This is a re-broadcast to honour the memory of the "Boss" Dr. Feliciano. Original shownotes: It’s not an understatement to say that Dr. David Feliciano is a true giant in trauma surgery. Dr. David V. Feliciano received his medical degree in 1970 from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. He completed his general surgery training at Mayo Clinic, in trauma at Wayne State University, and vascular surgery at Baylor College of Medicine (where he trained under Dr. DeBakey). He was Professor of Surgery at Emory University and Surgeon-in-Chief at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia from 1991 to 2011. He is now a Clinical Professor of Surgery at the University of Maryland and an attending surgeon at Shock Trauma. We discuss with him how he recruited such amazing faculty, developing one’s technical skills, research, and the future of trauma. 1.Trauma textbook: www.amazon.ca/Trauma-Eighth-Erne…oore/dp/1259860671 2.“Everything You Ever Wanted to Know about Trauma” public lecture: www.youtube.com/watch?v=99yddsDe6oU 3.“Leftovers” by Dr. Feliciano has one of the best lines in a paper ever: At this point, the chief surgical resident on the trauma service met with the attending surgeon for violating his own well-known rule—“wounds that don’t heal contain dead tissue, infected tissue, cancer, or a foreign body.” www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6263419/ 4.Pitfalls in the management of peripheral vascular injuries. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877918/

We are re-broadcasting this episode in honour of the memory of the late Dr. David Feliciano. Original shownotes: In this episode, we were lucky enough again to be joined by Dr. David Feliciano. Dr. Feliciano is a world-renowned trauma surgeon and a passionate surgical historian. Today he joins us to talk about surgeons who won the Nobel Prize and the complex and rich history that surrounds them. Email us at podcast.cjs@gmail.com or send us a tweet @CanJSurg with your thoughts about this and all our previous episodes. Dr. David V. Feliciano received his medical degree in 1970 from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. He completed his general surgery training at Mayo Clinic, in trauma at Wayne State University, and vascular surgery at Baylor College of Medicine (where he trained under Dr. DeBakey). He was Professor of Surgery at Emory University and Surgeon-in-Chief at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia from 1991 to 2011. He is now a Clinical Professor of Surgery at the University of Maryland and an attending surgeon at Shock Trauma. Links: 1. Nobel Prize winners who were trained as surgeons. Feliciano DV.Am Surg. 2009 Jan;75(1):15-9; quiz 97.PMID: 19213390 No abstract available. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.117…urnalCode=asua 2. Alexis Carrel (1873-1944): Nobel Laureate, 1912. Dente CJ, Feliciano DV.Arch Surg. 2005 Jun;140(6):609-10. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.140.6.609. jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurg…ullarticle/508657 3. Joseph E. Murray (1919- ): Nobel Laureate, 1990. Cash MP, Dente CJ, Feliciano DV.Arch Surg. 2005 Mar;140(3):270-2. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.140.3.270.PMID: 15781791 No abstract available. jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurg…ullarticle/508445 4. Michael Houghton, Winner of 2020 Nobel Prize. www.ualberta.ca/michael-houghton-…l-prize-2020.html

It is with sadness but also profound gratitude that we commemorate the passing of David V Feliciano on January 4, 2024. We invited our friend Neil Parry on the podcast to talk about our memories and the legacy of this amazing surgeon, researcher, and mentor. Links: 1. David V. Feliciano: Contributions to acute care surgery. https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/65/2/E203 2. E27 David Feliciano On Trauma And Culture Building. https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e27-david-feliciano-on-trauma-and-culture-building 3. E46 Nobel Prize Winners In Surgery With David Feliciano. https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e46-nobel-prize-winners-in-surgery-with-david-feliciano 4. Feliciano Favorites with Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Open! https://twitter.com/hashtag/FelicianoFavorites?src=hashtag_click' 5. Southeast Surgical Congress tribute: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRaipv7hG9Y 6. E31 Grace Rozycki On Trauma Ultrasound, Gender Equity, And Mentorship. https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e31-grace-rozycki-on-trauma-ultrasound-gender-equity-and-mentorship/s-cIzPNd8HDtX

We still got more in the vault from CSF 2023! In this episode, Dr. Spoyalo talked about her work on intraoperative warming at Vancouver General Hospital. Listen to the work she's done to understand what goes on for warming (most patients have 11 blankets!) and the modeling she's done to figure out the most effective techniques for warming. Another example of the amazing work being done through Dr. Andrea MacNeill's Planetary Health Lab! Links: 1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10718225/ 2. UBC Planetary Healthcare Lab: https://www.med.ubc.ca/news/planetary-healthcare-lab/ 3. https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e62-andrea-macneill-on-planetary-health-in-the-operating-room

In this special episode, we had the opportunity to do our first live Cold Steel episode! We were lucky enough to be able to have Dr. Justin Dimick join us at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario as part of our William Ersil research day. During this interview we really delved into Dr. Dimick’s life story and his vision for how we can continue to improve the science and craft of surgery. Links: 1. https://surgery.queensu.ca/research/2022-william-ersil-resident-research-day#:~:text=The%20William%20Ersil%20Resident%20Research,the%20supervision%20of%20Attending%20Staff. 2. How I Built This: https://www.npr.org/series/490248027/how-i-built-this 3. https://www.ourherald.com/articles/randolph-nationals-dimick-is-banker-of-the-year/ 4. https://www.ourherald.com/articles/justin-dimick-wins-medical-research-award/ 5. Variation in Hospital Mortality Associated with Inpatient Surgery. https://www-nejm-org.proxy.queensu.ca/doi/full/10.1056/nejmsa0903048 6. Complications, failure to rescue, and mortality with major inpatient surgery in medicare patients. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19953723/ 7. https://www.canjsurg.ca/e60-andrew-ibrahim-on-architecture-visual-abstracts-and-design-in-surgery. 8. Wired article on Andrew Ibrahim. https://www.wired.com/story/lets-save-some-lives-doctors-journey-into-pandemic/ 9. Michigan Mentorship Academy. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLNxqP-XbH8BLhAqx9o_sTLCV2dpGebFM9 10. Chelsea Harris, Justin Dimick, Lesly Dossett. Cultural Complications: A Novel Strategy to Build a More Inclusive Culture. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32740257/

Dr. Haytham Kaafarani is a trauma surgeon at Massachusetts General Hospital. We caught up with him after he recently gave a phenomenal talk at the Canadian Surgical Forum in Vancouver earlier this year. Dr. Kaafarani talked about his work in Lebanon after the explosion in 2020, his research on intra operative adverse events, and ultimately on his work as surgeons as second victims. This episode is a clarion call for surgeons everywhere to develop these support systems for each other. Links: 1. Intraoperative Adverse Events in Abdominal Surgery: What Happens in the Operating Room Does Not Stay in the Operating Room. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27805961/ 2. Derivation and validation of a novel severity classification for intraoperative adverse events. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24702887/ 3. The Surgeon as the Second Victim? Results of the Boston Intraoperative Adverse Events Surgeons' Attitude (BISA) Study. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28093300/ 4. Design and Impact of a Novel Surgery-Specific Second Victim Peer Support Program. https://journals.lww.com/journalacs/abstract/2020/06000/design_and_impact_of_a_novel_surgery_specific.16.aspx

Do you really have to do that appendectomy for acute uncomplicated appendicitis at 2 am??? Now you have level 1 evidence to tell you! Continuing on with our best of Canadian Surgical Forum 2023 series, we interviewed Dr. Zuhaib Mir (current HPB and transplant fellow at Dalhousie University). He spoke on behalf of his coinvestigators on their amazing work on the role of delayed appendectomy for acute appendicitis. YouTube version with video review of the paper: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtOX7kKxe7o Disclaimer: We are not part of the organizing committee of CSF or CAGS. The best way to get all the content is to attend the meeting live in person! See you in Winnipeg in 2024! 1. DELAY trial: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37436871/ 2. www.canadiansurgeryforum.com/

This year we've had the pleasure of introducing a new segment where we highlight some of our favourite sessions from our national general surgery conference, the Canadian Surgical Forum (CSF). In this episode, hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) surgeon Dr. Katrina Duncan (@dockcduncan) and HPB fellow Dr. Richard Gilbert (@RichWDGilbert) update us on the best HPB content from this year's conference. Disclaimer: We are not part of the organizing committee of CSF or CAGS. The best way to get all the content is to attend the meeting live in person! See you in Winnipeg in 2024! Links: 1. Tweetorial from Dr. Duncan and Dr. Gilbert: https://twitter.com/CHPBAsurg/status/1705620586263666971 2. https://www.canadiansurgeryforum.com/

How do surgeons incorporate new techniques, tools and approaches while in practice? Dr. Hugh MacDonald is a colorectal surgeon at Queen's University. He has been in practice for nearly 30 years and has been at the forefront of adopting new techniques into his practice, including laparoscopy and most recently robotic surgery. We talk to Hugh about how he approaches innovation and what drives him to constantly look for better ways to take care of patients. YouTube link: https://youtu.be/FAb2_gsXzAQ Links: 1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35212820/ 2. IDEAL collaborative: https://www.ideal-collaboration.net/ 3. Interview with Sunil Patel: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/sunil-patel-on-robotic-colorectal-surgery-and-spin-in-surgical-research 4. Interview with Antonio Caycedo-Marulanda: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e143-masterclass-with-antonio-caycedo-marulanda-on-transanal-excision-of-rectal-lesions

Dr. Amin Madani is the director of the Surgical AI Research Academy (SARA) at the University Health Network (UHN). He is an endocrine and acute care surgeon at UHN and assistant professor of surgery at the University of Toronto. Dr. Madani talked to us and showed us some of the work he is doing on AI in surgery and in particular on computer vision. He really breaks down for us the terms AI, machine learning, and data science, and highlighted some of the promise and challenges for AI in surgery. Email Dr. Madani: amin.madani@uhn.ca Links: 1. https://temertysimcentre.com/surgical-artificial-intelligence-research-academy-sara/ 2. Video of Go No Go: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MmcW8JK1Qv4 3. Surgical Data Science: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9135051/ 4. Artificial Intelligence for Intraoperative Guidance: Using Semantic Segmentation to Identify Surgical Anatomy During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33196488/

On this episode we were joined by the Twitter (X???) legend Dr. Ron Barbosa. Dr. Barbosa is a trauma surgeon at Legacy Health in Portland, Oregon. He's gained popularity for his fantastic threads on Twitter discussing topics in surgery everyone always wondered about but are too afraid to ask. We also discuss the future of surgery, social media, and surgical education. Links: 1. Ron Barbosa Twitter: https://twitter.com/rbarbosa91 2. Gold handled needle driver: https://twitter.com/rbarbosa91/status/1535125990766268416?lang=en 3. Traction/Countertraction: https://twitter.com/rbarbosa91/status/1587495330639400960?lang=en 4. French scale: https://twitter.com/rbarbosa91/status/1532622531558903808

In this episode, we were joined by colorectal surgeon Dr. Nathan Ginther. Dr. Ginther is based out of the University of Saskatchewan, and is the principle author of the CJS article published in January of 2023, entitled, "A comparison of perineal stapled prolapse resection and the Altemeier procedure at 2 Canadian academic hospitals". https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/66/1/E8 We discuss this paper in detail and rectal prolapse more generally. Email comments/thoughts to podcast.cjs@gmail.com or tweet @CanJSurg

We caught up with Dr. Justin Rivard, new program director at University of Manitoba general surgery residency program! Links: 1. https://umanitoba.ca/medicine/department-surgery/general-surgery-residency 2. https://www.instagram.com/uofmgeneralsurgery/?hl=en

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e146-jonathan-white-surgery101-surgical-education-and-sabbaticals We were joined on this episode by Dr. Jonathan White. Dr. White is a colorectal surgeon at Royal Alexandra Hospital in Edmonton, Alberta, and is the co-creator of @Surgery101, the wildly successful surgical podcast aimed at medical students. Dr. White talked about his early career, the impetus behind Surgery101, as well as his recent sabbatical in Ireland. Links: 1. Surgery101: https://surgery101.org/ 2. Surgery 101: evaluating the use of podcasting in a general surgery clerkship. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22022905/ 3. Paul Duffy on Sabbaticals: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e67-paul-duffy-on-sabbaticals

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e145-masterclass-rob-bechara-optical-evaluation-colonic-polyps On this episode we were joined by the master of optical evaluation of polyps, Dr. Rob Bechara. Dr. Bechara is an advanced therapeutic endoscopist at Queen’s University, and he gave us a masterclass on how to look at polyps and assess what kind of polyp it is. This is an essential primer on important macroscopic and microscopic polyp characteristics and really a must-listen for anyone who does endoscopy, surgeon or gastroenterologist. Also don’t miss his really unique experience training in Japan and what we might learn about our own training models in the process. You can watch the full video at our YouTube channel @coldsteelsurgery. Link to YouTube video: https://youtu.be/XmAI-OyCCd0 Rob Bechara on Twitter: www.twitter.com/robertbechara Rob's YouTube channel: www.youtube.com/@RBEndoscopy Links: 1. Dr. Haruhiro Inoue - https://endoscopyonair.com/members/haruhiro-inoue/ 2. Clinical Importance of Magnification in the Assessment of Colorectal Lesions. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8489521/

All of us at some point in our career experience physical pain while operating. We were lucky to be joined by Dr. Geeta Lal (@geetalalmd on twitter) on the show today to talk about the concept of surgical ergonomics. Make sure you check out the YouTube version of this episode, for a special segment where Dr. Lal looks at some actual footage of us operating and makes some recommendations on what we might do differently. This is such an important conversation on how we can take care of ourselves so we can better care for our patients. Links: 1) https://surgicalergonomics.com/ 2) The Society of Surgical Ergonomics has a variety of information and education materials (including articles): https://www.societyofsurgicalergonomics.org/ 3) https://www.facs.org/for-medical-professionals/education/programs/surgical-ergonomics/recommendations/ 4) Susan Hallbeck OR stretch videos: https://www.mayo.edu/research/labs/human-factors-engineering/or-stretch/or-stretch-videos Bio: Dr. Geeta Lal is a board-certified General Surgeon (both USA and Canada) with advanced Fellowship training in Endocrine Surgical Oncology. She is also a tenured Associate Professor of Surgery with a cross-appointment in Pediatrics at a major academic medical center. Dr. Lal has spent the last 17 years practicing Endocrine surgery and has extensive experience in thyroid and parathyroid surgery, including re-operative surgery and pediatric thyroid cancer. She is also involved in teaching surgical residents and medical students, both in the operating room and clinics. Dr. Lal has served in many different roles throughout her career, including being the Co-Leader of her cancer center’s Endocrine Multidisciplinary Oncology Group and heading an NIH-funded basic science laboratory focused on the role of the Extracellular Matrix 1 (ECM1) gene for many years. She has since transitioned from the lab into an administrative role as the Associate Chief Quality Officer for the Adult Inpatient Services at her hospital. Dr. Lal continues to perform both clinical and quality and safety research and has presented and published her work extensively.

This is a rebroadcast of our conversation with Dr. Tracy Scott, co-program director of the UBC general surgery residency program! Links: 1. https://twitter.com/ubcgensurg?lang=en 2. https://surgery.med.ubc.ca/divisions/general-surgery/ 3. https://gsresidency.surgery.med.ubc.ca/

This is a rebroadcast of our conversation with Dr. Ryan Rochon, program director for the Calgary general surgery residency program! Links: 1. https://twitter.com/calgarygensurg 2. https://www.instagram.com/calgarygensurg/?hl=en 3. https://cumming.ucalgary.ca/departments/surgery/sections/general-surgery

This is a rebroadcast from last year's conversation with former program director Dr. Mike Ott! Please check out new program director Dr. Julie Ann Van Koughnett's twitter handle: https://twitter.com/javankoughnett Links: 1. https://twitter.com/western_gensurg 2. https://www.schulich.uwo.ca/generalsurgery/

This is a rebroadcast of our conversation with Dr. Sender Liberman about the McGill general surgery residency program! Links: 1. https://www.mcgill.ca/generalsurgery/current-residents 2. https://twitter.com/McGillGenSurg

This is a rebroadcast of last year's conversation with Dr. Lucy Helyer on the Dalhousie general surgery residency program! Links: 1. https://medicine.dal.ca/departments/department-sites/surgery/divisions/general-surgery.html 2. https://www.instagram.com/dalhousiegensurg/?hl=en

We had the pleasure of speaking to Dr. Ilun Yang, new program director of the general surgery residency program at McMaster University! Links: 1. https://twitter.com/mcmastersurgery 2. https://surgery.mcmaster.ca/divisions/general-surgery 3. https://www.instagram.com/macgensurg/?hl=en

We had the pleasure of catching up with Dr. Alex Mathieson for the 2nd year in a row to talk about the MUN general surgery residency program! YouTube: https://youtu.be/8Xn8KnamcQ0 Links: 1. https://www.mun.ca/medicine/surgery/ 2. https://www.instagram.com/mungensx/?hl=en

We had the pleasure of speaking to new program director Dr. Michael McCall about the U of A general surgery residency program! YouTube version: https://youtu.be/iD40jZgXcvs Links: 1. Slides: https://docs.google.com/presentation/... 2. Program Website: https://www.ualberta.ca/surgery/divis... 3. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/uofagensurg/

We had the pleasure of speaking with program director and pediatric surgeon Dr. Sarah Jones about the Queen's University General Surgery Program! YouTube: https://youtu.be/RdoEpu_wGjM Links: 1. Queen's General Surgery Department: https://surgery.queensu.ca/postgraduate/general-surgery 2. Twitter: https://twitter.com/QueensGenSurg 3. Queen's Colorectal Surgery: https://twitter.com/QueensCRS

It’s that time of year again, when we have the pleasure of interviewing and selecting our future colleagues. We are, of course, talking about the CaRMS interview process. Most of our listeners will know that CaRMS stands for Canadian Resident Matching Service. Interviews are well underway for final year medical students across the country. Like last year, we felt it would be helpful for prospective applicants to hear from various general surgery programs across the country about what their residency training programmes have to offer. We have a few new programs and a few repeats from our episode from last year. This year we’ve broken it up into separate individual episodes from each program, and you can also find the video version on YouTube channel. Of note, we do not have any affiliation with CaRMS. Please check the CaRMS website for the full list of general surgery residency training programs. Last year, Dr. Ball and I talked a bit about our thoughts surrounding interviews and some general advice to applicants. Stay tuned for a re-broadcast of that conversation. If you have questions or comments, we’d love to hear from you, so email us at podcast.cjs@gmail.com or tweet at us @CanJSurg.

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e143-masterclass-antonio-caycedo-marulanda-transanal-excision-rectal-lesions At the end of the accompanying video to this episode, Dr. Antonio Caycedo-Marulanda shows us some clips of his own operations and shares his tips and tricks. If you like the podcast, give us a review on iTunes and subscribe to us on our YouTube channel @coldsteelsurgery. Links: 1. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: a review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3968206/ 2. Transanal minimally invasive surgery for benign large rectal polyps and early malignant rectal cancers: experience and outcomes from the first Canadian centre to adopt the technique. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5726971/ 3. The surgical defect after transanal endoscopic microsurgery: open versus closed management. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27387173/ 4. E119 Patricia Sylla on taTME, surgical innovation, and SAGES presidency. https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e119-patricia-sylla-on-tatme-surgical-innovation-and-sages-presidency Twitter: https://twitter.com/caycedomarula?s=20&t=wmNjxXb_fhNHbz2eVzDoHQ Bio: Dr. Antonio Caycedo-Marulanda is a colorectal surgeon who was named an associate professor at Queen's University in May 2020, after having worked in Northern Ontario for more than nine years. Dr. Caycedo completed medical school and his initial general surgery residency in his native Colombia. Dr. Caycedo moved to Canada in 2004 to complete his second general surgery residency at the University of Ottawa, followed by a clinical fellowship in colorectal surgery at Western University in London, Ontario. In addition, he received a master's degree in clinical research from Liverpool University (UK). Dr. Caycedo has extensive knowledge in the least invasive treatment of rectal cancer and is always on the hunt for new treatments. He is credited with introducing transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) to Canada and is a national pioneer of transanal Total Mesorectal Excision (taTME). The Royal College of Surgeons of Canada has awarded him board certification in both general and colorectal surgery. Dr. Caycedo pays special attention to clinical research and education; as a result, he has established a number of collaborations with surgeons in Canada and abroad, which has led him to participate in a number of clinical trials. Dr. Caycedo was recently recruited as the head of the division of colorectal surgery at OrlandoHealth.

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e142-masterclass-dennis-kim-trauma-icu-rounds-fascial-dehiscence This week, we were joined by trauma surgeon and podcaster Dr. Dennis Kim. Dr. Kim, among many other things, hosts the very successful and highly educational Trauma ICU Rounds podcast. We in Canada are lucky enough to have him back on Canadian soil, and so on this episode talked to him about his experience moving back to Canada and collaborating to develop a trauma system in Victoria, BC. We then delved into a masterclass on fascial dehiscences, ranging from closure techniques to prevent dehiscences in the first place to strategies for dealing with them when they happen. Links: 1. https://www.traumaicurounds.ca/ 2. STITCH trial: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26188742/ 3. Wittmann Patch: https://medizzy.com/feed/46410 4. ABRA Closure Device: https://www.cjmedical.com/products/specialties/dynamic-tissue-systems/abra-abdominal-wall-closure Bio (from https://medicalstaff.islandhealth.ca/news-events/dr-dennis-kim): Originally from Toronto, Dr. Kim completed medical school at McMaster University followed by General Surgery residency and a Critical Care Medicine fellowship at the University of Ottawa. He subsequently underwent a 2-year fellowship in Trauma & Surgical Critical Care at UC San Diego. Dr. Kim is quadruple board certified in Canada and the US. Dennis has been an attending surgeon in the Division of Trauma/Acute Care Surgery/Surgical Critical Care at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center in South Los Angeles since 2012, where he served as the Medical Director of the Trauma SICU and Chair of the Hospital Critical Care Committee. An avid educator and recipient of several teaching awards, Dr. Kim is an Associate Professor of Clinical Surgery and the former Co-Chair of the College of Applied Anatomy at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. Dr. Kim is actively involved in and holds numerous leadership roles in several key national trauma organizations including EAST, AAST, and the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. He has published over 140 peer-reviewed publications, 25 book chapters, and several Practice Management Guidelines focused on the optimal care of critically injured and ill patients. Dr. Kim hosts the very popular Trauma ICU Rounds Podcast and is active across several social media platforms. Dr. Kim joins us with his wife, Alexis, their four children, and dog. Traveling, cooking, and spending time in the outdoors are but a few of the activities that help bring balance and joy to the de Rosenroll-Kim family. Dr. Kim brings with him a wealth of experience regarding trauma program development, performance improvement, and patient safety initiatives.

