recording: 22 November 2018 Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Dr Bastian Giegerich, IISS Director of Defence and Military Analysis, joins Dr Kori Schake for the first episode of Sounds Strategic.This new series aims to highlight the breadth and depth of analytical and intellectual talent at the IISS.In each episode, Kori will interview one of the Institute’s researchers about their area of expertise, and how they first got involved in the study of international security and defence. They share reading recommendations and discuss impactful data visualisations. Kori also offers each researcher the opportunity to debunk an analytical or policy myth within their field.In this episode, Kori and Bastian examine the significance of NATO’s Trident Juncture exercise, Russia’s reaction and the question of burden-sharing between the United States and Europe in the transatlantic Alliance.Bastian debunks the myth that Europe can never gain strategic autonomy and suggests that overcoming the ‘progressive anaemia’ in European military capabilities and mentality is imperative to the future of the Alliance.Favourite data visualisation:Armed unmanned aerial vehicles: production and procurement, IISS Reading recommendations:Paul Gordon Lauren, Gordon A. Craig and Alexander L. George, Force and Statecraft (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983).Heiko Biehl, Bastian Giegerich and Alexandra Jonas (eds), Strategic Cultures in Europe: Security and Defence Policies Across the Continent (Wiesbaden: Springer, 2013).Christopher Coker, Rebooting Clausewitz:‘On War’ in the Twenty-First Century (London: Hurst, 2017).Date of recording: 5 November 2018 Sounds Strategic is recorded and produced at the IISS in London. Theme music: ‘Safety in Numbers’ by We Were Promised Jetpacks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.