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e141-journal-club-morad-hameed-cardiac-injuries In this “journal club” edition of the podcast, we are joined by the thoughtful trauma guru Dr. Hameed to talk about his paper in the Canadian Journal of Surgery (CJS). This paper, authored by Drs. Ball, Lee, Kaminsky and Hameed gets at the “heart” of both the decision-making and technical aspects of treating penetrating cardiac injuries. YouTube version: https://youtu.be/_g6Nu66Q3AM YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@coldsteelsurgery Links: 1. Technical considerations in the management of penetrating cardiac injury: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/65/5/E580 2. Sternotomy or drainage for a hemopericardium after penetrating trauma: a randomized controlled trial. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23604058/ 3. A caveat to the Performance of Pericardial Ultrasound in Patients with penetrating Cardiac Wounds. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19901678/ Morad Hameed Bio: Dr. Morad Hameed is a trauma surgeon and intensivist at the Vancouver General Hospital (VGH) and an Assistant Professor of Surgery at the University of British Columbia (UBC). He completed medical school and surgical residency at the University of Alberta, graduate studies in public health at Harvard University, and fellowships in Trauma Surgery and Surgical Critical Care at the University of Miami. He spent 3 years on the surgical faculty at the University of Calgary, before moving to Vancouver. He is the Head of the UBC and VGH Division of General Surgery and is a Service Chief for Acute Care Surgery at VGH. He also chairs the Research Committee of the Trauma Association of Canada, and is the immediate past chair of the Canadian Association of General Surgeons Committee on Acute Care Surgery. His research focuses on systems of trauma care and acute care surgery. Dr. Hameed’s research teams have received grants from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research, and other funding agencies for their work on disparities in injury risk and access to trauma systems in Canada. The development of promising partnerships with trauma investigators at the University of Cape Town has recently extended this work to South Africa.

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e140-mark-soliman-surgeon-developing-new-social-media-app-and-entrepreneurship-surgeons We are absolutely delighted to be back with you all, and starting up our new season of Cold Steel! After a few months' hiatus, we are excited to bring you lots of fresh new content, and especially more video content to accompany the podcast. For this episode, we had the opportunity to bring back Dr. Mark Soliman, chief of colorectal surgery at AdventHealth Orlando, to talk about his exciting new venture to develop a social media app for surgeons. The app is called SurgeON. Dr. Soliman talks to us about entrepreneurship and what it takes to build a new social media platform. As always, we’d love to hear your feedback at podcast.cjs@gmail.com or tweet at us @CanJSurg. YouTube version: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6toT2jzKrWk Links: 1. Cold Steel YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@coldsteelsurgery 2. Mark Soliman on Robotic Colorectal Surgery and Videos in Surgical Education: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e71-mark-soliman-on-robotics-and-videos-in-surgery 3. SurgeON App: https://surgeonapp.com/ 4. Lean Product Playbook: https://leanproductplaybook.com/ Mark Soliman Twitter: @marksoliman Mark Soliman YouTube: www.youtube.com/marksoliman Bio (from https://www.adventhealthcancerinstitute.com/meet-our-cancer-team/mark-soliman): Mark Soliman, MD, FACS, FASCRS is a board-certified colon and rectal surgeon. He is the Medical Director of Colorectal Surgery for the AdventHealth Digestive Health and Surgery Institute and also the Department Chairman for Colorectal Surgery. A Florida native and a proud graduate of the University of Florida, he was part of an elite junior medical program through which he earned both his undergraduate and medical degrees with honors by age 23. After serving as Chief Resident at Baptist Health System in Birmingham, AL, he obtained his advanced subspecialty training in Colorectal Surgery at the Colon and Rectal Clinic of Orlando. Dr. Soliman is one of the most recognized colorectal surgeons nationwide in robotic colorectal surgical operations and has written nearly 50 book chapters, scientific abstracts, and manuscripts on this and its related fields. He is proficient in the Arabic language.

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e139-neil-smart-parastomal-hernias We recorded this episode live at the 2022 Canadian Surgical Forum in Toronto, Canada. We managed to catch up with the globetrotting colorectal surgeon, Dr. Neil Smart, after his in-depth session at CSF on parastomal hernias. Dr. Smart is based out of Exeter, UK, and is the current editor-in-chief of the Journal of Colorectal Disease. In this masterclass episode, we delved deep into the management of parastomal hernias, covering stoma formation itself to the surgical management of this complex disease. Be sure to check out the links to Dr. Smart's study in the show notes. Neil Smart Twitter handle: @Neil_J_Smart Links: 1. Cohort study to Investigate the prevention of Parastomal Hernia (CIPHER) study: Cohort study to Investigate the prevention of Parastomal Hernia (CIPHER) 2. Twitter link to CIPHER study: https://twitter.com/TheCIPHERStudy?s=20&t=ECwhYqAUrf43WN9h0SuFzw 3. PROPHER study: https://www.escp.eu.com/research/cohort-studies/2019-patient-reported-outcomes-after-parastomal-hernia-treatment 4. Twitter link to PROPHER study: https://www.escp.eu.com/research/cohort-studies/2019-patient-reported-outcomes-after-parastomal-hernia-treatment Bio (from https://www.europeanherniasociety.eu/new-ehs-wing-members): Neil Smart is an academic surgeon at the Royal Devon & Exeter hospital & Honorary Associate Professor at the University of Exeter Medical School. His clinical practice includes subspecialty interests in rectal cancer, hernia prophylaxis, incisional hernia repair / complex abdominal wall reconstruction and parastomal & perineal hernias. Neil has been involved in hernia research for over 15 years, leading a range of study designs from clinical to translational studies, and participating in RCTs and qualitative research. Most notably: • generated over £1.3 million total in research funds directed primarily at hernia research. • Chief Investigator of the NIHR funded CIPHER study on parastomal hernia. • translational work into mesh characteristics. • co-applicant of research onto parastomal hernia repair, incisional hernia outcomes reporting and the impact of Covid on hernia surgery. Neil has published extensively in the field of hernia surgery and mesh, including 3 hernia related guidelines for EHS & ACPGBI on parastomal & perineal hernias. He has been a specialty advisor to NICE for mesh & stomas since 2018. Neil is Editor in Chief of the journal Colorectal Disease and has provided peer review for over 20 other journals. He has provided peer review for grant awarding bodies including NIHR / MRC / RCUK / AMRC.

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e138-heather-patterson-her-new-book-shadows-and-light-documenting-covid-19-and-burnout Sometimes it’s hard to process what we’ve all been through collectively over the last 2 years since the start of COVID-19. Canada's health care system is facing tremendous strain, and it’s likely fair to say that many health care workers are facing burnout. Our guest for this week’s episode had an inspiring response to her own feelings of burnout and frustration. Dr. Heather Patterson is an adult and pediatric emergency physician in Calgary. She just released her book, Shadows and Light, a book of photographs that document the experience of dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. We caught up with her to ask her about her motivation for the book and what’s she’s learned along the way. Check out some pictures from her book at the links below! Buy Dr. Patterson's book here: https://gooselane.com/products/shadows-and-light 1. Dr. Patterson's website: https://www.heatherpattersonphotography.com/ 2. Dr. Patterson's instagram: https://www.instagram.com/heather.l.patterson/?hl=en 3. Pictures of Sam and Jim: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1LhFPORGlkhUdqjgExu8XrP4NxETG08V6?usp=sharing Bio: (from https://www.heatherpattersonphotography.com/about) I am an emergency physician, photographer and mom of 2 who specializes in lifestyle and medical photography. My images capture the raw emotions and realities of daily life and celebrate the unique personalities and stories of our lives. My current project shares the authentic story of patient experiences and the healthcare team collaboration in Calgary, Alberta during the COVID-19 pandemic. I hope that this celebration of our shared humanity generates empathy and inspires others to see what we can accomplish when we work together.

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e137-elijah-dixon-mindfulness-meditation-and-being-past-president-cags-and-ahpba This week we caught up with Dr. Elijah Dixon, a liver and pancreas surgeon at the University of Calgary, to talk about mindfulness and meditation. Dr. Dixon really opened our eyes to how those practices might help us both inside and outside the operating room. We also asked Dr. Dixon about what it was like to be the president of the Americas Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association as well as the Canadian Association of General Surgeons. Links: 1. Eckhart Tolle: https://eckharttolle.com/ 2. Waking Up app: https://www.wakingup.com/ 3. One Blade of Grass: Finding the Old Road of the Heart, a Zen Memoir by Henry Shukman. https://www.amazon.ca/One-Blade-Grass-Finding-Memoir/dp/1640092625 4. Jillian Horton interview: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e83-jillian-horton-on-writing-burnout-and-the-quest-for-a-better-culture-in-medicine 5. Stroke of Insight TED talk: https://www.ted.com/talks/jill_bolte_taylor_my_stroke_of_insight?language=en Bio (taken from https://cumming.ucalgary.ca/sites/default/files/teams/236/april-2016-newsletter.pdf): Dr. Dixon is a Professor of Surgery, Oncology and Community Health Sciences with the University of Calgary. He is a practicing General Surgeon at Foothills Hospital with a focus in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery. Dr. Dixon completed his Undergrad in General Science and Medical School at the University of Manitoba, and then Surgical Residency at the University of Calgary. From there he went to the University of Toronto and did a Fellowship in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery and GI Transplantation at the Toronto General Hospital. He then proceeded to the Harvard School ofPublic Health and did a Masters in Epidemiology. Dr. Dixon’s research interests include the development of quality indicators of care for patients undergoing hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. He conducts clinical research, particularly in the area of hepato-pancreatico-biliary surgery.

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e136-corrie-white-medical-office-assistants-setting-office-emrs-and-billing This week on the podcast we invited Corrie White, an absolutely fabulous and experienced Medical Office Assistant, to talk about what it takes to set up a well-functioning office. Corrie breaks down how to find a good assistant and what goes into setting up an efficient system. We’d love to hear from listeners: What do you wish you had known when you were first setting up your practice? Email us a podcast.cjs@gmail.com or tweet at us @CanJSurg. We’d like to make a plug for the upcoming Canadian Surgical Forum or CSF. This year the conference is happening in Toronto from September 15th to the 17th. There is a fantastic program this year, so be sure to register and attend. At the very least, follow the session highlights on Twitter with the hashtag #CSF2022. Links: 1. Canadian Surgery Forum: https://www.canadiansurgeryforum.com/ 2. https://www.lx.com/social-justice/a-gynecologist-asked-women-how-to-design-his-new-office-the-answers-are-so-on-point/45960/#:~:text=Ryan%20Stewart%2C%20has%20gone%20viral,in%20Indianapolis%20in%20early%202022.&text=I%20have%20the%20opportunity%20to%20design%20my%20office%20from%20scratch. 3. Corrie's farm and campground! Washtockfamilyfarm.ca Bio: Corrie White has been a Medical Office Assistant (MOA) for over 12 years, with experience in helping physicians start and develop their practice. She can be reached at: Corriewhite99@gmail.com. She can also be found on Instagram at corriewhite99.

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e135-how-publish-papers-wendy-carroll This week we got to peek behind the curtains of academic publishing with Wendy Carroll. Wendy is the Managing Editor of the Canadian Medical Association Journal Group. Wendy had some amazing insights into what goes on during the submission process, as well as the overall landscape for journals in 2022. Perhaps our favourite part of our conversation with Wendy was her tips about what makes for good writing! Links: 1. Eight Step editing: https://www.editors.ca/eight-step-editing-jim-taylor-0 2. Predatory publishing solicitation: a review of a single surgeon's inbox and implications for information technology resources at an organizational level. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34105930/

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e134-masterclass-charles-vollmer-cystic-neoplasms-pancreas-part-2 Dr. Charles Vollmer is the Chief of GI surgery at the University of Pennsylvania and is a passionate pancreatic surgeon. This is the second part of our masterclass series with Dr. Vollmer on cystic lesions of the pancreas. In part II, Dr. Vollmer dives deep specifically on IPMNs, giving us an in-depth discussion of types of IPMNs, the various guidelines for IPMN management, as well as an overview of operative principles for resecting IPMNs.

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e133-masterclass-charles-vollmer-types-and-workup-cystic-neoplasms-pancreas Dr. Charles Vollmer is the Chief of GI Surgery and Director of Pancreatic Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania. He is a repeat guest of the show. We were lucky enough to have him do another masterclass for Cold Steel, this time on cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. In part 1 of this masterclass, Dr. Vollmer gives us an overview of cystic lesions of the pancreas, as well as their diagnosis and management. Make sure to check out part 2 as well, where Dr. Vollmer specifically focuses on IPMNs. Links: 1. https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e33-chuck-vollmer-on-peer-review-and-productivity 2. https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e82-charles-vollmer-on-pancreatic-fistulas Bio: Dr. Charles Vollmer is the Chief of GI Surgery and Director of Pancreatic Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania where he holds the rank of Professor of Surgery. Dr. Vollmer began his career at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston where he served as an Assistant Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School before moving to Penn in 2011. He specializes in Pancreaticobiliary and other complex gastrointestinal surgery with a clinical research focus in outcomes assessment of high-acuity surgery. He has authored over 100 manuscripts and numerous book chapters. He is active in multiple national and international surgical societies where he has served in various leadership positions, including being a past President of the AHPBA. He is the current Scientific Program Chair for the IHPBA, and sits on their Executive Committee and Council. He is currently a reviewer for over 20 medical specialty journals and is on the Editorial Boards of Annals of Surgery, Surgery, HPB, JOGS, and the Journal of Surgical Oncology.

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e132-donna-kimmaliardjuk-breaking-down-barriers-and-caring-indigenous-patients On this episode, we had the privilege of speaking with Dr. Donna Kimmaliardjuk (@DKimmaliardjuk on Twitter). Dr. Kimmaliardjuk is the first Inuk cardiac surgeon in Canada and has won numerous awards for her trailblazing work. We were lucky enough to catch up with her to ask her about her career and get her thoughts on how we can both make surgery a more inclusive profession and how we can better serve our Indigenous patients. Links: Twitter: https://twitter.com/DKimmaliardjuk?s=20&t=DnmhGW0RRouo2ojP9oPEDQ 1. I had to open his chest to save his life. That’s the day I felt, this is badass. https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/03/08/i-had-to-open-his-chest-to-save-his-life-thats-the-day-i-felt-this-is-badass.html 2. Postoperative outcomes for Nunavut Inuit at a Canadian quaternary care centre: a retrospective cohort study. https://www.cmajopen.ca/content/10/2/E304 3. Canada's first Inuk heart surgeon returns from U.S. to take job in St. John's. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/donna-may-kimmaliardjuk-cardiac-surgeon-1.6166828 4. Canada’s first Inuk cardiac surgeon gets to the heart of the matter. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/adv/article-canadas-first-inuk-cardiac-surgeon-gets-to-the-heart-of-the-matter/ 5. If Joyce Echaquan were white, she would still be alive, Quebec coroner says. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/echaquan-coroner-report-health-care-system-racism-1.6199964 Bio: Dr. Donna May Kimmaliardjuk is Canada's first Inuk cardiac surgeon. She attended medical school at the University of Calgary and then was matched to the University of Ottawa for her cardiac surgery residency. She went on to train at the prestigious Cleveland Clinic for her fellowship. She has won numerous awards, including the 2018 Indspire award. She is currently a staff cardiac surgeon at Eastern Health in St. John's, Newfoundland.

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e131-jeff-way-spirituality-surgery-managing-busy-practice-and-advocacy We touched some “taboo” subjects today on the podcast – money and religion! Dr. Jeff Way is a trauma and general surgeon in Calgary. Today we asked Dr. Way about his interest in spirituality and how that has affected his career, inside and outside the operating room. We got his thoughts on managing a busy practice as well as his work on a provincial and national level with the government on healthcare and billing. Links: 1. Establishment and cost analysis of an office surgical suite. https://www.nlc-bnc.ca/eppp-archive/100/201/300/cdn_medical_association/cjs/vol-39/issue-5/0379.htm

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e130-homer-tien-ornge-emergency-transport-covid19-vaccine-distribution-leadership Dr. Homer Tien is a trauma surgeon at Sunnybrook Hospital in Toronto. We were so excited to have him on the show because of the incredible work that he has done in multiple leadership roles, more recently as the president and CEO of ornge, Ontario’s air ambulance and transport service. Largely because of the amazing work he had done with ornge, Dr. Tien was also made in charge of the COVID19 vaccine distribution task force back in April 2021. This was a conversation about trauma care, paramedic services, and air ambulances, but even more importantly, we got to hear Dr. Tien’s insights on leadership. Links: 1. Preventable Deaths From Hemorrhage at a Level I Canadian Trauma Center. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fernando-Spencer-Netto/publication/6585292_Preventable_Death_From_Hemorrhage_at_a_Level_I_Canadian_Trauma_Center/links/5a1d4cd50f7e9b2a5317123c/Preventable-Death-From-Hemorrhage-at-a-Level-I-Canadian-Trauma-Center.pdf 2. Ornge. https://www.ornge.ca/home 3. Amid third wave, U of T’s Homer Tien takes over province’s COVID-19 vaccine task force: CBC. https://www.utoronto.ca/news/amid-third-wave-u-t-s-homer-tien-takes-over-province-s-covid-19-vaccine-task-force-cbc 4. Clinical handover from emergency medical services to the trauma team: A gap analysis. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33084560/ 5. Operation Remote Immunity 3.0 wraps up after coordinating nearly 200 vaccine clinics in 29 remote and isolated communities. https://www.canada.ca/en/indigenous-services-canada/news/2022/02/operation-remote-immunity-30-wraps-up-after-coordinating-nearly-200-vaccine-clinics-in-29-remote-and-isolated-communities.html Bio: Tien earned a bachelor's degree in biochemistry from Queen's University in 1989.In 1992, he graduated with a Doctor of Medicine from McMaster University. He then pursued residency training in family medicine before obtaining his Independent Practice Certificate in 1993. His training was sponsored by the Canadian Forces. After training, he was then posted with the Field Ambulance at CFB Petawawa, and served as the unit medical officer for the 1st Battalion of the Royal Canadian Regiment. While at RCR, he deployed to Croatia on Operation Harmony. He then deployed to Bosnia with IFOR on Operation Alliance. He then served with Canadian special forces at Dwyer Hill Training Centre as their first unit medical officer. He has also deployed to the Golan Heights, and has worked with Veterans Affairs in the recovery of RCAF airmen missing from World War II, in the Burma recovery mission. He later underwent four years of further residency training in general surgery via the Canadian Forces and the University of Toronto from 1998 to 2002. As a Canadian Forces surgeon, he also deployed to the NATO-led multinational stabilization force in Bosnia in 2003, to Kabul with ISAF in 2004, and multiple times to the Role 3 Multinational Medical Unit in Kandahar. In 2007, he earned a Master of Science in clinical epidemiology from the University of Toronto. He is currently the president and CEO of Ornge, an air ambulance non-profit based on Ontario. He also holds the rank of colonel in the Canadian Forces Health Services, associate professorship at the University of Toronto,and was the former director of Trauma Services at Sunnybrook's Tory Regional Trauma Centre. He is the first to hold the Canadian Forces Major Sir Frederick Banting Term Chair in Military Trauma Research. In April 2021, Tien was appointed to head Ontario's COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution Task Force for Phase 2 of the rollout

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e129-paul-mcbeth-engineering-and-surgery This week we heard from Dr. Paul McBeth, intensivist and trauma surgeon at the University of Calgary. Dr. McBeth combines his unique engineering background with surgery, and shared his insights on how we all might use an engineering mindset to discover new ways of looking at old problems. Links: 1. Robotics in neurosurgery. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15476655/ 2. Cost-effective remote iPhone-teathered telementored trauma telesonography. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21150536/ Bio: Dr. Paul McBeth is a Clinical Associate Professor in the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine at the University of Calgary. He began his career as an engineer with post graduate training in surgical robotics and human performance evaluation. He participated in the design and development of Project neuroArm: an image-guided neurosurgical robot system. During his medical training he continued to develop his research interests in robotics and remote ultrasound. Dr. McBeth completed post graduate training in General Surgery at the University of Calgary with sub-specialty training in Critical Care Medicine at the University of British Columbia and Trauma Surgery at the Elvis Presley Memorial Trauma Centre in Memphis, Tennessee. Dr. McBeth also holds an Adjunct position at the Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary where he is involved the a number of technology development projects. He has over 75 peer-reviewed publications and is currently leading a research program supporting intelligent systems monitoring for pre-hospital transport of critically ill patients.

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e128-helen-pham-australian-surgical-training-programs-and-advice-starting-residency A big welcome to all the new resident starting this week on their journeys to become physicians and surgeons. To help you on the journey, we caught up with Dr. Helen Pham. Dr. Pham is a clinical associate lecturer at the University of Sydney and is the current HPB fellow at the University of Calgary. Dr. Pham shared with us some of the differences in training paradigms for surgical programs between Canada and Australia, and also gave us her invaluable advice for new trainees. We would love to hear your tips – what do you wish you knew when you were starting out as a PGY1? Email us at podcast.cjs@gmail.com or tweet at us @CanJSurg. Links: 1. Dr. Pham's notes, textbook recommendations: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1x-QJxNi6T-p5EgNy4ChwImmn2KtzlSAN?usp=sharing 2. QxMD: https://read.qxmd.com/ 3. 100 years of surgical education: the past, present, and future. https://bulletin.facs.org/2013/07/100-years-of-surgical-education/ 4. Five things they don’t teach you in medical school. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5042714/ Bio: Dr. Helen Pham is an HPB fellow at the University of Calgary. She was previously the Clinical Superintendent of Surgery at Westmead Hospital. She has a number of publications in liver and pancreatic surgery.

Podcast transcript: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e127-rob-leeper-competitive-motivation-trauma-simulation-and-starting-out-practice Dr. Rob Leeper is a trauma surgeon at Western University in London, Ontario. We spoke with Dr. Leeper about his work on trauma simulation and particularly on his work on data drive competitive motivation strategies. Finally, Dr. Leeper shared with us the tips that he wished he had when started out in practice. Links: 1. Data Driven Competitive Motivation Strategies in a Longitudinal Simulation Curriculum for Trauma Team Training. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30833203/ 2. Multidisciplinary Difficult Airway Course: An Essential Educational Component of a Hospital-Wide Difficult Airway Response Program. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29628333/ 3. The role of trauma team leaders in missed injuries: does specialty matter? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24089109/ Bio: Dr. Rob Leeper is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Surgery at Western University. He is an acute care and trauma surgeon with an interest in resuscitation, both inside and outside the operating room. He did residency in Western and went on to do a prestigious trauma fellowship at Johns Hopkins University. He is the father of 3 and a former college football player.

Lauren Kirwan is the nurse clinician for general surgery at the Foothills Medical Centre. She is currently finishing up her nurse practitioner degree. We wanted to ask Lauren her thoughts about what it means to be an OR nurse and what she wishes surgeons would do to make the OR environment better. We also hear about the impact of COVID19 on our nursing colleagues. We’d love to hear from our nurse listeners – what are some things that make your day or make you mad in the operating room? Email us at podcast.cjs@gmail.com with your thoughts and comments. Links: 1. Melinda Davis on the Anesthetist - Surgeon relationship: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e40-melinda-davis-on-career-counseling-and-the-anesthetist-surgeon-relationship 2. Atul Gawande paper on Safe Surgery Checklist implementation in South Carolina. Perception of Safety of Surgical Practice Among Operating Room Personnel From Survey Data Is Associated With All-cause 30-day Postoperative Death Rate in South Carolina. https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Abstract/2017/10000/Perception_of_Safety_of_Surgical_Practice_Among.14.aspx

We had the unique opportunity on this episode to speak with the Honourable Minister John Haggie. Dr. Haggie is a general surgeon who spent his career in Newfoundland and Labrador, and went on to become a Member of the House of Assembly in 2015. He was appointed to be the Minister of Health at that time and has continued to serve in that porfolio ever since. We spoke to him about his fascinating life story, his thoughts on leadership and the role of physicians in politics, and about his favourite book Shogun! Bio (fromhttps://www.gov.nl.ca/hcs/department/minister/): The Honourable John Haggie Minister of Health and Community Services Born in England, the Honourable John Haggie completed his medical studies at Victoria University in Manchester. He held several positions as physician, surgeon, tutor and registrar in the North West region of England and after a two-year fellowship, he received a doctorate in cancer research. Since moving to Canada in the early nineties, Minister Haggie has had a long and distinguished career in medicine in Newfoundland and Labrador. He practiced initially as a general surgeon in St. Anthony with the Grenfell Region Health Services. In 1997, he was appointed attending surgeon of general and vascular surgery at James Paton Memorial Hospital in Gander. In 2008, he was appointed Chief of Staff at James Paton Memorial Hospital. Dr. Haggie served as President of the Newfoundland and Labrador Medical Association and the Canadian Medical Association. In Newfoundland and Labrador’s 2015 general election, he was elected MHA for the District of Gander and appointed to Cabinet to serve as the Minister of Health and Community Services, and continues to serve in that portfolio. Dr. Haggie resides in Gander with his wife Jeanette and two Westies, Chloe and Gracie.

This week on the podcast we spoke with Dr. Paul Engels, a trauma surgeon from McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. We got into some pretty detailed discussions around trauma training specifically, but more broadly about how we define what a resident should be able to perform at the end of training. Links: 1. The current state of resident trauma training: Are we losing a generation? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29806811/ 2. Canadian Collaborative on Urgent Care Surgery (CANUCS): https://canucs.ca/ 3. Cause for concern: Resident experience in operative trauma during general surgery residency at a Canadian centre. https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cmej/article/view/69323/54233 4. Toward an all-inclusive trauma system in Central South Ontario: development of the Trauma-System Performance Improvement and Knowledge Exchange (T-SPIKE) project. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33720676/ 5. ASSET course: https://www.facs.org/quality-programs/trauma/education/asset/ 6. Treatment of Ongoing Hemorrhage: The Art and Craft of Stopping Severe Bleeding. https://www.amazon.ca/Treatment-Ongoing-Hemorrhage-Stopping-Bleeding/dp/3319634941. 7. Simulated Trauma and Resuscitation Team Training (S.T.A.R.T.T) course: https://caep.ca/cpd-courses/simulated-trauma-and-resuscitation-team-training-s-t-a-r-t-t/ 8. Definitive Surgical Trauma Care (DSTC™) Courses. https://iatsic.org/DSTC/ 9. Advanced Trauma Operative Management (ATOM) course. https://atomcourse.com/#:~:text=The%20Advanced%20Trauma%20Operative%20Management,post%2Dcourse%20exams%20and%20evaluations. 10. BEST - Basic Endovascular Skills for Trauma. https://medschool.ucsd.edu/som/surgery/divisions/trauma-burn/training/courses/Pages/REBOA-Course.aspx. Bio: Paul Engels is a Trauma/General Surgeon and Intensivist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. He completed his residency in General Surgery and fellowship in Critical Care at the University of Alberta. He completed a fellowship in Trauma & Acute Care Surgery at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto. He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Canada and the American College of Surgeons, as well as a member of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma.

This week we were joined by Dr. Pasieka once again to talk about strategies to find stress and burnout as surgeons, especially in the context of COVID19. Check out her paper below! Links: 1. Shinrin-yoku, yoga and other strategies in the fight against COVID-19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8405594/ Bio: Dr. Janice L Pasieka graduated from the University of Western Medical School and did her General Surgery Training at the University of Calgary. She then did two and a half years of Endocrine Surgical Training. The first year was spent in Dr David Hanley’s lab at the University of Calgary, then a year at the University of Michigan, under the mentorship of Dr. Norman Thompson followed by time at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. She then returned to Calgary and has devoted her clinical practice solely to endocrine surgical diseases. At the Tom Baker Clinic Center, Dr Pasieka was the driving force behind the development of a multidisciplinary clinic for Neuroendocrine Tumors as well as the Multidisciplinary Hereditary Endocrine Clinic. She is responsible for the development of the only Canadian AAES accredited fellowship program in Endocrine Surgery. Dr Pasieka has been Secretary-Treasurer of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons (AAES) and in 2010 she became the first Canadian and second woman to become President. She has served on the Council of the International Association of Endocrine Surgeons (IAES), and in 2016 became the Secretary-Treasurer - a position she holds at the present time. Dr Pasieka was the Canadian James IV Traveling Surgical Fellow 2006 and recently was appointed to the James VI Board of Directors. In 2007, the Women’s Executive Network named her as one of Canada’s 100 Most Powerful Women. Dr Pasieka recently completed her six year term as a Governor of the American College of Surgeons. Her areas of interests (besides running, mountain biking, cycling and hiking & snowshoeing with her dog Kocher) evolve around neuroendocrine tumors, adrenal disease, thyroid cancer and the study of surgical outcomes in patients with hyperparathyroidism. To date she has over 140 peer-review publications, has edited 3 Endocrine Surgical textbooks and written over 24 book chapters.

Dr. Bill Wall is one of the pioneers of liver transplantation, especially in Canada. We spoke to him on this episode about his training, the early days of transplantation and about his new children's book! Links: 1. Member of the Order of Canada: https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/146-9121 Bio (from https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/146-9121) William Wall is a dedicated and compassionate physician whose surgical and clinical proficiency have benefited many Canadians with end-stage organ disease. Professor of surgery at the University of Western Ontario, he established Canada's first liver transplant program at the London Health Sciences Centre, where he is director of the Multi-Organ Transplant Program. In this role, he has promoted excellence in research and patient care, as well as public awareness and support for organ donation. Widely respected by his peers, he served as president of the International Liver Transplantation Society.

This week we had the pleasure of interviewing Dr. Peter Brennan (https://twitter.com/BrennanSurgeon?s=20&t=VZQWDi0op02x9_8qdn3Avg). Dr. Brennan is an oral maxillofacial surgeon in Portsmouth, England. A tremendously accomplished academic, Dr. Brennan has a keen interest in human factors in surgery. In addition, he is the co-editor of the Gray’s Surgical Anatomy. Links: 1. Dr. Brennan’s PhD on human factors: https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/files/18357979/Peter_A_Brennan_PhD_thesis.pdf 2. We need to reduce hierarchy and empower junior doctors to speak up (BMJ): https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2019/05/03/improving-patient-safety-we-need-to-reduce-hierarchy-and-empower-junior-doctors-to-speak-up/ 3. MDT meetings: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jop.12853 4. Gray’s Surgical Anatomy: https://www.elsevier.com/books/grays-surgical-anatomy/brennan/978-0-7020-7386-1 Bio (from https://solentmaxillofacialclinic.com/professor-peter-brennan/) Peter has been a consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon at Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust since 2002. He is also honorary Professor of Surgery and Head of the Academic Department of Surgery, at the University of Portsmouth. He qualified with honours in both medicine (1994) and dentistry (1987) gaining distinctions and winning many prizes in subjects including anatomy, pharmacology, anaesthetics, surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology and ophthalmology. Last year, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow elected Peter as an Honorary Fellow, the first Maxillofacial Surgeon to receive this accolade. Peter’s main clinical interests are head and neck malignancy, reconstructive free flap surgery and neck lumps. He is a research supervisor, an examiner for higher research degrees and has published over 500 papers to date covering many aspects of oral and maxillofacial surgery including cancer. Peter’s research has been awarded both National and International research prizes, and he has lectured extensively in the UK and abroad. Peter has edited a number of books including the definitive 2 volume reference textbook of the speciality, Maxillofacial Surgery, which is used worldwide. He is the lead editor of the forthcoming Gray’s Surgical Anatomy, sister publication to the famous Gray’s Anatomy.

Welcome to all our Cold Steel listeners! We are excited to be collaborating with the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons or SAGES. SAGES produces an excellent podcast called the SAGES stories podcast, where they highlight some of the amazing work SAGES members have been doing. In this episode, SAGES stories hosts Shirin Towfigh and Kevin El Hayek interview one of our favourite former guests Dr. Liane Feldman, the outgoing presidents of SAGES. Links: 1. SAGES Stories: https://www.sages.org/category/sages-stories/ 2. Cold Steel interview https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e89-liane-feldman-on-sages-presidency-future-of-mis-and-fuse-program?in_system_playlist=artist-stations%3A636175068

Dr. Jonathan Meakins is former Chair of the Department of Surgery at McGill and is an Officer of the Order of Canada for his outstanding work in immunobiology, laparoscopic surgery, and transplantation. Among his many interests is his love of art, and at the age of 73 Dr. Meakins has gone back to school to obtain his Masters in Fine Arts. Check out the links to see some of the fascinating work Dr. Meakins has done to demonstrate how the critical viewing of art can perhaps make us better clinicians. Links: 1. Wide-ranging textbook of surgical research. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673610614717/fulltext?rss=yes 2. Surgical Infection in Art. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-abstract/596694 3. Reflective of the physician’s eye. https://www.cmaj.ca/content/cmaj/183/10/1176.full.pdf 4. Renowned surgeon Jonathan Meakins goes for master’s in art history. http://www.theseniortimes.com/renowned-surgeon-jonathan-meakins-goes-for-masters-in-art-history/ 5. Art at the McGill University Health Centre. https://www.cmaj.ca/content/190/49/E1457 Bio (from https://muhc.ca/news-and-patient-stories/news/dr-jonathan-l-meakins-inducted-canadian-medical-hall-fame#:~:text=For%20his%20contributions%2C%20he%20was,of%20the%20McGill%20University%2C%20Dr.): Dr. Jonathan L. Meakins is an expert in immunobiology and surgical infections. Former Chair of the Department of Surgery at McGill University (1989-1993, 1998-2002) and former Surgeon-in-Chief of the Royal Victoria Hospital (1988-1998), he has safely and effectively advanced surgical technologies and demonstrated a relationship between compromised immune responses and poor surgical outcomes, leading to significant improvements in clinical assessments and nutritional supports for surgical patients. Over the course of his career, he has published over 225 articles and edited or co-edited 6 books. He was co-editor of the Canadian Journal of Surgery for 10 years. For his contributions, he was named an Officer of the Order of Canada, as a leader in the development of laparoscopic surgery and transplantation surgery in 2000. Third generation of his family to work in the field of medicine for the Faculty of Medicine of the McGill University, Dr. Meakins now oversees the Jonathan Campbell Meakins and Family Memorial Scholarship program, originally established by his father, Dr. Jonathan Fayette Meakins. This is a scholarship that recognizes excellence in medical education. An art-loving doctor, Dr. Meakins has worked for many years to develop the arts within the MUHC. He plays an active role in the MUHC's Arts and Heritage Centre as Director, helping to bring the arts into clinical settings. He believes that art within the institution helps to humanize the sometimes sterile hospital environment and can have an impact on patients and their families.

Dr. Pat Sylla (https://twitter.com/patsyllamd?s=20&t=_w5QG96wjQE-0ttVJJaUmw) is a minimally invasive and colorectal surgeon at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. She is a world famous innovator and was the first surgeon in the world to perform a transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. We caught up with her in-person (!) at the recent Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) annual meeting. Shout out to SAGES for putting on a great conference! Links: 1. Pat Sylla talk on Truths, Half-Truths, Fake News about taTME https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahWOaKa5WeQ 2. Sylla P, Rattner DW, Delgado S et al. NOTES transanal rectal cancer resection using transanal endoscopic microsurgery and laparoscopic assistance. Surg Endosc 2010;24:1205–10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20186432/ 3. Urethral Injury and Other Urologic Injuries During Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision: An International Collaborative Study. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31567502/ 4. Consensus on structured training curriculum for transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28462478/ 5. SAGES 2022 Presidential Address with Dr. Liane Feldman: https://vimeo.com/showcase/9362041/video/689727749 6. SAGES 2022 Gerald Mark Lecture by KMarie King: https://vimeo.com/showcase/9362041/video/689071108 7. SAGES 2022 General Session on Worldwide Variation in TME. Dr. Sylla is one of the panelists: https://vimeo.com/showcase/9362041/video/689468095 Bio (from https://www.mountsinai.org/profiles/patricia-sylla) Dr. Sylla has been a leader in developing minimally invasive approaches to the surgical treatment of colon and rectal cancer. She joins Mount Sinai from Massachusetts General Hospital, where she practiced for seven years within the Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery and was an Assistant Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School. While there, Dr. Sylla developed a research and clinical program using Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES). NOTES represents an innovative approach to transanal surgery, which may allow for faster recovery and fewer operative complications. In 2009, Dr. Sylla performed the first-ever rectal cancer surgery on a human using this approach. She has since extended this in a pilot study and is helping train surgeons in this technique. Dr. Sylla’s clinical interests include laparoscopic and robotic surgery for colon and rectal cancer, diverticulitis, rectal prolapse, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM), and treatment of benign anorectal disorders. Dr. Sylla received a Bachelor of Science degree Cum Laude in Biology from Georgetown University. She earned a Doctor of Medicine from Weill Cornell Medical College. Dr. Sylla completed residency training in Surgery at Columbia University Medical Center. Subsequently, she completed two fellowship training programs; Colon & Rectal Surgery at The Mount Sinai Hospital and Minimally Invasive Surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital. Furthermore, Dr. Sylla has is highly trained and experienced in treating rectal prolapse and performing transanal endoscopic surgery.

Dr. Eric Pauli is a surgical endoscopist at Penn State. He has a very varied and novel practice, including abdominal wall reconstruction, endoscopy and general surgery. We had a great talk with him about surgical endoscopy and his work on endoscopic management of anastomotic leaks. This is also our very first video version of the podcast! Check it out on the CJS YouTube page: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SoA36iqiB-4 Links: 1. Endoscopic Management of Postoperative Complications. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039610920301031?via%3Dihub 2. Endoscopic management of colovesical and colovaginal fistulas with over-the-scope clips: A single-institution case series.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34762356/ 3. A Handy Tool to Teach Segmental Liver Anatomy to Surgical Trainees. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4061562/ Bio:

Dr. Elizabeth Clement (https://twitter.com/LizClementMD?s=20&t=l43U6ZXhsJgw39faiXIpQQ), colorectal surgery fellow at St. Paul's Hospital in Vancouver, put together a fantastic set of mock oral exams. These were delivered at the Alberta Association of General Surgeons (AAGS) annual meeting in Banff in November 2021. We were grateful to be able to use some of the recordings to share with you some more mock orals. Thanks again to the brave residents who allowed us to use their recordings! Links: 1. AAGS website: https://www.aags.ca/ 2. Tony Maclean's tips on examsmanship: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e10-tony-maclean-on-examsmanship

This week we were joined by Dr. Bill Kent, a cardiac surgeon at the University of Calgary, to talk about minimally invasive techniques in cardiac surgery. We were curious to learn from him where MIS techniques fit in an era of rapid evolution in cardiac surgery and particularly with the advent of new catheter based techniques. Dr. Kent had a number of important insights into the introduction of new technologies in surgery and the challenges associated with trying something new. Links: 1. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery and the importance of qualitative patient-centered metrics to guide innovations. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022522319304507?via%3Dihub Bio: Dr. William Kent is a cardiac surgeon whose practice focuses on valve surgery and mechanical circulatory support. A Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Canada and a member of the International Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons and the American College of Surgeons, Dr. Kent is particularly interested in minimally invasive mitral valve repair and aortic valve surgery, including aortic valve and root repair as well as the Ross procedure. Dr. Kent completed his undergraduate BA and MSc degrees in Neuroscience at Western University before obtaining his MD and FRCSC in General Surgery at Queen’s University. He began his Cardiac Surgery training at the University of Alberta and then continued his residency training at the University of Calgary. Dr. Kent then completed a Fellowship in complex valve surgery, transplant and mechanical circulatory support at Northwestern University in Chicago, before joining the Libin Cardiovascular Institute in 2013. His current position is Clinical Assistant Professor in the Section of Cardiac Surgery. He leads the Minimally Invasive Valve Surgery Program and is Surgical Director of the Mechanical Circulatory Support Program.

In this episode, we chatted with Drs. Wesley Francis, Don Major, and Greg Padmore. These fantastic surgeons came from the Carribean to train in North America, and we were curious to explore what their experience was like and how they used their training to improve surgical care when they returned home. Links: 1. https://www.ahpba.org/ 2. Cancer Surgery Centre Bahamas - https://cancersurgerybahamas.com/ 3. https://www.barbadosadvocate.com/news/qeh-surgeon-breakthrough-cancer-operation Bios: Dr. Wesley Francis is a graduate of the University of the West Indies (Mona). He did his surgical residency at Wayne State University (Detroit, MI) and completed a Surgical Oncology Fellowship at Tom Baker Cancer Center in Calgary Alberta. He is currently a Consultant Surgical Oncologist at the Princess Margaret Hospital in Nassau Bahamas where he also serves as the Director of Operating Room. He also serves as the Director of the Bahamas National Cancer Registry. Dr. Don Major is a graduate of University of the West Indies (St Augustine). He did his surgical residency at UWI Bahamas where he became the first Bahamian to complete the UWI Bahamas surgical residency program. He completed his surgical oncology and hepatobiliary (HPB) fellowship at the Tom Baker Cancer Center in Calgary Alberta. He is currently a Consultant Surgical Oncologist and Hepatobiliary surgeon at the Princess Margaret Hospital. Dr. Greg Padmore, a 2011 MBBS graduate who completed his pre-clinical years at The UWI Mona Campus and his clinical years at the Cave Hill Campus in Barbados. He is finishing up a two-year Fellowship at the University of Calgary, Canada, where he is undergoing subspecialty training in Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery to be followed by Surgical Oncology. He was the 2012 Intern of the Year in Barbados.

We were delighted this week to have Dr. Tarek Razek (https://twitter.com/Trazek) on the podcast with us. Dr. Razek is a trauma surgeon at McGill University and really a major figure in global surgery in Canada, and he pondered with us the questions with us of how we can best make an impact in global surgery without repeating the colonialism of the past. His approach is beautifully summarized in his piece published in the Lancet in 2015, where he wrote, “However, now that increasing attention is being paid to surgery in public health, we must also capitalise on this opportunity to move beyond descriptive studies.” Please enjoy our conversation with Dr. Razek. Links: 1. Tarek Razek on ICRC deployment: http://www.cnis.ca/img/Press_Clipping_-_2009_Jan_-_Outpost_-_Dr._Tarek_Razek.pdf 2. Global access to surgical care: moving forward. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(15)00004-2/references 3. Association Between Real-time Electronic Injury Surveillance Applications and Clinical Documentation and Data Acquisition in a South African Trauma Center. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/fullarticle/2674877 Bio(from: https://www.mcgill.ca/generalsurgery/tarek-razek#:~:text=Biography%3A,University%20of%20Pennsylvania%20in%20Philadelphia) Dr. Tarek Razek is trauma/general surgeon and intensivist who is the current Director of the Adult Trauma Program at the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC). He completed his surgical training at McGill University and his trauma surgery/ICU fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. He is a co-director of the Centre for Global Surgery at the MUHC. He actively participates in surgical and trauma development programs in Tanzania, Rwanda, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Malawi, Ukraine, Haiti, Chile, Uruguay, Nepal and Mexico.

Dr. Su-Yin MacDonell (https://twitter.com/MacdonellSu?s=20&t=x_rOcGb83XcxYyWjb0ow2g) is an anesthetist specializing in periop medicine at St. Paul’s Hospital in Vancouver. She is particularly interested in the concept of noise in the OR, and how that can affect decision-making and focus in the OR. We were privileged to hear about her research around noise in the OR, and her thoughts around how we can improve the OR environment and communication across the drapes. Links: 1. Noise in the operating room during induction of anesthesia: impact of a quality improvement initiative. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35014000/ 2. Effect of noise on auditory processing in the operating room. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24246628/ Bio (from http://periopcongress.org/wp content/uploads/2019/10/MacDonell.pdf) Su-Yin started her career as a professional ballet dancer before completing her BSN at UVIC (2005). After two years as a medical-surgical Registered Nurse, she obtained her MD at UBC(2011). Her Residency in Anesthesiology at UBC (2017) was lengthened slightly by having two daughters. Following residency, Su-Yin had additional training in Perioperative Vascular Medicine in Hamilton, Ontario and Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) certification through CHEST. Su-Yin completed her masters in Perioperative Medicine, through the University College of London. As a staff Anesthesiologist at St. Paul’s Hospital (Vancouver), she is part of the ERAS working group, Perioperative Anesthesia group and is the Perioperative Medicine Fellowship Director (Anesthesia). Outside of medicine, Su-Yin continues to dance, reluctantly cleans up after husband and two young children, and tries to read before falling asleep with the light on.

This week we were joined again by Dr. Colin Schieman for a masterclass on paraesophageal hernias! Dr. Schieman is a previous guest on the podcast and is a thoracic surgeon in Calgary. In this episode we discuss types of paraesophageal hernia, the management of gastric volvulus, as well as operative approaches to repair. Links: 1. Colin Schieman on Direct Entry Training: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e76-colin-schieman-on-direct-entry-training-and-intra-operative-teaching 2. Colin Schieman on Lung Nodules: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e77-masterclass-with-colin-schieman-on-lung-nodules-and-lung-cancer-screening 3. Paraesophageal hernia: clinical presentation, evaluation, and management controversies. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20112630/ Bio: Dr. Colin Schieman is a Clinical Associate Professor at the University of Calgary in the section of thoracic surgery. He did medical school, residency, and thoracic surgery fellowship at the University of Calgary. He then went on to do additional thoracic surgery training at Mayo Clinic, and subsequently practiced at St. Joseph's Hospital in Hamilton, Ontario. He came back to the University of Calgary as Assistant Professor in 2016, and is now the Program Director for the Thoracic Surgery Fellowship program.

In this episode we had a great conversation with Dr. Sam Minor. Dr. Minor is a general surgeon in Halifax, Nova Scotia at Dalhousie. Dr. Minor has helped develop in situ trauma simulations that help not just residents but also staff surgeons prepare for major traumatic injuries. Dr. Minor also tells us about what it’s like to practice in Halifax and about some of his other research interests. 1. Prospective study of single-stage repair of contaminated hernias with the novel use of calcium sulphate antibiotic beads in conjunction with biologic porcine submucosa tissue graft. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33180691/ 2. Minor S, Schroder C, Heland D. Utilizing the Intensive Care Unit to Teach End-of-Life Skills to Rotating Junior Residents. American Journal of Surgery Am J Surg 2008 Sep 11 Bio (https://medicine.dal.ca/departments/department-sites/critical-care/our-people/faculty/samuel-minor.html): Dr. Minor has developed various programs at the Dalhousie Surgical Skills Center including percutaneous tracheostomy insertion, critical care skills (difficult airway management, percutaneous chest tube insertion, US guided interventions), open abdomen management and abdominal wall reconstruction. He also teaches crisis resource management at the Atlantic Canada Simulation Center which focuses on ACLS and ATLS utilizing the SimMan 3G. Research activities are in the areas of medical education, open abdomen management and post tracheostomy care.

We’ve all experienced the frustration of working in clinical environments that just don’t seem to be set up intuitively. But what if there were ways to improve the design of the places and processes where clinicians practice? In this episode, we spoke with Dr. Andrew Petrosoniak and Dr. Chris Hicks, both ER docs at St. Mike’s Hospital in downtown Toronto. They have done extensive work on human-centred design, particularly in the emergency department, and have done amazing work redesigning the St. Mike’s trauma bay and many other areas in the ED. Check out links in the shownotes to see pictures of their newly redesigned trauma bay, and also check out their website advancedperformance.ca. Links: 1. Breaking the Shackles of Poor Design: https://emcrit.org/emcrit/breaking-the-shackles-of-bad-clinical-design/ 2. Trauma Resuscitation Using in situ Simulation Team Training (TRUST) study: latent safety threat evaluation using framework analysis and video review. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33097610/ 3. Design Thinking-Informed Simulation: An Innovative Framework to Test, Evaluate, and Modify New Clinical Infrastructure. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32039946/ 4. The Human Factor: Optimizing Trauma Team Performance in Dynamic Clinical Environments. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29132571/

We are delighted to bring you our CaRMS 2022 general surgery residency highlights! We invited all the English-speaking general surgery programs across the country on to the podcast to talk about what makes their program unique. We were able to get most of the programs across country. Our hope is that this episode will be helpful for prospective applicants to learn a bit about the programs as we head into the interview cycle. We have no affiliation with CaRMS. Links: 1. Canadian Resident Matching Service (CaRMS) residency program descriptions: https://www.carms.ca/match/r-1-main-residency-match/program-descriptions/ 2. Memorial University of Newfoundland (St. John's) website: https://www.med.mun.ca/getdoc/d2d3e138-196f-4741-95f6-bac3516d85a2/GSResidencyProgram.aspx Interview with Dr. Mathieson starts at 6:30 3. Dalhousie University (Dalhousie): https://medicine.dal.ca/departments/department-sites/surgery/divisions/general-surgery/education/residency.html Interview with Dr. Helyer starts at 16:30 4. University of Toronto: https://surgery.utoronto.ca/residency-division-general-surgery 5. University of Ottawa: https://www.uottawagensurg.com/ 6. Western (London): https://www.schulich.uwo.ca/generalsurgery/education/postgraduate/index.html Interview with Dr. Ott starts 40:30 7. McMaster University (Hamilton): https://surgery.mcmaster.ca/divisions/general-surgery/education/postgraduate-training-programs Interview with Dr. Marcaccio starts at 1 hr 1 min 8. Queen's University (Kingston): https://surgery.queensu.ca/postgraduate/general-surgery 9. Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM): https://www.nosm.ca/generalsurgery/program-overview-highlights/ 10. McGill: https://www.mcgill.ca/generalsurgery/education/residency Interview with Dr. Liberman starts at 25 min mark 11. Max Rady College of Medicine (Winnipeg): https://umanitoba.ca/medicine/department-surgery/general-surgery-residency Interview with Dr. McKay starts at 1 hr 12 min 12. University of Saskatchewan: https://medicine.usask.ca/department/clinical/surgery-divisions/general-surgery-pages/residency-program.php 13. University of Calgary: https://cumming.ucalgary.ca/departments/surgery/sections/general-surgery/education Interview with Dr. Rochon starts at 1 hr 22 min 14. University of Alberta: https://www.ualberta.ca/surgery/divisions/general-surgery/index.html Interview with Dr. Mapiour starts at 1 hr 31 min 15. University of British Columbia: https://www.ualberta.ca/surgery/divisions/general-surgery/index.html Interview with Dr. Scott starts at 1 hr 42 min 16. Great thread with tips for virtual interviews: https://twitter.com/BobbyYanagawa/status/1468017910165782531

Happy new year to all our listeners! We hope you all have a fulfilling and healthy 2022! We are very excited this week to bring you this episode on Black Surgeons in North America. This initiative lead by Dr. Don Nakayama is an amazing collection of the contributions of black surgeons across North America. We were lucky to sit down with Dr. Vivian McAllister, a longtime friend of the podcast and one of the authors of the chapter on black surgeons in Canada, to tell us about the contributions of black Canadian surgeons. We were also lucky enough to be joined by Dr. Nakayama, as well as Dr. Cathy Slaney, a sociologist who’s work has focused on her great-grandfather Dr. Anderson Abbott, one of the surgeons profiled in the book. Last but not least, we were joined by Shannon Prince, the curator of the Buxton National Historic Site and Museum. This episode was a fascinating foray into the untold stories of the contributions of black surgeons in our country. We were also really inspired by our guests thoughts about how we can perhaps learn from this history to help us heal the ongoing racial wounds that exist within our culture and society. As always, we would love to hear your thoughts by email at podcast.cjs@gmail.com or on twitter @CanJSurg. Links: 1. Black Surgeons and Surgery in America - available from the ACS website. https://www.facs.org/publications/black-surgeons-and-surgery-in-america 2. Family Secrets by Cathy Slaney. https://www.dundurn.com/books_/t22117/a9781896219820-family-secrets 3. Buxton National Historic Site and Museum: http://www.buxtonmuseum.com/ Bios: Shannon Prince: http://www.buxtonmuseum.com/about/ShannonPrince_bio.pdf Catherine Slaney: https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2011/02/23/woman_finds_out_famous_relative_was_black.html?rf Vivian McAlister: https://www.cma.ca/dr-vivian-mcalister Don Nakayama: https://www.med.unc.edu/surgery/dr-don-nakayama-joins-pediatric-surgery/

This week we had a masterclass on common bile duct injuries by Dr. Francis Sutherland. Dr. Sutherland is a hepatobiliary surgeon at the University of Calgary. Dr. Sutherland talks about not just how CBD injuries happen, but why they happen, and the cognitive biases that lead up to them. Please check out the show notes for videos and papers that supplement our discussion. Links: 1. The importance of cognitive map placement in bile duct injuries. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29173261/ 2. Is an optical illusion the cause of classical bile duct injuries? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33411998/ 3. Video from Dr. Shiva Jayaraman of a CBD injury which illustrates the cognitive mapping errors: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0AtJqCj2dI 4. Claude Couinaud: a passion for the liver. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12413326/ 5. Rouvière's sulcus: a useful landmark in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. by Thomas Hugh. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9313706/ 6. Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahnemann. https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/11468377-thinking-fast-and-slow 7. Memories of colonoscopy: a randomized trial. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12855328/ 8. Causes and Prevention of Laparoscopic Bile Duct Injuries Analysis of 252 Cases From a Human Factors and Cognitive Psychology Perspective. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1514483/ 9. Subtotal Cholecystectomy-"Fenestrating" vs "Reconstituting" Subtypes and the Prevention of Bile Duct Injury: Definition of the Optimal Procedure in Difficult Operative Conditions. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26521077/ 10. Trauma ICU Rounds podcast on "Managing the Difficult Cholecystectomy" with a good discussion on subtotal cholecystectomy. https://www.traumaicurounds.ca/episodes/episode-42-management-of-the-difficult-gallbladder-gen2n Bio (from https://charbonneau.ucalgary.ca/our-members/associate-members/francis-sutherland): Dr. Sutherland graduated from the University of Calgary Medical School and did his General Surgery Residency in Calgary. Upon completion he then went to the University of Western Ontario and completed a Fellowship in Transplantation under the mentoring of Dr. Bill Wall. Upon returning to Calgary he initially was involved in the Organ Transplant Program. He then focused his surgical career on Hepatobiliary Surgery by taking a one year sabbatical to work under Professor Bernard Launois at the University of Rennes in France. Dr. Sutherland has been a Faculty Member since 1990 and is currently at the Foothills Hospital. His clinical practice evolves around General Surgery with a strong focus and interest in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. He is an integral member of the Hepatobiliary Multidisciplinary Clinic at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre. His research interests have evolved around studying the hepatobiliary anatomy and has made innovative observations in this area. He has also studied the ways to minimize blood loss during major hepatic resections and has an interesting in pancreatic cysts.

This week on the podcast we talked about a topic that we have heard about all too frequently on the news lately: gun violence. We were joined by Dr. John Kortbeek, a trauma and critical care surgeon at the University of Calgary. We asked Dr. Kortbeek about the topic of gun control in general and specifically on gun control policies in Canada. 1. Canadian Doctors for Protection from Guns. https://www.doctorsforprotectionfromguns.ca/ 2. Najma Ahmed - Award from CMA for gun control work. https://www.cma.ca/cma-sir-charles-tupper-award-political-advocacy-2020-recipient 3. Planet Money episode on "smart guns""https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2016/04/08/473581490/episode-694-the-gun-that-wouldnt-shoot

Welcome back to another episode of our “Companion” series on the important topic of death and dying in surgery. Dr. Kelly Vogt lead our discussion, and we were lucky enough to also be joined again by Dr. Morad Hameed. We focused on the topic of Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID), but branched out to explore how we can better prepare surgeons and patients for discussions around end of life care. We’d love to hear your thoughts – how does MAID get operationalized in your hospital, and how does that interact with the surgical service? Email us at podcast.cjs@gmail.com or tweet at us @CanJSurg. Links: 1. The impact of country and culture on end-of-life care for injured patients: results from an international survey. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21045742/ 2. BC Cancer website on MAID. http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/coping-with-cancer/medical-assistance-in-dying

This week on the podcast we spoke with Dr. John Neary, an internist at McMaster University. Dr. Neary was instrumental in submitting a motion in 2020 that asked that Royal College Exam waive the requirements to write the royal college exam for trainees graduating in 2020, given the challenges that COVID19 were presenting for the administration of the exam. We also talked about the decision of the Medical Council of Canada to eliminate the MCQE Part II. Beyond these two very controversial topics, we had a much deeper conversation with Dr. Neary about the nature of examinations in medical education, and what the ideal exam would look like. We’d love to hear your thoughts – did studying for your royal college exam make you a better physician? Email at podcast.cjs@gmail.com or tweet at us @CanJSurg. Links: 1. Petition: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfC63jV31Ptd5iMuktc98Av9G_a5vmtHDTEuvWEEGO8C8s71g/viewform 2. Cancellation of MCQEII by MCC: https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2021/01/04/amid-an-uproar-over-cancelled-tests-some-say-the-body-that-oversees-medical-exams-for-resident-doctors-seeking-licences-is-obsolete.html Bio: John Neary is a general internist at St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton and an Assistant Professor of Medicine at McMaster University. He did his undergraduate degree in mathematics! He has worked as a consultant in internal medicine at SHN since finishing his residency at McMaster in 2010.

Dr. Teodor Grantcharov (https://twitter.com/TGrantcharovMD?s=20) is a bariatric surgeon at St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto. Dr. Grantcharov is world renowned for his work on the OR blackbox, a platform that allows for immense data capture (video, audio, physiologic) as well as advanced analytics. We asked Dr. Grantcharov about what it took to develop the OR blackbox, not just technologically, but culturally and institutionally. You can find out more about the OR blackbox at surgicalsafety.com. Links: 1. Quantifying recall bias in surgical safety: a need for a modern approach to morbidity and mortality reviews. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30693745/ 2. Twitter discussion on best methods for recording open cases: https://twitter.com/ameerfarooq/status/1335675502313447426 3. OR Black Box: https://www.surgicalsafety.com/ 4. Gordon, L, Reed, C, Sorensen, JL, Schulthess, P, Strandbygaard, J, Mcloone, M et al.. Perceptions of safety culture and recording in the operating room: understanding barriers to video data capture. Surg Endosc. 2021; :. doi: 10.1007/s00464-021-08695-5. PubMed PMID:34608519 . 5. Nensi, A, Palter, V, Reed, C, Schulthess, P, Mcloone, M, Grantcharov, T et al.. Utilizing the Operating Room Black Box to Characterize Intraoperative Delays, Distractions, and Threats in the Gynecology Operating Room: A Pilot Study. Cureus. 2021;13 (7):e16218. doi: 10.7759/cureus.16218. PubMed PMID:34367818 PubMed Central PMC8341265. 6. Levin, M, McKechnie, T, Kruse, CC, Aldrich, K, Grantcharov, TP, Langerman, A et al.. Surgical data recording in the operating room: a systematic review of modalities and metrics. Br J Surg. 2021;108 (6):613-621. doi: 10.1093/bjs/znab016. PubMed PMID:34157080 . 7. Gallant, JN, Brelsford, K, Sharma, S, Grantcharov, T, Langerman, A. Patient Perceptions of Audio and Video Recording in the Operating Room. Ann Surg. 2021; :. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000004759. PubMed PMID:33630449 . Bio (http://stmichaelshospitalresearch.ca/researchers/teodor-grantcharov/): Dr. Teodor Grantcharov completed his surgical training at the University of Copenhagen, and a doctoral degree in Medical Sciences at the University of Aarhus in Denmark. Dr. Grantcharov is a Professor of Surgery at the University of Toronto. He holds the Keenan Chair in Surgery at St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto. Dr. Grantcharov is the inaugural Director of the International Centre for Surgical Safety – a multidisciplinary group of visionary scientists with expertise in design, human factors, computer- and data science, and healthcare research. He previously held Canada Research Chair in Simulation and Surgical Safety and was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II diamond jubilee medal for his contributions to clinical research and patient safety in Canada. Dr. Grantcharov was awarded the honorary fellowship of the Imperial College in London, the honorary medal of the Bulgarian and Danish surgical societies and multiple national and international awards for his contributions to surgical education and surgical safety. Dr. Grantcharov’s clinical interest is the area of minimally invasive surgery, while his academic focus is in the field of surgical innovation and patient safety. He has become internationally recognized as a leader in this area with his work on curriculum design, assessment of competence and impact of surgical performance on clinical outcomes. Dr. Grantcharov developed the Surgical Black Box, which aims to transform the safety culture in medicine and introduce modern safety management systems in the high-risk operating room environment. Dr. Grantcharov has more than 200 peer-reviewed publications and more than 200 invited presentations in Europe, South- and North America. He sits on numerous committees with Surgical Professional Societies in North America and Europe. He sits on the Editorial Boards of the British Journal of Surgery and Surgical Endoscopy.

This week we were joined by Dr. Sunil Patel (https://twitter.com/epipatelmd?s=20). Dr. Patel is a colorectal surgeon in Kingston, Ontario. The group in Kinston is one of the few general surgery groups in Canada that has really utilized robotics in their practice, and we wanted to understand both why and how they introduced robotics into their group. Dr. Patel has also done fascinating research into the topic of spin in surgical research, and he walks us through the concept of spin and how the astute reader can avoid being fooled by it. Links: 1. The use of "spin" in laparoscopic lower GI surgical trials with nonsignificant results: an assessment of reporting and interpretation of the primary outcomes. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24201393/ 2. Spin Is Common in Studies Assessing Robotic Colorectal Surgery: An Assessment of Reporting and Interpretation of Study Results. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26252850/ 3. An Assessment of the Industry-Faculty Surgeon Relationship Within Colon and Rectum Surgical Training Programs. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26966083/ 4. Spin in articles about minimally invasive transanal total mesorectal excision: an assessment of the current literature. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30341922/ 5. Reviewing the Reviewers: Potential Financial Conflicts of Interest in Editorial Boards of Surgery Journals. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34091509/ Bio (https://surgery.queensu.ca/administration/attending-staff/sunil-patel): Dr. Sunil Patel is a fellowship trained colorectal surgeon at Kingston Health Sciences Centre. He has specialized training in minimally invasive surgery, including robotic surgery, laparoscopic surgery and transanal total mesorectal excision (Ta-TME). Dr. Patel and his partners are the only group offering high volume Robotic Colorectal Surgery in the Province. Dr. Patel specializes in treating Rectal Cancer, Colon Cancer, Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Diverticular Disease. Dr. Patel and his partners are the only high volume rectal cancer surgeons in Southeast Ontario. Dr. Patel completed his general surgery in London, Ontario. He completed his colorectal surgery fellowship in New York City at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center is considered one of the top Cancer hospitals in the world. He has also completed a Masters of Epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in London, UK. Dr. Patel’s research interests include barriers to treatment in colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease patients, the use of smart phone technology in delivering clinical care and evidence based health care. Dr. Patel is also a member of the Cancer Care and Epidemiology at the Cancer Research Institute and the Regional Colorectal Cancer Screening and GI Endoscopy Lead (LHIN).

This week we were lucky enough to have a masterclass with Dr. Helen Macrae, a colorectal surgeon at Mount Sinai in Toronto. We talked about her career in surgical education. We then leveraged Dr. Macrae's considerable expertise and got her approach to the acute colitic, laparoscopic total colectomy, and pelvic pouch reconstruction. Links: 1. Teaching Surgical Skills — Changes in the Wind. https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/nejmra054785 2. E24 Richard Reznick On Competency - Based Medical Education. https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e24-richard-reznick-on-competency-based-medical-education/s-eAqN5PDEoyG 3. Treatment of hospitalized adult patients with severe ulcerative colitis: Toronto consensus statements. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22108451/ Bio (https://surgery.utoronto.ca/content/helen-macrae) Dr. MacRae received a B.Sc. and M.D. from the University of Alberta. She did her General Surgery training in Alberta, as well. Following this, she spent two years in the Colorectal Surgery Program at the University of Toronto, before joining the faculty in January 1997. Most recently, she completed a mini-sabbatical in laproscopic surgery at the Wellesley Hospital. Dr. MacRae's clinical interests are in the areas of inflammatory bowel disease, and laproscopic colon surgery. Her research interests are in the field of surgical education. She is Director for the Colorectal Surgery Residency Program.

This is a special episode for us! We celebrate our 100th episode by presenting a mix of some of our favourite "advices" from our guests. We have to thank all of our many guests who have shared their time, expertise, and passion with us. We look forward to bringing you many more episodes! As always, would love to hear your thoughts and feedback at podcast.cjs@gmail.com or @canjsurg on twitter.

We were lucky to have Dr. Neel Datta on the podcast this week! Dr. Datta is a colorectal surgeon in Calgary. He did a Masters of Health Economics at the London School of Economics, and has used that expertise to model some of the issues around surgical workforce planning in Canada. We really dug into some of the issues around unemployment and underemployment of surgeons in Canada, and perhaps some solutions to that very real problem. Links: 1. The current state of resident trauma training: Are we losing a generation? https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/61/3/153.long 2. Ahmer Karimuddin On The "Struggling" Trainee, CaRMS, & Resident Selection. https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e64-ahmer-karimuddin-on-the-struggling-trainee-carms-resident-selection 3. Shane DiNapoli On Physician Finances, Professional Corporations, And Financial Planning. https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e63-shane-dinapoli-on-physician-finances-professional-corporations-and-financial-planning 4. Hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery workforce in Canada. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447518/ 5. A novel approach for the accurate prediction of thoracic surgery workforce requirements in Canada. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24787697/ 6. Calcutta Cricket Club! https://www.calcuttacricketclub.com/

Dr. Martin Schreiber is a trauma and critical care surgeon at Oregon Health & Science University in Portland. He has had a major impact on our understanding of resuscitation in trauma, among many other topics. We talked to Dr. Schreiber about his experience with the military, his advocacy around trauma research, and trauma resuscitation. Links: 1. Trauma Center Association of America calls for NIH Trauma Institute. https://www.traumacenters.org/news/557958/TCAA-Chair-Calls-for-Creation-of-Trauma-Institute-in-the-NIH-.htm 2. Effect of Out-of-Hospital Tranexamic Acid vs Placebo on 6-Month Functional Neurologic Outcomes in Patients With Moderate or Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32897344 3. Tranexamic acid in trauma. How should we use it? https://journals.lww.com/jtrauma/Citation/2013/06000/Tranexamic_acid_in_trauma__How_should_we_use_it_.30.aspx Bio (from https://www.ohsu.edu/people/martin-a-schreiber-md-facs-fccm) Dr. Schreiber’s special areas of interest are trauma surgery and surgical critical care. He received his medical degree in 1988 from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, OH. Dr. Schreiber completed his internship at Madigan Army Medical Center in Fort Lewis, WA., and his residency training at the University of Washington in Seattle. His trauma and critical care fellowship was completed at the University of Washington.

On this episode we had a masterclass on gastrointestinal neuroendorine tumors by endocrine and trauma surgeon Dr. Daryl Gray. Dr. Gray is an associate professor Western in London, Ontario, and is possibly one of the most interesting people in the world. We explore his life, his experience being the father of a teen TV star, and of course his passion, neuroendocrine tumors. Links: 1. The surgeons: https://www.amazon.com/The-Surgeons/dp/B01J2P4QEE 2. Max & shred: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3946016/ 3. ROSCOE magazine: https://cags-accg.ca/about/cags-magazine-roscoe/read-the-digital-issue-of-roscoe/ 4. Roscoe R. Graham: An enduring legacy in the 21st century. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27806000/

Dr. John C Alverdy (https://twitter.com/JCAlverdy?s=20) is a minimally invasive surgeon at the University of Chicago. He is an iconoclastic scientist whose research focuses on gut microbiome and its impact on surgical site infections. His lab is continuously NIH funded, with publications in Nature and many other high impact journals. More importantly, however, Dr. Alverdy is willing to challenge commonly accepted ideas, like the very basic tenet that we really know why anastomoses leak. He gave a fantastic talk this year at the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, and we’d highly encourage you all to listen to that well. Links: 1. ASCRS distinguished lectureships. https://fascrs.org/my-ascrs/meetings-events/2021-annual-scientific-meeting/distinguished-lectureships 2. The gut microbiota and gastrointestinal surgery. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27729657/ 3. Re-examining causes of surgical site infections following elective surgery in the era of asepsis. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32006469/ 4. Serial Endoscopic Surveillance & Direct Topical Antibiotics to Define the Role of Microbes in Anastomotic Healing (SES-DTA). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02682485 5. Alverdy lab website: https://wiki.uchicago.edu/display/surgery/Alverdy+Lab+Wiki Bio (from University of Chicago surgery website): John C. Alverdy, MD, performs a wide variety of complex minimally invasive and open gastrointestinal surgical procedures with decades of experience in the field. Dr. Alverdy is nationally recognized for introducing several new operations into the field, including minimally invasive pancreatic surgery, bariatric surgery, and surgery for disorders of the foregut including the esophagus and stomach. Dr. Alverdy has also run a continuously funded NIH-funded laboratory that studies the molecular interactions of bacteria and the intestinal mucosa in order to understand how life-threatening infections arise after trauma and major surgery and during critical illness. He has developed several anti-infective polymer-based compounds that can attenuate the virulence of several multi-drug resistant pathogens that cause life threatening infections in surgical patients and works with the IME to synthesize, refine, and scale the compounds for pre-clinical testing.

A big welcome to all the surgical "roofers" joining us on the show! We had the inimitable Dr. Michael Rosen (https://twitter.com/MikeRosenMD?s=20) on this episode. Dr. Rosen is a world renowned expert in abdominal wall reconstruction at the Cleveland Clinic, and on this episode he gave us a masterclass on all things hernia. Links: 1. Atlas of Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: https://www.elsevier.ca/ca/product.jsp?isbn=9780323374590 2. Clinical trial on role of robotics in hernia repair: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02816658 3. American Hernia Society Quality Collaborative: https://www.prweb.com/releases/2016/08/prweb13620209.htm 4. David Krpata's Groin pain clinic: https://www.generalsurgerynews.com/In-the-News/Article/08-19/Experts-Describe-Unique-Approaches-to-Groin-Pain-After-Hernia-Repair/55620?sub=836D4EB2B96F992350511873881EC4EFFD0886FFAF298E476CEDDB4816C90B2 Bio: Dr. Michael J. Rosen is an abdominal wall reconstructive and general surgeon in Cleveland, Ohio and is affiliated with multiple hospitals in the area, including Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Cleveland Clinic. He received his medical degree from University of Southern California and has been in practice for more than 20 years. He is an expert in abdominal wall reconstruction and Director of the Hernia Center at the Digestive Diseases Institute at Cleveland Clinic.

With all the attention to inequities in the surgical community and beyond, sometimes the invisible disparities goes unnoticed. Mental health and its impact on surgical outcomes has been relatively poorly studied, and so on today’s episode we invited the authors of a new narrative review on the topic to talk about what they found. The title of the paper is “Improving Surgical Quality for patients with Mental Health Illness: A Narrative review” and was published this August. Dr. Rebecca Afford, Dr. JJ Sidhu, and Dr. Morad Hameed joined us to talk about mental health and its impact on surgical outcomes. We would love to hear your thoughts – what does your institution to manage surgical patients with mental health conditions? Email us at podcast.cjs@gmail.com or on twitter @CanJSurg. Links: 1. Improving Surgical Quality for Patients with Mental Health Illnesses: A Narrative Review. https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Abstract/9000/Improving_Surgical_Quality_for_Patients_with.93312.aspx Bios: Rebecca Afford is a second year general surgery resident at the University of British Columbia. Jesse Sidhu is a psychiatrist at the Vancouver General Hospital and is the Deputy Medical Director for Vancouver Mental Health and Substance Use, Acute, Tertiary, & Urgent Services. Morad Hameed is the and intensivist at the Vancouver General Hospital (VGH) and an Assistant Professor of Surgery at the University of British Columbia (UBC). He is the Head of the UBC and VGH Division of General Surgery and is a Service Chief for Acute Care Surgery at VGH.

If you were to wander into one of the operating rooms at the Ottawa Civic Hospital and hear a discussion about colorectal surgery, Plato, and Drake simultaneously, you could be pretty sure that you were in the OR of Dr. Husein Moloo (https://twitter.com/HMoloo?s=20). Dr. Moloo is a dually trained minimally invasive and colorectal surgeon in Ottawa. We had the pleasure of speaking with the Renaissance man Dr. Moloo about the impressive quality improvement initiatives he has led in Ottawa, as well as his thoughts on the unique shared practice model in the Ottawa colorectal group. True to the advice he shares at the end of the podcast, Dr. Moloo was recently named the maiden director of Planetary Health at the University of Ottawa. To paraphrase the Canadian philosopher Drake, “If you ain’t been a part of it at least you got to witness.” Links: 1. "Range" by David Epstein: https://davidepstein.com/the-range/ 2. Enabling front line–driven perioperative quality improvement through organizational infrastructure built around the Comprehensive Unit Based Safety Program. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5125925/ 3. Creating a Culture of Quality. HBR. https://hbr.org/2014/04/creating-a-culture-of-quality 4. IHI Open School: http://www.ihi.org/education/IHIOpenSchool/Pages/default.aspx 5. Kotter's 8 step process for change: https://www.kotterinc.com/8-steps-process-for-leading-change/ 6. Implementation of a systematic tobacco treatment protocol in a surgical outpatient setting: a feasibility study.http://canjsurg.ca/64-1-e51/ 7. Group practice impacts on patients, physicians and healthcare systems: a scoping review.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/1/e041579.abstract 8. Retired Surgeons’ Reflections on Their Careers. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/fullarticle/2758649 9. Plato's Allegory of the Cave: https://faculty.washington.edu/smcohen/320/cave.htm#:~:text=In%20the%20allegory%2C%20Plato%20likens,along%20which%20puppeteers%20can%20walk.

Is intercessory prayer more or less effective than lasix? These seemingly random questions are the “rabbit holes” that keep Dr. Wayne Rosen up at night. Dr. Rosen is a colorectal surgeon at the Peter Lougheed Centre in Calgary, Alberta. Dr. Rosen has long delighted the calgary surgical community with his entertaining and thoughtful critiques of a whole host of philosophical and bioethical concepts, ranging from evidence based medicine to how we might ration surgical resources in a pandemic like COVID. We recorded this conversation back in May 2021. We would love to hear your thoughts on any of the topics we discussed on this week’s episode on twitter @canjsurg or by email at podcast.cjs@gmail.com. Links: 1. Dr. Rosen's website: http://www.limitsofebm.org/ 2. Cochrane review on intercessory prayer: https://www.cochrane.org/CD000368/SCHIZ_intercessory-prayer-for-the-alleviation-of-ill-health#:~:text=Intercessory%20prayer%20is%20one%20of,in%20some%20kind%20of%20need. 3. Doing Right by Hebert and Rosen: https://www.amazon.ca/Doing-Right-Practical-Trainees-Physicians/dp/0199031339 Bio (from colondoc.ca): Dr. Wayne Rosen did his undergraduate degree in the arts at Queens' University in Kingston, Ontario. After this he studied in Europe for two years and returned to Canada to study medicine. Dr. Rosen graduated in 1991 from Queens University Medical School in Kingston, Ontario, and completed his General Surgery training at the University of Calgary in 1997. He subsequently worked in overseas for three months and practiced briefly in Calgary, and then at the North York General Hospital in Toronto for almost two years. Starting in 2000, Dr. Rosen completed a fellowship in Colorectal Surgery at the University of Texas in Houston, under the mentorship of Dr. H. Randolph Bailey. Following this, he joined the faculty of the Department of Surgery at the University of Calgary at the Peter Lougheed Hospital in 2001. For 10 years he shared a clinical practice with Dr. Doug Johnson until moving out on his own in the summer of 2011. His clinical practice is now situated at the Peter Lougheed Centre and is primarily in the area of colon and rectal surgery. Dr. Rosen is a Fellow of the Royal College of physicians and Surgeons of Canada (FRCS). He is also board certified in both general and colorectal surgery in the United States. He is also a Fellow of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgery. In addition to his clinical practice, Dr. Rosen is active as a teacher and instructor with both residents and medical students at the University of Calgary. He is the Chair of the Medical Skills Course at the University of Calgary Medical School and he co-chairs the undergraduate medical students bioethics course with Dr. Ian Mitchell. He regularly lectures and gives seminars on topics related to colon and rectal surgery, as well as bioethics. He has an active interest in biomedical ethics, with a particular interest in areas related to informed consent, resource allocation, medicine and law, and ethical issues in research. Most recently he is interested in the challenges and limits of Evidence-Based Medicine. He has a Masters in Medical Science (MSc Bioethics). Dr. Rosen is a clinical assistant professor in the department of surgery at the University of Calgary.

On this episode we were joined by Dr. Richard Buckley. Dr. Buckley is an orthopedic surgeon at the Foothills Medical Centre in Calgary. Dr. Buckley has had an amazingly productive career, with more than 30 years of clinical practice and hundreds of publications. Most importantly, however, Dr. Buckley has really pushed surgeons in Calgary and across Canada to think beyond received wisdoms and critically examine how we treat patients and how we organize our systems. We get a taste of his unique insights on topics from resident call, to his orthopedic textbook and finally, his thoughts on how to age and retire gracefully from a life in surgery. Links: 1. Surgical Exposures in Orthopedics. https://www.amazon.ca/Surgical-Exposures-Orthopaedics-Anatomic-Approach/dp/0781776236 2. Canadian Orthopedic Trauma Society. http://cots.medicine.dal.ca/ 3. Nonoperative treatment compared with plate fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures. A multicenter, randomized clinical trial. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17200303/ 4. Surgical Companion: The Aging Surgeon episode: http://canjsurg.ca/e47-surgical-companion-1-the-aging-surgeon/ 5. Relation between surgeon age and postoperative outcomes: a population-based cohort study. https://www.cmaj.ca/content/192/15/E385 Bio (taken from: https://whenithurtstomove.org/wp-content/uploads/Rick-Buckley-EN.pdf) Dr. Richard Buckley has been on the active medical staff in Calgary since 1990. He is a Professor in the Department of Surgery, in the Division of Orthopaedic Trauma. His active clinical practice is that of orthopaedic trauma and he is extremely active in teaching undergraduate, and post graduate medicine. He has been involved in the Orthopaedic Trauma Fellowship in Calgary, with nearly 50 International Fellows under his tutelage. He is also active in the research front. Dr. Buckley is an extremely active member of the Association for Study of Internal Fixation (ASIF)(AO). There he has held numerous course Chairman and Board responsibilities, including the International Education Board, International Research Board and has been a member of the Board of Trustees for International AO. He has been a member of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association since 1990 and has held positions on the Membership Committee and Nominating Committee for this International leading Association. Dr. Buckley has also been extremely active in the Canadian Orthopaedic Association (COA) and has been a member of the Membership Committee and Chair of the Membership Committee, COA Advisor to the Canadian Society of Orthopaedic Technologists and Chairman and Founder of the Canadian Orthopaedic Resident Forum (a resident review course). Dr. Buckley’s present research focus is almost exclusively related to trauma and he is an active member within the Canadian Orthopaedic Trauma Society. He has published over 80 papers and is an Editor of 4 major International, Internationally translated orthopaedic textbooks.

This week we had the pleasure of speaking with Dr. Mark Hamilton on the podcast. Dr. Hamilton is a neurosurgeon at the Foothills Medical Centre in Calgary. Dr. Hamilton helped us walk through a number of neurosurgical issues that are pertinent to general surgeons, such as hydrocephalus, the role of craniectomy in traumatic brain injuries, and DVT prophylaxis in patients with traumatic brain injuries. As always, send your comments and feedback to podcast.cjs@gmail.com. Links: 1. Treatment of hydrocephalus. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19410156/ 2. RESCUE - ICP trial in NEJM. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1605215 3. ICP monitoring in TBI. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1207363 4. Reducing the risks of proximal and distal shunt failure in adult hydrocephalus (the shout-Qi initiative). https://fluidsbarrierscns.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12987-019-0156-3 Bio (https://hbi.ucalgary.ca/profiles/dr-mark-hamilton): Dr. Hamilton graduated from McGill University Medical School in 1983. He did his Neurosurgery Residency at the University of Calgary and received his FRCSC in 1991. He did Fellowship training in cerebrovascular, skull base and Pediatric Neurosurgery at the Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix, Arizona and joined the University of Calgary Department of Clinical Neurosciences in 1994 where he is currently a Professor of Neurosurgery with additional appointments in the Department of Surgery and the Department of Pediatrics. He was the Chief of the Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery from 2002-2011 and is the current Director of the Adult Hydrocephalus Program. Dr. Hamilton established the University of Calgary Adult Hydrocephalus Program and started the University of Calgary Adult Hydrocephalus Clinic in 2008. Dr. Hamilton is the chair of the international Adult Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (AHCRN) which has eight clinical sites in three countries, President of the Hydrocephalus Society (International Society for Hydrocephalus and Cerebrospinal Fluid Disorders (ISHCSF)) and a member of the Board of Directors of the Hydrocephalus Association (HA) and the Medical Advisory Board (MAB) of HA and a member of the Board of Directors of Hydrocephalus Canada.. He was recently the Congress President for “Hydrocephalus 2015” the 7th annual meeting of the ISHCSF. Dr. Hamilton is a member of the Editorial Boards of The Journal of Neurosurgery, The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, Fluids and Barriers of the CNS, and PLOS One. His main clinical and research interests are the diagnosis and management of hydrocephalus in adults.

We were lucky enough in June to interview a true Canadian icon, Dr. Liane Feldman (https://twitter.com/lianefeldman?s=20)! Dr. Feldman is the Chief of the Division of General Surgery at McGill University and the newest president of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons or SAGES. We really wanted to try to understand – what does it mean to be a minimally invasive surgeon? Where does Dr. Feldman see SAGES going in the future? And finally, we discuss the work Dr. Feldman did to help create the Fundamental Use of Surgical Energy or FUSE program. The FUSE program is now a core part of North American surgery programs and helps residents to understand the actual mechanics of surgical energy devices – in other words, what exactly is the difference between blue and yellow on the bovie??? For all this and more, stay with us. Links: 1. SAGES: https://www.sages.org/ 2. SAGES twitter (bot!): https://twitter.com/SAGES_Updates?s=20 3. James IV Traveling Fellowship report: https://jamesivassociationsurgeons.com/report_liane_feldman_md.php 4. FUSE program: https://www.fuseprogram.org/

This week we were joined by THE Dr. Walt Biffl, of the Biffl score for blunt cerebrovascular injury. We picked Dr. Biffl’s brain on what goes into generating good clinical guidelines. We then delve into his work on blunt cerebrovascular disease, and finally, on pancreatic trauma. As always, sends your questions, thoughts, and comments to podcast.cjs@gmail.com. Links: 1. A tribute to Ernest E. “Gene” Moore. https://wjes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13017-018-0206-1 2. Duodeno-pancreatic and extrahepatic biliary tree trauma: WSES-AAST guidelines. https://wjes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13017-019-0278-6 3. WTA guidelines. https://www.westerntrauma.org/western-trauma-association-algorithms/ 4. Evidence-based medicine in trauma/acute care surgery- what does that look like? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30274801/ 5. Biffl scale on Radiopaedia. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/biffl-scale-for-blunt-cerebrovascular-injury

Dr. Christopher "Chip" Doig is an intensivist at the Foothills Medical Centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. We focused on a number of ethical issues in the ICU, from donation after cardiac death to the idea of “futility”, and how to discuss that with patients and their families. Finally, we try to understand how Dr. Doig remains so fresh after all these years as an intensivist. Links: 1. Resumption of Cardiac Activity after Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Measures. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2022713 2. Ethics roundtable debate: Patients and surrogates want 'everything done' – what does 'everything' mean? https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/cc5016 3. The name of the dog. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmp1806388 Biography (from U of C website) Dr Christopher Doig (better known as Chip) graduated from the University of Saskatchewan (MD with distinction), trained in Vancouver and Calgary with specialization in Internal Medicine and Critical Care Medicine. He has additional training in clinical epidemiology and health care ethics. Dr. Doig is a tenured Professor in the Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Medicine and Community Health Sciences in the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary. He is a past Department Head for Community Health Sciences, and immediate past head for the Department of Critical Care Medicine, He has held other leadership roles including as a President and on the Board of the Alberta Medical Association (AMA), the board of the Canadian Medical Association (CMA), and STARS (Shock, Trauma and Rescue Society). Dr. Doig has been recognized with a number of local, provincial, national, and international awards. These include: the McLeod Distinguished Achievement Award for Faculty from the University of Calgary, AHS President’s Excellence Award in Quality Improvement for the provincial ICU delirium initiative (co-lead), AMA Medal for Distinguished Service (contributions to developing critical care in Alberta), CMA Dr. William Marsden Award in Medical Ethics, the E. Garner King Award from the Canadian Critical Care Society, The Royal Life Saving Society Bronze Benefactor Medal (for work with STARS), and the Global Sepsis Award (Alberta Sepsis Network) from the Global Sepsis Alliance. Dr. Doig’s publications include in leading medical journals including Nature Medicine, New England Journal of Medicine, JAMA, Canadian Medical Association Journal, Academic Medicine and leading critical care journals including the American Journal of Critical Care Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, Intensive Care Medicine, and the Journal of Critical Care. Dr. Doig’s publications cover a breadth of translational medicine, clinical trials, outcomes-based research involving large cohorts and complex datasets, medical ethics, and medical education. Dr. Doig’s experience provides a unique perspective on acute care delivery involving critically ill patients, quality improvement and patient safety, public engagement, and engagement with government on health policy issues. Dr. Doig is currently developing methods to evaluate physician performance Dr. Doig’s ongoing education includes enrolment in a Master’s in Health Economics (London School of Economics) and a Master’s of Public Policy (Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago). Chip is most proud to be a father to 4 fantastic kids, and 30 years married to Suzanne. He enjoys time off in the mountains (biking, hiking and skiing), swimming, and playing soccer (currently ranked second in his family in goal scoring but hoping to improve). He is the Vogel Team Captain of Canadian National Medical Soccer playing at the World Medical Football Championships.

The Solving Healthcare podcast hosted by Kwadwo Kyeremanteng has launched medical podcasting in Canada into a whole new level. Dr. K is an intensivist based out of Ottawa, and his podcast, solving healthcare, has been a tremendous source of excellent information on COVID, medicine, exercise, nutrition, and so much more. As if he wasn’t busy enough, Dr. K has now also created the Solving Wellness platform, an online website and community that is targeted at wellness for healthcare workers. It was an absolute pleasure to throw down with Dr. K. We talk about our shared Edmontonian heritage, his work with the Solving Healthcare podcast, and the Solving Wellness platform. We are excited to announce that Cold Steel listeners can receive a free membership on the Solving Wellness platform if you go to the solving wellness website: www.drkwadwo.ca/solvingwellness and enter promo code: coldsteel. There are only 10 free memberships, so hurry to join! Remaining listeners can still get a 15% discount on their membership fees at Solving Wellness if you use promo code coldsteel15. Twitter: Dr. K: https://twitter.com/kwadwo777?s=20 Solving Healthcare podcast: https://twitter.com/KwadCast?s=20 1. Solving Healthcare podcast: https://drkwadwo.ca/ 2. Solving Wellness: www.drkwadwo.ca/solvingwellness 3. Resource Optimization Network: https://www.resourceoptimizationnetwork.com/ 4. Pareto Principle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_principle 5. Suicide and self-harm in adult survivors of critical illness: population based cohort study: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33952509/

In this episode, repeat guest and co-editor in chief of CJS Dr. Ed Harvey joins us to discuss “innovation”. Innovation is one of those buzzwords that everyone loves to throw around and use, but rarely do we actually think about what it means to do innovative work and how we might be more innovative. Dr. Harvey is an orthopedic surgeon at McGill University in Montreal, and is involved in several startups developing new devices. We’d love to hear your thoughts – what makes someone “innovative”? What can we do to create environments that encourage innovation? Send us an email at podcast.cjs@gmail.com or tweet at us @canjsurg. Check out our previous interview with Dr. Harvey here: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e49-ed-harvey-on-the-canadian-journal-of-surgery-and-ebm-in-surgery Links: 1. Parodi and development of vascular graft: https://vascularnews.com/endovascular-revolution-in-the-aorta-25-years-of-a-landmark-case/ 2. Crossing the Chasm: https://www.harpercollins.com/products/crossing-the-chasm-3rd-edition-geoffrey-a-moore?variant=32130444066850 3. The Pitch podcast: https://gimletmedia.com/shows/the-pitch 4. The Hard Thing About Hard Things: https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/the-hard-thing-about-hard/9780062273208-item.html Bio (adapted from https://rimuhc.ca/-/edward-harvey-md): Dr. Harvey is a Professor of Surgery and Senior Scientist at Centre for Translational Biology at McGill University. His research focuses on the repair and recovery of the orthopaedic trauma patient. Encompassing fundamental and clinical aspects of healing, his interests include implant and fracture optimization, stem cells and neovascularization, biosensors and evaluation of novel hardware and surgical approaches to expedite fracture repair, and innovation and business models in surgical discovery. He actively collaborates with basic scientists, clinicians and others to drive mutual research goals.

Dr. Carl Brown (https://twitter.com/drcarl_vancouvr?s=20) is a colorectal surgeon at St. Paul’s Hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia. He gave us a masterclass on rectal cancer, starting really with the history of rectal cancer surgery to the evidence around neodjuvant therapy and then giving us a peek at the future of rectal cancer treatment. We then discuss how we should best adopt new technology such a TEM or taTME. A reminder to listeners that we know have the transcripts for all our episodes available on the CJS website – this is a handy written resource to go over, especially for detailed masterclasses like this one. As always, we welcome your feedback on twitter @canjsurg or via email at podcast.cjs@gmail.com. Dr. Brown on Twitter: @drcarl_vancouvr Links: 1. Techniques and technology evolution of rectal cancer surgery: a history of more than a hundred years. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13645706.2016.1198381 2. Swedish Rectal Cancer trial in NEJM on preop radiotherapy- https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm199704033361402. 3. German Rectal cancer trail on preop vs post op radiotherapy - https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa040694 4. Dutch rectal cancer trail on preoperative radiotherapy plus TME (published in NEJM) - https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa010580 5. The "Holy" Plane of Rectal Cancer surgery by Healds - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1291757/ 6. Rates of Circumferential Resection Margin Involvement Vary Between Surgeons and Predict Outcomes in Rectal Cancer Surgery (Phil Quirke) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1422458/ 7. CCTG CO.28 primary endpoint analysis: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, excision and observation for early rectal cancer, the NEO trial. https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.3508 8. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: a review (by Dr. Brown in CJS) - http://canjsurg.ca/vol57-issue2/57-2-127/ 9. Hey, I just did a new operation!: Introducing innovative procedures and devices within an academic health center. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24866545/ 10. IDEAL Collaboration: https://www.ideal-collaboration.net/

Dr. Jillian Horton (https://twitter.com/JillianHortonMD?s=20) is an an internist at Max Rady College of Medicine in Winnipeg and the author of "We Are All Perfectly Fine". In the book, Dr. Horton beautifully explores burnout and her own personal journey in medicine. We talked to her about the process of writing and the vulnerability involved with such an honest depiction of her own struggles, as well as where we can go with the culture of medicine to make training better. Links: 1. We Are All Perfectly Fine: https://www.harpercollins.ca/9781443461634/we-are-all-perfectly-fine/ 2. Med Life with Dr. Horton: https://www.cmaj.ca/medlife 3. The ‘good’ doctor: It’s time to stop treating character like an afterthought in medicine – and everywhere else. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-the-good-doctor-its-time-to-stop-treating-character-like-an/ Bio (from https://www.gold-foundation.org/newsroom/news/dr-jillian-horton-2020-afmc-gold-humanism-award/): Dr. Horton is a general internist who serves in multiple leadership positions at University of Manitoba’s Max Rady College of Medicine in Winnipeg, including: inaugural Director of the college’s and Faculty of Health Sciences programs in Physician and Learner Wellness; Director of the Alan Klass Health Humanities Program; and Associate Chair of the Department of Internal Medicine. Dr. Horton previously served as the Associate Dean of Undergraduate Student Affairs at the medical college. She has won numerous awards for mentorship, professionalism, and teaching.

Read full transcript here: http://canjsurg.ca/e82-chuck-vollmer-masterclass-on-pancreatic-fistulas/ Dr. Charles "Chuck" Vollmer joined us again for this episode for a masterclass on pancreatic fistulas. Please listen to our previous episode with Dr. Vollmer for more about him, his career, and his fascination with all things pancreas. Previous episode with Dr. Vollmer: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e33-chuck-vollmer-on-peer-review-and-productivity Bibliography for this episode: 1. The Surgery of the Pancreas. https://www.amazon.com/Surgery-Pancreas-richard-cattell/dp/B0000CIKY7 2. Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Islet Carcinoma : A Five-Year Follow-Up A O Whipple. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17858621/ 3. Of Fistula and Football. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32976277/ 4. Decision points in pancreatoduodenectomy: Insights from the contemporary experts on prevention, mitigation, and management of postoperative pancreatic fistula. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33892952/ 5. The Fistula Risk Score Catalog: Toward Precision Medicine for Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreatoduodenectomy. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32541227/ 6. Taking Theory to Practice: Quality Improvement for Pancreaticoduodenectomy and Development and Integration of the Fistula Risk Score. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29981917/ 7. Risk Prediction for Development of Pancreatic Fistula Utilizing the ISGPF Classification Scheme. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18175170/ 8. Postoperative pancreatic fistula: an international study group (ISGPF) definition. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16003309/ 9. Defining the practice of pancreatoduodenectomy around the world. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1365182X15320165 10. The Influence of Intraoperative Blood Loss on Fistula Development Following Pancreatoduodenectomy. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33201132/ 11. Extended Experience with a Dynamic, Data-Driven Selective Drain Management Protocol in Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Progressive Risk Stratification for Better Practice. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32081751/ 12. Early versus late drain removal after standard pancreatic resections: results of a prospective randomized trial. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20622661/

We were joined this week by Drs. Rhea Liang (https://twitter.com/LiangRhea?s=20) and Simon Fleming (https://twitter.com/OrthopodReg?s=20) to talk about bullying, psychological safety, and culture change in surgery. We hope that the episode can be an opportunity for discussion and reflection for listeners. Links: 1. RCS England Theatre podcast: https://anchor.fm/rcseng/episodes/Culture-Change-Why-do-we-need-culture-change-ekeo1v/a-a3djbs4 2. Simon Fleming: I launched an anti-bullying campaign to change culture in healthcare -https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2019/04/10/simon-fleming-i-launched-an-anti-bullying-campaign-to-change-culture-in-healthcare/ 3. Operate with Respect: https://www.surgeons.org/en/about-racs/about-respect 4. Why do women leave surgical training? A qualitative and feminist study. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)32612-6/fulltext 5. All of us have a survivorship bias in regard to how we were trained in medicine. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/11/30/all-of-us-have-a-survivorship-bias-in-regard-to-how-we-were-trained-in-medicine/ Bios: Associate Professor Rhea Liang (twitter: @LiangRhea) is a general and breast surgeon on the Gold Coast. She is a surgical educationalist, Surgical Discipline Lead at Bond University and the immediate past Chair of the Operating With Respect Education Committee, RACS. She also researches, advocates and consults widely in diversity and equity issues. Simon Fleming (twitter: @OrthopodReg) is a London-based Trauma and Orthopaedic registrar. While passionate about Orthopaedics, surgical training & mentoring, he has special interests in hand surgery, competency decisions & combating bullying, undermining, harassment and the lack of diversity and equity in healthcare. He undoes all the good work he does in the gym with a love of great food and tries to change the world in his spare time.

This week we were joined by an icon of surgery, Dr. Ken Mattox. Dr. Mattox talked to us about the evolution of trauma surgery, the development of the Trauma textbook, the Las Vegas Trauma, Critical Care, and Acute Care Surgery Conference, and why he thinks we need to challenge the status quo. Links: 1. Trauma textbook: https://www.amazon.ca/Trauma-Seventh-Kenneth-L-Mattox/dp/0071663517 2. Top Knife: https://www.amazon.ca/Top-Knife-Craft-Trauma-Surgery/dp/1903378222 3. Comment on trauma care systems in Saudi Arabia: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2931788/ 4. Trauma, Critical Care, and Acute Care Surgery (TCCACS) Las Vegas course: https://www.trauma-criticalcare.com/tccacs/home/ 5. Quiet Zone Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/538557893206223/ 6. Randomized trial of pneumatic antishock garments in the prehospital management of penetrating abdominal injuries. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3578970/ 7. Extreme Ownership: How U.S. Navy SEALs Lead and Win. https://www.amazon.ca/Extreme-Ownership-U-S-Navy-SEALs/dp/1250067057 View full episode transcript: http://canjsurg.ca/cold-steel-episode-80-kenneth-mattox/ Bio (from https://www.bcm.edu/departments/surgery/meet-our-team/history-of-leadership/kenneth-l-mattox-m-d): Dr. Kenneth L. Mattox is a distinguished service professor at Baylor College of Medicine and formerly chief of staff and surgeon-in-chief at Ben Taub Hospital, where he has worked since 1973. One of his most remarkable contributions was his work in establishing and developing the internationally renowned Ben Taub Hospital Emergency Center and Trauma Center. Dr. Mattox is past President of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma and Secretary-Treasurer of the Michael E. DeBakey International Surgical Society. He previously chaired the Mayor's Red Ribbon Committee to address the Houston Fire Department Emergency Medical Service. He sat on the Hospital Subcommittee of the Mayor's Special Task Force on the Medical Aspects of Disaster. Currently, Dr. Mattox serves as a consultant to the Center for Biologic Evaluation and Research of the FDA. Dr. Mattox has served on the Board of Directors of the Rotary Club of Houston, Doctors’ Club of Houston, Wayland Baptist University, the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, the Southeast Texas Trauma Regional Advisory Council, the American College of Surgeons Board of Governors, and serves as Chairman of the Board of the John P. McGovern Museum for Health and Medical Science.

Leena Yousefi is a multiple award winning family lawyer and founder of YLaw in Vancouver, BC. We asked her to come on the show to talk a difficult subject: divorce. Leena has some really insightful comments on some of the factors that specifically seem to play a role in physician divorce, as well as some of the advice she gives her clients who unfortunately end up going through a divorce. YLaw website: https://www.ylaw.ca/ YLaw twitter: https://twitter.com/ylawfamilylaw?s=20 Leena Yousefi featured on BBC: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52481276 Bio (from YLaw website): Leena (Ronak) Yousefi is a multi award winning family lawyer, accredited mediator and the founder of YLaw, the fastest growing female-led law firm in Western Canada. She has been chosen as one of the Top 25 Most Influential Lawyers in Canada, one of Business in Vancouver’s Top 40 under 40, and voted as the #1 top-rated Vancouver Divorce Lawyer in BC*. She has won over 90% of her family law cases from 2013 to present*. In 2020, she was named by Lexpert as the only family lawyer in Canada to become the Rising Star of the legal profession.

Dr. Brian Cameron is a pediatric surgeon at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. He has dedicated himself both to pediatric surgery and to global surgery, and has worked around the world in resource-limited settings. This was a particularly memorable episode for us because Dr. Cameron retires this year! This episode was a chance for us to ask him about his career, his life story, and of course, global surgery. Congratulations again to Dr. Cameron on his well-earned retirement! Links: 1. Establishing disability weights for congenital pediatric surgical conditions: a multi-modal approach. Poenaru D, Pemberton J, Frankfurter C, Cameron BH, Stolk E. Popul Health Metr. 2017 Mar 4;15(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s12963-017-0125-5. PMID: 28259148 Free PMC article. 2. Procedural skills training for Canadian medical students participating in international electives. Margolick J, Kanters D, Cameron BH. Can Med Educ J. 2015 Apr 20;6(1):e23-33. eCollection 2015. PMID: 26451227 Free PMC article. 3. Surgical training in Guyana: the next generation. Cameron BH, Martin C, Rambaran M. Can J Surg. 2015 Feb;58(1):7-9. doi: 10.1503/cjs.010414. PMID: 25621909 Free PMC article. 4. Evaluating the long-term impact of the Trauma Team Training course in Guyana: an explanatory mixed-methods approach. Pemberton J, Rambaran M, Cameron BH. Am J Surg. 2013 Feb;205(2):119-24. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.08.004. Epub 2012 Dec 13. PMID: 23246285 5. International surgery: the development of postgraduate surgical training in Guyana. Cameron BH, Rambaran M, Sharma DP, Taylor RH. Can J Surg. 2010 Feb;53(1):11-6. PMID: 20100407 Free PMC article. 6. Teaching in Fiji: practising medicine, coping with coups. Cameron BH. CMAJ. 1989 Apr 1;140(7):833-5. PMID: 2924235 Free PMC article. No abstract available. 7. Lancet commission on global surgery: https://www.thelancet.com/commissions/global-surgery 8. Bethune Roundtable: https://www.cnis.ca/what-we-do/public-engagement-in-canada/bethune-round-table/ 9. Morad Hameed Trauma system app: https://www.em-consulte.com/article/859211/the-electronic-trauma-health-record-design-and-usa 10. Masters of Global Surgical Care at UBC: https://www.grad.ubc.ca/prospective-students/graduate-degree-programs/master-global-surgical-care Bio ( from https://www.ccghr.ca/q-brian-cameron/): Dr. Brian Cameron is a Professor of Pediatric Surgery at McMaster University and a pediatric surgeon at McMaster Children Hospital. He is the director of both the McMaster International Surgery Desk and MacGlObAS. His research interests include global surgical research and education.

This week we have a treat for our listeners – two episodes with Dr. Colin Schieman. Dr. Schieman is a thoracic surgeon at the University of Calgary and the current program director for the thoracic surgery program. We discuss a key issue in modern surgical training – are direct entry programs good or bad for training and trainees? Dr. Schieman also gives his approach for intra operative teaching. Don’t forget to check out our bonus episode this week, where Dr. Schieman gives us his approach to lung nodules and lung cancer screening! Links: 1. Scott Gmora: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e05-scott-gmora-on-surgical-training 2. Thoracic surgery training in Canada: https://www.jtcvs.org/article/S0022-5223(16)31423-4/pdf 3. General thoracic surgical training in North America: Contrasting general thoracic surgery residencies in Canada and the United States. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022522318318579?via%3Dihub Bio: Dr. Colin Schieman is a Clinical Associate Professor at the University of Calgary in the section of thoracic surgery. He did medical school, residency, and thoracic surgery fellowship at the University of Calgary. He then went on to do additional thoracic surgery training at Mayo Clinic, and subsequently practiced at St. Joseph's Hospital in Hamilton, Ontario. He came back to the University of Calgary as Assistant Professor in 2016, and is now the Program Director for the Thoracic Surgery Fellowship program.

E77 Masterclass With Colin Schieman On Lung Nodules And Lung Cancer Screening by Canadian Journal of Surgery

Dr. Peter Angelos (https://twitter.com/pangelos1?s=20) is an endocrine surgeon at the University of Chicago and is really one of the founders of the field of surgical ethics. We ask him to define for us the term “surgical ethics” and chat about a number of important ethical issues such as informed consent, paternalism, and the limits of disclosure. Links: 1. SOUTHWESTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS EDGAR J. POTH MEMORIAL LECTURE. Surgical ethics and the challenge of surgical innovation. https://www.americanjournalofsurgery.com/article/S0002-9610(14)00457-7/fulltext 2. Dr. Angelos’s column on MD Edge: https://www.mdedge.com/authors/peter-angelos-md-phd-facs 3.The personal dimension of informed consent: https://www.mdedge.com/surgery/article/79179/personal-dimension-informed-consent 4. David Urbach on the word “leaks”: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e17-david-urbach-on-checklists-wait-times-in-the-time-of-covid-and-medical-devices 5. Tim Pawlik: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e26-tim-pawlik-on-surgical-regret-leadership-and-academic-success 6. The Right Choice? Paternalism, Autonomy, and the Incidental Finding. https://www.mdedge.com/surgery/article/88487/right-choice-paternalism-autonomy-and-incidental-finding 7. How was your night, Doc? The limits of disclosure in preop. https://www.mdedge.com/obgyn/article/77752/how-was-your-night-doc-limits-disclosure-preop 8. How to Solve Ethical Conflicts in Everyday Surgical Practice: A Toolbox. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-030-05964-4_29 Bio (from https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/find-a-physician/physician/peter-angelos) Peter Angelos, MD, PhD, is a highly regarded surgeon who has extensive experience in surgery of the thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands. He is also an expert in treating endocrine cancers, including thyroid, parathyroid and adrenocortical cancers, as well as islet cell tumors of the pancreas. Dr. Angelos has a special interest in minimally invasive endocrine surgery, a type of surgery that is performed through small incisions. Minimally invasive surgery has many benefits for patients -- from less scarring and pain, to a shorter hospital stay and a quicker recovery. An accomplished author, Dr. Angelos has published many journal articles and book chapters on his research into improving outcomes of thyroid and parathyroid surgery, minimally invasive endocrine surgery and best practices for thyroid cancer treatment. Dr. Angelos is a recognized expert in medical ethics, and serves as associate director of the University of Chicago MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics. He has written widely on ethical issues in surgical practice and how to best teach medical ethics to surgical residents. He is past president of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons.

Jessica Grossman is a digital marketer, actress and model. She also is a powerful advocate for patients with Crohns disease. She specifically has done so much to destigmatize what it’s like to live with a stoma, which is a surgically created opening that allows stool to exit the body into a bag. Her work with her website uncoverostomy.org has garnered widespread attention and is an incredible resource for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In this episode, we explored what it’s like to live with a stoma, and what physicians and surgeons can do better when counseling patients who might have or need a stoma. Jessica's social media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/jessgrossman/?hl=en Twitter: https://twitter.com/JessGrossman?s=20 Uncoverostomy on Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/uncoverostomy?s=20 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/uncoverostomy/ Links: 1. https://uncoverostomy.org/ 2. https://uncoverostomy.org/2021/04/22/the-covid-19-vaccine-whats-the-worst-that-can-happen/ 3. https://uncoverostomy.org/2019/10/03/time-stop-showing-off-ostomy-10-years-uncover-ostomy/

In this episode we interview Dr. Lawrence Gillman, a trauma surgeon at the University of Manitoba. We start off talking about the course that he and Dr. Sandy Widder developed, the Simulated Trauma and Resuscitation Team Training (STARTT course). We also get his thoughts on mentoring in point-of-care and trauma ultrasound. Finally, and most powerfully, Dr. Gillman shares his experience having to cope with the love of his beloved wife Kerry, and the impact that has had on his family and his career. Links: 1. S.T.A.R.T.T.: development of a national, multidisciplinary trauma crisis resource management curriculum-results from the pilot course. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24158191/ 2. Andy Kirkpatrick on Telementored Ultrasound: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e06-andy-kirkpatrick 3. Strategies to improve communication in telementoring in acute care coordination: a scoping review. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33253511/ 4. Trauma Team Dynamics textbook: https://www.amazon.ca/Trauma-Team-Dynamics-Resource-Management/dp/3319165852 5. Cozi app: https://www.cozi.com/ Bio (from https://umanitoba.ca/faculties/health_sciences/medicine/units/surgery/8759.html): Dr. Gillman completed medical school and surgical residency at the University of Manitoba. He subsequently completed a Masters in Medical Education at the University of Dundee followed by fellowship training in Critical Care Medicine and Trauma Surgery at the University of Calgary. He joined the Department of Surgery at the University of Manitoba in 2010 as an assistant professor and currently practices as an Acute Care/Trauma Surgeon and Intensivist. Research Focus Dr. Gillman’s research interests include point of care ultrasound, surgical education and crisis simulation. Specifically he is focusing on improving training in point of care ultrasound including redeveloping the credentialing process for the FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma) examination. Other work in this area focuses on validating the use of ultrasound to measure the optic nerve sheath diameter as a non-invasive way to predict intracranial pressure. On the surgical education side, he is working on developing a novel video game platform utilizing an endoscope as a controller to teach early endoscopy skills. Finally, Dr. Gillman is co-founder of the S.T.A.R.T.T. (Standardized Trauma and Resuscitation Team Training) Course, a national trauma crisis simulation course, and is working on developing and improving the course curriculum.

Dr. Clay Cothren Burlew is a trauma surgeon in Denver, Colorado. She is world-renowned for her work on pelvic packing as well blunt cerebrovascular injuries, among many other things. We caught up with her to find out how she manages stay so productive, and specifically to talk to us about pelvic packing and blunt cerebrovascular injury. Twitter: https://twitter.com/ClayBurlew?s=20 Links: 1. Treatment for blunt cerebrovascular injuries: equivalence of anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents. Cothren CC, Biffl WL, Moore EE, Kashuk JL, Johnson JL. Arch Surg. 2009 Jul;144(7):685-90. 2. Preperitoneal pelvic packing for hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures: a paradigm shift. Cothren CC, Osborn PM, Moore EE, Morgan SJ, Johnson JL, Smith WR. J Trauma. 2007 Apr;62(4):834-9; 3. Occam's razor is a double-edged sword: concomitant pulmonary embolus and fat embolism syndrome. Cothren CC, Moore EE, Vanderheiden T, Haenel JB, Smith WR. J Trauma. 2008 Dec;65(6):1558-60. Bio (from https://www.eventscribe.com/2020/AAST2020/fsPopup.asp?Mode=presenterInfo&PresenterID=931211): Dr. Clay Cothren Burlew is a Professor of Surgery at Denver Health Medical Center/University of Colorado. Dr. Burlew grew up in San Antonio, Texas. She is a graduate of Amherst College, earning her degree in Biology magna cum laude. She attended medical school at UT Southwestern Medical School, where she was ranked 1st in her class and was elected to the Alpha Omega Alpha medical honor society. She completed her general surgery residency and Surgical Critical Care fellowship at the University of Colorado. At DHMC she is the Associate Chief of the Department of Surgery and the Director of the Surgical Intensive Care Unit. She is also the Program Director of the Surgical Critical Care Fellowship and the AAST-approved Trauma & Acute Care Surgery Fellowship. Dr. Burlew is an active surgical investigator, educator, and clinician; she has received multiple awards in each of these areas including the J. Cuthbert Owens Award, the DHMC Award for Academic Excellence, the Bartle Faculty Teaching Award, the Eiseman Medical Student Teaching Award, the Academy of Medical Educator's award for Excellence in Mentoring, and the 2017 American College of Surgeons Travelling Fellowship to Australia/New Zealand. She serves on the Committee on Trauma for the American College of Surgeons, the Board of Managers for the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, and is a Past-President of the Southwestern Surgical Congress. She is on the Editorial Board of The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, The World Journal of Emergency Surgery, and Trauma Surgery and Acute Care Open, and reviews for an additional 15 journals in an ad hoc capacity. She has authored over 200 peer-reviewed articles and 70 book chapters. She has given over 100 national lectures and scientific presentations.

Dr. Mark Soliman (https://twitter.com/MarkSoliman?s=20) is a colorectal surgeon at Advent Health in Orlando, Florida. We got to talk to Dr. Soliman about his passion for robotic colorectal surgery and where he sees robotics going in the future. We then did a deep dive on the use of video in surgery, from how to edit surgical videos to how Dr. Soliman incorporates video into resident education! Links: 1. Dr. Soliman's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChQEa8aXKsDLFA85in8YIUA 2. How to start a robotic program: https://www.sages.org/video/robotic-startup-tips-tricks-to-a-successful-start/ Bio (from AdventHealth website): Mark Soliman, MD, FACS, FASCRS is a board-certified colon and rectal surgeon. He is the Medical Director of Colorectal Surgery for the AdventHealth Digestive Health and Surgery Institute and also the Department Chairman for Colorectal Surgery. A Florida native and a proud graduate of the University of Florida, he was part of an elite junior medical program through which he earned both his undergraduate and medical degrees with honors by age 23. After serving as Chief Resident at Baptist Health System in Birmingham, AL, he obtained his advanced subspecialty training in Colorectal Surgery at the Colon and Rectal Clinic of Orlando. Dr. Soliman is one of the most recognized colorectal surgeons nationwide in robotic colorectal surgical operations and has written nearly 50 book chapters, scientific abstracts, and manuscripts on this and its related fields. He is proficient in the Arabic language.

This episode we had a special guest, Dan Van Hooren. Dan is the head coach for the University of Calgary Dinos basketball team and is a legend in Canadian university basketball history (see bio below). We asked Dan to tell us about what goes into creating great teams - the parallels to surgery were striking! Links: 1. Georges Laraque book: https://www.amazon.ca/Georges-Laraque-Story-Unlikeliest-Tough/dp/0143181017 2. Wooden: A Lifetime of Observations On and Off the Court: https://www.amazon.ca/Wooden-Lifetime-Observations-Reflections-Court/dp/0809230410 3. Eleven Rings: The Soul of Success by Phil Jackson: https://www.amazon.ca/Eleven-Rings-Success-Phil-Jackson/dp/0143125346 4. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: https://www.franklincovey.com/the-7-habits/ 5. Legacy (All Blacks) by James Kerr - https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/legacy/9781472103536-item.html 6. The Inner Game of Tennis: https://www.amazon.ca/Inner-Game-Tennis-Classic-Performance/dp/0679778314 7. The Gold Standard: Building a World-Class Team by Coach K: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6033770-the-gold-standard Bio (from Dinos website): Dan Vanhooren joined the Dinos in May 2000 and is the seventh men’s basketball head coach at the University of Calgary. Since he took over the program, Vanhooren’s Dinos have made a steady climb into elite status in U SPORTS basketball. In just four years, he took a program that had not enjoyed a winning season in nearly a decade all the way to the conference title and within two points of the national final in 2004. It was Calgary’s first Canada West championship since 1993, and their first-round victory at the Final 8 in Halifax was the Dinos’ first national quarterfinal win in 38 years. The two-point semifinal loss came at the hands of the Carleton Ravens, who went on to win the CIS title. In 2008, he coached the Dinos to their best conference record since 1976 (18-4) and played host to the Canada West Final Four in front of a sold-out Jack Simpson Gym. Eight years later in 2016, the Dinos won their sixth Canada West Championship and went on to compete in the national finals for the first time since 1966 against the Carleton Ravens. The Dinos finished with a silver medal. It was the first of five consecutive trips to the national tournament for the Dinos, who captured three conference titles in four years (2016, 2018, 2019) and reached the program's pinnacle with the 2018 national championship - a 79-77 win over Ryerson in Halifax. The following season, the Dinos posted the first undefeated season in program history at 20-0, winning an eighth Canada West title before falling in the national final. Vanhooren earned his second Canada West coach of the year honour in 2018-19 and became the first Dinos coach to win the Stewart W. Aberdeen Trophy as U SPORTS coach of the year the same season. Currently, he is head coach of the Canadian national junior team. Vanhooren moved to Calgary following a four-year stint as head coach of Medicine Hat College. In 2000 he coached the Rattlers to a bronze medal finish and was named the ACAC south coach of the year. He played varsity basketball at the University of Alberta under the legendary Don Horwood. After three seasons with the Golden Bears, Vanhooren graduated with a Bachelor of Physical Education in 1993 and moved to graduate studies at the University of British Columbia. While attending UBC he worked for the NBA’s Vancouver Grizzlies in their inaugural season, and he received his Master’s of Human Kinetics in 1996. Vanhooren is a certified NCCP Level III coach. Dan and his wife Kara reside in northwest Calgary with their three children: Peyton, Wyatt, and Nash.

Dr. Marcus Burnstein is a colorectal surgeon at St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto, Ontario. In this episode, we ask him to break down his approach to patients presenting with anal pain, perianal abscess, and perianal fistula. We also hear about the famous "circle of love"! Check out the CAGS seminar on perianal disease on April 1 at 7 pm ET! Register here: https://cags-accg.member365.ca/public/event/details/1c1d9fd96fc1866649258c9aee3cff283c4c2fe4/1 Also, check out the CAGS video library for all previously recorded CAGS webinars: https://cags-accg.member365.ca/sharingnetwork/education/videolibrary Bio (from U of T website): Dr. Burnstein is a graduate of the Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University. He trained in General Surgery at the University of Toronto and in Colon and Rectal Surgery at the University of Toronto and the Lahey Clinic Medical Centre in Burlington, Massachusetts. Dr. Burnstein began his career at Dalhousie University in 1986. He was the Program Director of the General Surgery Residency Program at Dalhousie University from 1989 – 1992. In 1992, Dr. Burnstein joined the Department of Surgery at the University of Toronto, where he has been the Program Director of the General Surgery Residency Program (1994 – 2001) and Head, Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital (1996 –2003). He was the Program Director of the University of Toronto Residency Program in Colon and Rectal Surgery from 1996 - 2011. Dr. Burnstein is a Member of the Board of Directors of the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery and is an Examiner for the American Board. He has served as an Associate Editor of Diseases of the Colon and Rectum and an Associate Editor of the Canadian Journal of Surgery. He has served as the President of the Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons and as the Chair of the Royal College of Canada Specialty Committee for Colon and Rectal Surgery. Dr. Burnstein is an Associate Professor of Surgery at the University of Toronto, and practices at St. Michael's Hospital.

Dr. Melissa “Red” Hoffman is one of only 80 dual-boarded trauma surgeons and palliative care physicians in the US. She joined us on this episode to talk about surgical palliative care and how surgeons can potentially do this better. We also ask her about her life journey informs the work that she does today, including her outstanding writing. Links: 1. Dr. Melissa Red Hoffman: https://redhoffmanmd.com/ 2. The Sound of Silence – When there are no Words. JAMA. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2737686 3. Surgical Palliative Care podcast: https://redhoffmanmd.com/podcast/ 4. Being Mortal by Atul Gawande: http://atulgawande.com/book/being-mortal/ 5. The impact of country and culture on end-of-life care for injured patients: results from an international survey. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21045742/ Bio (From Dr. Hoffman’s website): When she was 19 years old, Dr. Red’s father was tragically killed in Cairo, Egypt. Her father’s violent death, and the experiences which followed, inspired her to pursue a career in both trauma surgery and hospice and palliative medicine. She now utilizes both her integrative medicine training as well as her training in palliative medicine to provide whole-person care to her surgical patients and their families. As one of just 80 surgeons in the United States who is board-certified in hospice and palliative medicine, Dr. Red is a leader in the field of surgical palliative care. She writes and speaks extensively on how to integrate palliative medicine into the care of all surgical and trauma patients. She has an active online presence, has a bi-monthly column in General Surgery News entitled The Surgical Pause and is the creator and host of The Surgical Palliative Care Podcast. In her free time, Dr. Red enjoys writing, reading, taking long walks, eating gorgeous food and drinking yummy drinks, and spending time with her orange cat Sammy and her boyfriend Brandon.

It’s not uncommon for surgeons to think about taking a break at various points in their career, but for many of us, it might seem daunting to think about how to make that happen. Dr. Paul Duffy is an orthopedic surgeon, Clinical Assistant Professor and Division Chief of Orthopedia Trauma at the Foothills Medical Centre in Calgary, Alberta. He recently gave a fantastic grand rounds for the Department of Surgery in Calgary about his experience taking a 6 month sabbatical. In this episode, we asked him to share with us his thoughts on his career and “taking a break” in the form of a sabbatical.

Dr. Vahagn Nikolian (https://twitter.com/VNikolian?s=20) has been thinking about the way we can adopt virtual care far before the COVID19 pandemic. Dr. Nikolian is a surgeon at Oregon Health & Science University and specializes in abdominal wall reconstruction. In this episode, we talk to him about how he got interested in telehealth, how we can streamline telehealth consults, and where he sees telemedicine going in the future. 1. Pilot study on eClinics: https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Fulltext/2018/10000/Pilot_Study_to_Evaluate_the_Safety,_Feasibility,.18.aspx 2. Role of telemedicine in postoperative care: https://mhealth.amegroups.com/article/view/19310/19390 3. Touch. CMAJ. https://www.cmaj.ca/content/183/18/2141 4. Surgical plans generated from telemedicine visits are rarely changed after in-person evaluation in spine patients. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33227550/ Bio: Twitter: @VNikolian Link to OHSU profile: https://www.ohsu.edu/people/vahagn-c-nikolian-md Dr. Vahagn Nikolian is a board-certified General Surgeon with advanced training and expertise in abdominal wall reconstruction. He is a member of a talented team of surgeons at OHSU where he uses his experience and research to help advance the treatment of patients with hernias and abdominal wall defects. Dr. Nikolian was raised in Southern California, where he attended medical school and graduated with honors from the University of Southern California. He completed his surgical residency at the University of Michigan. He completed his complex abdominal wall reconstruction fellowship at Columbia University Medical Center in New York City. His research and commentaries have been published in several prominent journals such as the Journal of the American Medical Association and Annals of Surgery. His research at OHSU involves utilizing technology to improve patient care. Specifically, he directs his efforts towards improving access to digital health and improving outcomes in hernia surgery using minimally invasive and robotic surgical technology. To date, he has over 60 peer-reviewed publications and book chapters focused on general surgery, resident education, and digital health. He has received numerous national awards as well as funding from the National Institutes of Health and other surgical societies. Dr. Nikolian aims to work with patients, their families, and primary care doctors to develop patient-centered treatment plans. He looks forward to collaborating with other specialists to give patients the most options and the best possible outcomes.

It is astonishing how a pea-sized gland in one’s neck could be so troublesome. Dr. Jesse Pasternak is an endocrine surgeon at Toronto General Hospital. In this episode, we delve into the workup of hyperparathyroidism, Dr. Pasternak’s approach to parathyroid surgery, and his thoughts on the introduction of new surgical techniques. Links: 1. Charles Martell (first successful parathyroidectomy): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5135504/ 2. Differences in long-term quality of life between hemithyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy in patients treated for low-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31623853/ 3. David Urbach on language around thyroid nodules: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e17-david-urbach-on-checklists-wait-times-in-the-time-of-covid-and-medical-devices/reposts 4. The Role of Disease Label in Patient Perceptions and Treatment Decisions in the Setting of Low-Risk Malignant Neoplasms. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30896738/ Bio (https://surgery.utoronto.ca/faculty/jesse-pasternak): Dr Jesse Pasternak is an endocrine surgeon specializing in the surgical management of thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal tumors. After obtaining his undergraduate degree at McGill University, he completed his medical school and residency at McMaster University in Hamilton. He then moved to San Francisco, California where he trained as an Orlo Clark Fellow in Endocrine Surgery and Oncology at UCSF. Dr Pasternak also completed a master’s degree (MPH) at Harvard University with a focus in epidemiology. As a surgeon at the University Health Network, his clinical focus is minimally invasive endocrine surgery. As a researcher, he studies clinical endocrine surgery and health outcomes.

What do you do if you are a "struggling" trainee or trying to help a struggling trainee? We were lucky enough to have Dr. Ahmer Karimuddin join us on this episode to try to answer those questions. He might even change your mind on the way you think about the word "struggling". Dr. Karimuddin is a colorectal surgeon at St. Paul’s Hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia. Along with Dr. Tracy Scott, Dr. Karimuddin is the co-program director for the UBC general surgery program. We talk to him about how to approach the struggling trainee, as well as some of the innovative strategies the UBC program is utilizing to more objectively select residents. Links: 1. Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Academic American Surgery Faculty: An Elusive Dream. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33011449/ 2. "Hamlet was wrong." Revisionist History podcast by Malcolm Gladwell. http://revisionisthistory.com/episodes/49-hamlet-was-wrong 3. "Talking to Strangers" by Malcolm Gladwell. https://www.amazon.com/Talking-Strangers-Should-about-People/dp/0316478520 4. Surgical training in the midst of a pandemic: a distributed general surgery residency program’s response to COVID-19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7458681/

In this episode, we interview Shane DiNapoli, a chartered accountant based in Calgary, Alberta. We talk to him about some of the common mistakes he sees physicians make with their finances, physician corporations, and the advice that he has for physicians starting out in their practice. Links: 1. https://shanedinapoli.com/

Have you ever stared at the garbage bags in the operating room and thought – that’s a lot of trash! Dr. Andrea MacNeill (https://twitter.com/Ecosurgeon?s=20) took that thought and decided to do something about it. Dr. MacNeill is a surgical oncologist at Vancouver General Hospital and is on a mission to improve planetary health, inside and outside the operating room. We ask her in this episode to walk us through how the operating room impacts the environment, what we can do to lessen that impact, and how that effort might help cut costs and improve patient care. Links: 1. Paper in Lancet Planetary Health: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29851650/ 2.Life cycle environmental emissions and health damages from the Canadian healthcare system: An economic-environmental-epidemiological analysis. https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002623 3. Transforming The Medical Device Industry: Road Map To A Circular Economy. https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01118 Bio (from BCHLC website: https://cchl-ccls.ca/site/bchlc_plenary_MacNeill) Dr. Andrea MacNeill is a surgical oncologist at Vancouver General Hospital and BC Cancer, and a clinical associate professor at the University of British Columbia where she specializes in sarcoma and peritoneal malignancies. She holds a Master’s Degree in Environmental Change and Management and has published a number of studies investigating the environmental impacts of healthcare activities. She is the international working group lead for sustainable healthcare for CODA, a global health community mobilizing around climate and health issues, and is co-leading a Canadian initiative for a commitment to net zero healthcare emissions. She is working with Vancouver Coastal Health on a transformational planetary health strategy to mitigate the healthcare climate footprint while creating health and social value. She is committed to designing health systems for optimal planetary health and educating health professionals to be agents of change.

Dr. Michael D’Angelica (https://twitter.com/MichaelDAngeli2?s=20)is a surgical oncologist and hepatobiliary surgeon at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre. He is world-renowned for both his research and clinical expertise in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases. We got to pick his brain on his approach to colorectal liver mets, as well as some of his broader advice for prospective fellows and his experience living in New York City though the COVID19 pandemic. Transcript: http://canjsurg.ca/podcast-episode-e61-masterclass-with-michael-dangelica-on-colorectal-liver-metastases/ Links: 1. Hepatic resection for colorectal metastases – review by Tim Frankel and Dr. D’Angelica. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24318723/ 2. Safety and feasibility of initiating a hepatic artery infusion pump chemotherapy program for unresectable colorectal liver metastases: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33095919/ 3. The re-birth of hepatic arterial infusion for colorectal liver metastases by Dr. Nancy Kemeny. https://jgo.amegroups.com/article/view/1042/html 4. Assessing resectability of colorectal liver metastases: How do different subspecialties interpret the same data? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30067183/ 5. Treatment sequencing for simultaneous colorectal liver metastases. Review by Dr. D’Angelica. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30816577/ Bio (from AHPBA website): Dr. D’Angelica is an Assistant Attending in the Department of Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary Service at Memorial SloanKettering Cancer Center. He is a Board-certified surgical oncologist with expertise in treating cancer of the liver, bile ducts, gall bladder, and pancreas. He works with a team that has developed and uses many surgical and non-surgical techniques that have shown remarkable success in treating these cancers. Sloan-Kettering’s multi-disciplinary methods of treatment — including novel combinations of surgery, ablation, embolization as well as systemic and regional chemotherapy — offer patients with cancers in these organs a good chance of long-term survival and cure. Dr. D’Angelica earned his M.D. at the Tufts University School of Medicine in 1993, followed by a residency at the University of Connecticut Integrated General Surgery through 2000. He did a Research Fellowship at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1995-97, serving as Chief Administrative Fellow in 1996-97. Dr. D’Angelica did his Clinical Fellowship at Sloan-Kettering form 2000 to 2002. Dr. D’Angelica belongs to several professional societies in addition to AHPBA, including the American College of Surgeons, Society of Surgical Oncology, the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, and the Uconn Surgical Society. He serves as a reviewer for several professional journals, including Surgery, Journal of the American College of Surgeons, Cancer, Pancreatology, and the Annals of Surgical Oncology. Dr. D’Angelica has a strong clinical interest in combining surgery, systemic chemotherapy, and hepatic arterial infusional chemotherapy (chemotherapy delivered directly to the liver through an implanted device) to treat tumors that have spread extensively throughout the liver. Dr. D’Angelica has published extensively on the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer and proven that cure is possible with liver resection. He has been very involved in research on the treatments of gallbladder, pancreas, and bile duct cancer. Members of his research group are studying tissues from surgical specimens to identify genetic changes in tumors with the goal of improving treatment outcomes and enable us to develop new treatments.

Dr. Andrew Ibrahim (https://twitter.com/AndrewMIbrahim) is a general surgeon at the University of Michigan and an architect at the firm HOK. In this episode, we talk about his path and how he combined his passion for surgery and architecture. We get his thoughts on visual abstracts, the concept of design, his vision for hospitals of the future and what architects might learn from surgeons. Links: Links: 1. WIRED story about Dr. Ibrahim: https://www.wired.com/story/lets-save-some-lives-doctors-journey-into-pandemic/ 2. Dr. Ibrahim’s website, which also has great resources on visual abstracts: https://www.surgeryredesign.com/ 3. Design-thinking and IDEO: https://www.ideo.com/ 4. Ernest Codman: https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/11/1/104 5. Health in All Design: https://www.hok.com/news/2019-12/health-in-all-design-dr-andrew-ibrahim-on-the-intersection-of-architecture-and-healthcare/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CAt%20HOK%20we%20have%20launched,public%20space%20for%20health%20intervention. 6. Annals of Surgery paper on “Building a Better Operating Room”: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27163950/ 7. Health and Design Fellowship: https://medicine.umich.edu/dept/surgery/education/health-design-fellowship Bio: Andrew M. Ibrahim MD, MSc is an Assistant Professor of Surgery, Architecture & Urban Planning at the University of Michigan and Chief Medical Officer at HOK, a global design and architecture firm. He completed his undergraduate and medical degrees education both with Honors at Case Western Reserve University with a year of coursework at University College London and The Bartlett School of Architecture. In addition to his health services research degree from the University of Michigan as a Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholar, he completed additional policy training as a Crile Fellow at Princeton University and as a Doris Duke Fellow at John Hopkins Hospital. Dr. Ibrahim’s research at the interface of healthcare, policy evaluation and architecture has resulted in numerous publications, book chapters, international presentations and appointment to the editorial boards at the Annals of Surgery and the JAMA Network. He is one the youngest Senior Principal’s at HOK and currently serves as the Innovation Principal on a >$2 billion academic health center master plan.

Our guest for this episode doesn’t believe in comfort zones. Dr. Vivian McAlister is a transplant surgeon, a professor of surgery in London, Ontario, and a former Editor-in-Chief of the Canadian Journal of Surgery. At the age of 52, Dr. McAlister decided to enlist with the Canadian Forces Health Services as a combat surgeon. For all his contributions to Canada as a surgeon and researcher, he was recently named an Office of the Order of Canada. In this episode, we talk about why chose to become a military surgeon, some of the challenges of current training paradigms, and his experience being an Editor-in-Chief of CJS. Please note that in this episode, we do discuss the very real but terrible things Dr. McAlister witnessed while on tour with the Canadian military. Please see below: 12:30 – 16:45: description of injuries of children after being hit with improvised explosive devices (IEDs) Links: 1. Dr. McAlister naming to the Order of Canada: https://www.schulich.uwo.ca/surgery/about_us/news/2021/dr_vivian_mcalister_named_officer_of_the_order_of_canada.html#:~:text=Order%20of%20Canada-,Dr.,to%20the%20Order%20of%20Canada. 2. Dr. McAlister’s John McCrae Memorial Medal: https://www.cma.ca/john-mccrae-memorial-medal-2019-recipient 3. Injury profile suffered by targets of antipersonnel improvised explosive devices: prospective cohort study: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/7/7/e014697.reviewer-comments.pdf 4. Dr. McAlister’s paper on the history of CJS: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4512859/ 5. The current state of resident trauma training: Are we losing a generation? http://canjsurg.ca/61-3-153/ Bio: Vivian McAlister is a surgeon at University Hospital London. He is a professor in the Department of Surgery. He is a member of the Canadian Forces Medical service and has deployed to Afghanistan and Haiti. He is a general surgeon with special interest in hepatobiliary, endobiliary, transplant and combat surgery. His research interests include fundamental and clinical research in these areas as well as the history of medicine. https://www.schulich.uwo.ca/generalsurgery/people/bio/vivian_mcalister.html

We are absolutely delighted to have Karen Norris (@freckleface23 on twitter) join us on the podcast today. Karen Norris is the conference manager at the Canadian Association of General Surgeons and manages the Canadian Surgery Forum, the largest annual meeting for Canadian general surgeons. In this episode we talk about what the future holds for conferences in a COVID world, including how organizations can optimize their virtual conferences and what hybrid conferences might look like. Links: 1. The Art of Gathering: How We Meet and Why it Matters - https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/319055/the-art-of-gathering-by-priya-parker/ 2. Meetings Mean Business Canada Advocacy Video: https://vimeo.com/367271986 3. Meetings Mean Business webpage: https://www.meetingsmeanbusiness.ca/ 4. TraumaCon: https://traumacon.org/ 5. Mike Morrison (Twitter): https://twitter.com/mikemorrison?lang=en 6. Article I referenced about one conference using unique networking opportunities: https://www.bizbash.com/production-strategy/virtual-events/article/21202973/how-american-film-markets-virtual-conference-created-spontaneous-networking-opportunities 7. The Canadian Association of General Surgeons: https://cags-accg.ca/ 8. The Canadian Surgery Forum: https://www.canadiansurgeryforum.com/ Bio: Karen Norris has a degree in Political Science and Sociology from Queens University, a diploma in Event Management from Algonquin College and in 2015 she achieved her Certified Meeting Professional (CMP) designation from the Events Industry Council. She is the Conference Manager at the Canadian Association of General Surgeons (CAGS) and manages the Canadian Surgery Forum which is the largest surgical meeting in Canada attracting 1000+ delegates annually. Before her position with CAGS, she had coordinated conferences for the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada and the Coaching Association of Canada. She has sat on numerous boards and committees with Meeting Professionals International (Ottawa Chapter) and The Professional Convention Management Association (Canada-East Chapter). She has also sat on various tourism advisory boards for major Canadian cities who host business events and she currently sits on the Algonquin College Event Management Program Advisory Board. She was awarded Planner of the Year in 2018 by the Ottawa Chapter of Meetings Professional International and was a member of the team who won the 2019 “RISE” Award for most Innovative Educational Programming by Meeting Professionals International for an inaugural conference entitled “The Event”. Whenever she can, she works with Meetings Mean Business Canada, the advocacy arm of the business events industry for Canada to garner support from government officials and the public about the economic impact of conferences and events.

It’s our pleasure to start off the new year with an episode on social media and surgery! In this episode, we were joined by Dr. Sean Langenfeld (https://twitter.com/seanlangenfeld). Dr. Langenfeld is a colorectal surgeon at the University of Nebraska and has spent a long time doing research and thinking about social media and surgery. We talk about the concept of “professionalism” on social media, the infamous “medbikini” incident, and online reputation management. Links: 1. An assessment of unprofessional behavior among surgical residents on Facebook: a warning of the dangers of social media. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24981657/ 2. The Glass Houses of Attending Surgeons: An Assessment of Unprofessional Behavior on Facebook Among Practicing Surgeons. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26276300/ 3. CNN article on #MedBikini: https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/25/cnn10/medbikini-backlash-and-apologies-trnd/index.html 4. RETRACTED: Prevalence of unprofessional social media content among young vascular surgeons. https://www.jvascsurg.org/article/S0741-5214(19)32587-X/fulltext 5. Social Dilemma documentary. https://www.netflix.com/ca/title/81254224 6. ASCRS Facebook group. https://www.facebook.com/fascrs/groups/ Bio (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4755771/): Dr. Sean Langenfeld is a staff colon and rectal surgeon at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha, NE. Sean received his undergraduate and medical school training at St. Louis University in St. Louis, MO, and performed his General Surgery Residency training at the University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS. Following this, Sean completed his Colon and Rectal Surgery residency at the University of Texas, in Houston, TX. Since that time he has been at the University of Nebraska where he is an Associate Professor of Surgery, Chief of Colon and Rectal Surgery and Associate Program Director for the General Surgery Residency. He is also the Director, Endoscopic Simulation at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. Sean remains a busy active clinician and academic surgeon, teaching residents on a daily basis. He is an active researcher and has several ongoing projects on the use of social media in surgery and simulation training in the era of the modern residency. He is an active participant in multiple surgical societies and serves on several national committees of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Sean and his wife, Elizabeth, have three children, and live in Omaha, NE. When not working, Sean enjoys playing in a men's soccer league, watching all Creighton Bluejays' sports teams, and is a huge Nebraska Cornhusker football fan.

In this episode, we were lucky enough to have Dr. Nicholas Zyromski (https://twitter.com/nzyromski) give us a masterclass on pancreatitis. We go over classification and then go through a host of controversial topics: endoscopic management, percutaneous drainage, antibiotics, nutrition, and surgical management. Don't forget to check out Dr. Zyromski's music, including "P-Blues"! Links: 1. Nicholas Zyromski on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/3H9y3W3B8a2K7SGAXgzNB6 2. Atlanta Criteria: https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/rg.2016150097 3. John Howard: https://bulletin.facs.org/2019/05/john-m-howard-a-pioneer-in-vascular-trauma-and-pancreatic-surgery/#:~:text=Howard%20was%20known%20for%20his,of%20pancreatitis%20and%20pancreatic%20cancer. 4. Thomas Howard “As Good As it Gets” editorial: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1877065/ 5. Transgastric Pancreatic debridement video: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11605-019-04375-x 6. Prospective Analysis of the Mechanisms Underlying Ineffective Deep Vein Thrombosis Prophylaxis in Necrotizing Pancreatitis. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33039510/ 7. Endoscopic management of pancreatic ascites due to duct disruption following acute necrotizing pancreatitis. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jgh3.12113 Dr. Zyromski's Bio: As a gastrointestinal surgeon with a specialty in pancreas and hepatobiliary surgery, a substantial portion of my clinical practice involves caring for patients with GI and HPB malignancy. My major interest within this sub discipline is pancreatic disease. In this context, my research goals are two: 1. Clinical research: To continue to expand and build upon an already active clinical research program within the pancreatic service. Current efforts include collaboration within the Department of Surgery pancreatic surgery group evaluating methods to improve technical considerations in surgery for pancreatic cancer as well as retrospective clinical studies utilizing lndiana Universlty's large volume of pancreatic cancer patients. Future directions include prospective randomized trials, evaluating optimal management for patients with pancreatic cancer including anticoagulation in the setting of superior mesenteric vein/portal venous resection. 2. Basic science research: The fundamental platform of my basic science laboratory program is to evaluate pancreatic disease in the context of obesity. Obesity is epidemic in America in 2007 and has been shown to be an independent risk factor both for developing severe acute pancreatitis as well as for developing pancreatic cancer. Over the past year, in efforts to get my laboratory program up and running, I have focused on the pancreatitis arm. The big picture, however, also includes the study of pancreatic cancer. This fall we have experiments planned to investigate the mechanisms by which obesity may potentiate the development of pancreatic cancer in our well-established murine model of congenital obesity. As both arms of this laboratory program mature , the ultimate goal is to provide translational application.

In this episode, we discuss the Danish mask study. We discuss the paper itself and the results. More importantly, we discuss the challenges of science communication and science literacy for physicians and the general public. We were joined once again by Drs. Kelly Vogt (https://twitter.com/kellynvogt) and Morad Hameed (https://twitter.com/moradhameed). Email us at podcast.cjs@gmail.com with your thoughts and comments! Links: 1. Effectiveness of Adding a Mask Recommendation to Other Public Health Measures to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Danish Mask Wearers. Annals of Internal Medicine. https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M20-6817 2. The curious case of the Danish mask study. https://doi-org.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/10.1136/bmj.m4586 3. https://www.tmz.com/2020/11/22/facebook-masks-oxford-masks-false-information-covid-coronavirus/

In this episode, we were joined by surgical oncologist Dr. Carolyn Nessim (www.twitter.com/carolynnessim). Dr. Nessim works at the Ottawa General Hospital and gave us a masterclass on melanoma. We talk about an initial approach to melanoma, staging, immunotherapy, and a walk-through of how Dr. Nessim does her groin dissections. Links 1. http://carolynnessim.com/ 2. The eighth edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) melanoma staging system: implications for melanoma treatment and care. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7652033/ 3. Cordeiro et al. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Thin Cutaneous Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26932710/ 4. Socioeconomic Status and Melanoma in Canada: A Systematic Review. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32955341/ Brief Bio: Dr. Carolyn Nessim is a Surgical Oncologist at the Ottawa Hospital and Assistant Professor of Surgery at the University of Ottawa. She completed her MD, MSc (Biomedical Sciences) and General Surgery Residency at the University of Montreal. Her fellowship training was in Surgical Oncology at the University of Toronto and then at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Center in Melbourne Australia. She is currently also a Clinician Investigator in the Cancer Therapeutics Program at The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) as well as the Program Director for the Complex Surgical Oncology Subspecialty Fellowship training program. Her clinical practice focuses on the treatment of patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma/GIST, Melanoma/Skin Cancers, Gastric cancer and Neuroendocrine Tumours. She is the Regional Co-Lead for Melanoma and Skin Cancers and Gastric Cancer in the Champlain LHIN. She has been invited as a speaker and moderator at several national and international conferences on the topics of Sarcoma and Melanoma. She is a member of Cancer Care Ontario's Skin Cancer Advisory Board as well as the American Society of Clinical Oncology's Technical Expert Group for Melanoma.

Dr. Ryan Martin is an orthopedic surgeon at the Foothills Medical Centre in Calgary, Alberta. We talked to him about what it was like to be a sports doctor for the Calgary stampeders, and the preparation he does for going into the operating room. Dr. Martin received his medical degree from the University of Ottawa. He later went on to complete his Orthopedic surgical residency at the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary (Calgary, AB). After completing his surgical residency, he began his sub-specialization. He completed his Orthopedic Trauma Fellowship at the Hospital for Special Surgery - Cornell University (New York, NY) and his Sport Medicine and Arthroscopy Fellowship at the University of Toronto (Toronto, ON). Since returning to Calgary, Dr. Martin has taken up practice centered out of the Foothills Medical Centre. While running a busy Level 1 trauma practice he has focused on the arthroscopic treatment of traumatic knee conditions involving fractures as well as cartilage and ligament injuries. Dr. Martin travels nationally and internationally to lecture and present his research. He serves on several committees including the Trauma representative for the University of Calgary Orthopedic Surgery Residency Training Committee, Co-Chair of the Canadian Orthopedic Residency Forum and Co-lead of the bulk Allograft Cartilage Transplantation Program. He also serves as an Orthopedic Surgeon for the Calgary Stampeders Football Club. When his is not working Dr. Martin spends most of his time with his wife and son. He enjoys skiing, mountain biking, playing hockey and painting. Links: 1. EBRS-CAGS Journal Club: Antibiotics versus Appendectomy for Appendicitis: https://us02web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_wm0nIlJLR-2zcRcqDUs8uQ 2. Ammolite Biomodels: https://www.ammolitebiomodels.com/

In this episode, Dr. Kelly Vogt (https://twitter.com/kellynvogt) and Dr. Rebecca Auer(https://twitter.com/auer_r) join us to talk about the documentary film "RBG". What can we as surgeons learn about from the work of Ruth Bader Ginsburg? Links: -RBG documentary: https://www.netflix.com/ca/title/80240086

This is a special episode of Cold Steel done in collaboration with the Canadian Association of General Surgeons (CAGS: www.twitter.com/CAGS_ACCG). In lieu of the annual Canadian Surgical Forum (CSF), CAGS put on a series of fantastic webinars over the week of Nov 26 - 30. These were highly impactful and relevant webinars. Topics included: -The COVID-19 Elective Surgery Crisis and New Models of Surgical Referral and Care - Alone in the Night: Difficult Scenarios in ACS - Revitalizing the Morbidity and Mortality Conference (MMC) - Diversity in Health Research Outcomes In this session, we discussed the challenges facing Morbidity and Mortality Conferences (MMC's) and how we can continue to revitalize this time-honoured tradition. The session was moderated and organized by Ameer Farooq, with Dr. Morad Hameed, Dr. Chelsea Harris, and Dr. Christian Finley as the invited panelists. To check out all the CAGS webinars, please go to the CAGS website (https://cags-accg.ca/). Please consider becoming a member to access all the great content available to CAGS members. Links for M&M's 1. Dr. Hameed narrative review paper on MMC's: http://canjsurg.ca/63-3-e211/ 2. Failure to rescue paper by Dr. Amir Ghaferi: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmsa0903048 3. The last dance: https://www.netflix.com/ca/title/80203144 4. Association between technical skill and long-term survival for colon cancer: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.5462 5. Ethics M&Ms: https://meridian.allenpress.com/jgme/article/8/3/462/189862/Ethics-M-amp-Ms-Toward-a-Recognition-of-Ethics-in 6. cultural complications - https://www.culturalcomplications.com/ 7. ottawa M&M "OM3" model: https://emottawablog.com/2018/03/improving-morbidity-mortality-rounds-om3/ 8. Positive deviance for continuous quality improvement: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26188970/ 9. Pan-Canadian standards for Cancer Surgery (Finley): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31364830/

In this episode we were honoured to once again have another icon of trauma surgery join us. Dr. Ernest E. Gene Moore is a trauma surgeon at the Denver General Hospital. In this episode we explore Dr. Moore’s early insights into the developments of acute care surgery as a specialty, how he defined not one but two major surgery journals, and how he continues to think about the evolution of surgery moving forward. Ernest E. “Gene” Moore, MD, was the Chief of Trauma at the Denver General Hospital for 36 years, Chief of Surgery for 28 years, and the first Bruce M. Rockwell Distinguished Chair in Trauma Surgery. He continues to serve as Vice Chairman for Research and is a Distinguished Professor of Surgery at the University of Colorado Denver (UCD), and has been the Editor of the Journal of Trauma since 2011. Under Dr. Moore’s leadership, the Rocky Mountain Regional Trauma Center at Denver General became internationally recognized for innovative care of the injured patient, and its trauma research laboratory has been funded by the NIH for 35 consecutive years. In July 2018, the center was renamed the Ernest E Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health. Dr. Moore has served as president of nine academic societies, including the Society of University Surgeons, American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, International Association for the Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care, and the World Society of Emergency Surgery; and as Vice President for the American Surgical Association. His awards include the Robert Danis Prize from the Society of International Surgeons, Orazio Campione Prize from the World Society of Emergency Surgery, Philip Hench Award from the University of Pittsburgh, Florence Sabin Award from the University of Colorado, Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society of University Surgeons, Lifetime Achievement Award for Resuscitation Science from the American Heart Association, Distinguished Investigator Award from the American College of Critical Medicine, Distinguished Investigator Award from the Shock Society, Lifetime Service Award from the International Association for Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care, and the Medallion for Scientific Achievement from the American Surgical Association. He has honorary fellowships in the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, the Royal College of Surgeons of Thailand, and the American College of Emergency Physicians; and is an honorary member of the Brazilian Trauma Society, Colombian Trauma Society, Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery, North Pacific Surgical Association, and Trauma Association of Canada. Dr. Moore is coeditor of the textbook Trauma, in its 9th edition, Surgical Secrets in its 7th edition, and Trauma Induced Coagulopathy, in its 2nd edition; he has >1700 publications and has lectured extensively throughout the world. He is married to Sarah Van Duzer Moore, M.D., an internist at the University of Colorado Denver, and they have two sons; Hunter, a transplant fellow at UCD and Peter, a pulmonary/critical care fellow, both at UCD. Dr. Moore’s additional interests include endurance sports, mountaineering, skiing, and wapiti pursuit. He lives by the principle to work hard you must play hard, with the understanding that family is the ultimate priority. Links 1. AAST Interview w/ Dr. Moore: http://www.aast.org/assets/f658eae6-95c2-4258-9df0-58344a846882/635338644875870000/23-ernest-e-gene-moore-md-1993-1994-pdf 2. Dedication of Ernest E Moore Shock Trauma Center: https://www.denverhealth.org/news/2018/07/dedication-of-the-ernest-e-moore-shock-trauma-center-at-denver-health 3. WSES tribute to Dr. Moore: https://wjes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13017-018-0206-1

1. Dr. Harvey bio: https://irr-rimuhc.ca/edward-harvey/ 2. Article on the previous Canadian Journal of Surgery Editors-in-Chief: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2386197/ 3. Continuing a long tradition: the Canadian Journal of Surgery at 60. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608575/ 4. COPE committee on publication ethics: https://publicationethics.org/ 5. A sampling of Dr. Harvey's editorials for CJS: http://canjsurg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/60-1-4.pdf and https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26011846/ 6. Evidence-Based Medicine: Boom or Bust in Orthopaedic Trauma. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31609888/

In this episode, we were lucky enough to have Dr. Clarence Wong. Dr. Wong is an interventional gastroenterologist at the University of Alberta. He gave us a masterclass on the approach to large polyp. We also talked about the development of screening guidelines in Alberta, and way to improve the quality of colonoscopies on a very practical level. Tweet at us @CanJSurg or email us at podcast.cjs@gmail.com. Links: 1. Is 45 the new 50 in colorectal cancer screening? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33077453/ 2. https://www.healio.com/news/hematology-oncology/20201027/uspstf-expands-colorectal-cancer-screening-recommendation-to-include-adults-age-45-years#:~:text=All%20adults%20should%20begin%20to,initiation%20at%20age%2045%20years. 3. Managing difficult polyps: techniques and pitfalls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3959925/ 4. Geographic variation in the provider of screening colonoscopy in Canada: a population-based cohort study. http://cmajopen.ca/content/6/1/E126.full. 5. Alberta CRC Screening Guidelines: https://actt.albertadoctors.org/CPGs/Lists/CPGDocumentList/colorectal-cancer-screening-guideline.pdf 6. DOPS Program in BC for Colon Screening: http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/screening/Documents/COLON_GuidelinesManual-DOPSCandidateResourceBooklet.pdf 7. CAG SEE course: https://www.cag-acg.org/education/see-program Dr. Wong is a gastroenterologist and Associate Professor with the Division of Gastroenterology at the University of Alberta. He is an Attending Staff gastroenterologist at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, University of Alberta Hospital and the Cross Cancer Institute. He holds a BSc in Cellular and Molecular Biology from the University of Calgary and a MD degree from the University of Alberta. He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) in Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology having completed medical residency at McMaster University in Hamilton and the University of Alberta. During his training, Dr. Wong was awarded research fellowships from both the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research and the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology for translational research in Experimental Oncology. He has also completed a fellowship in endoscopic ultrasound and is a therapeutic endoscopist focusing on gastrointestinal cancers. He is the medical director of the Edmonton Endoscopic Ablation Program which treats Barrett’s esophagus and early upper gastrointestinal tract cancers. He is also the provincial medical director of the Alberta Colorectal Cancer Screening program (ACRCSP). His research interests include clinical and laboratory innovations in colon cancer screening and Barrett’s esophagus. He received funding from AHFMR and Alberta Innovates. Dr. Wong is a Past-President of the Alberta Society of Gastroenterology. He has received regional and national teaching awards for excellence in medical education including Endoscopy & Teacher of the Year from the UofA GI Residency Training Program, the University of Alberta Medical Students’ Association Teacher of the Year Award, the Canadian Association of Medical Education (CAME) Certificate of Merit, and the University of Alberta Rutherford Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching.

Dr. Laws graduated from the University of British Columbia and obtained her medical degree from McMaster University. She completed a general surgery residency at the University of Calgary and a breast surgical oncology fellowship at Massachusetts General Hospital/Brigham and Women’s Hospital. She is currently pursuing a Master of Public Health in epidemiology from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. She is a member of the Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) and the American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBrS). Dr. Laws’ clinical and research interests include optimizing oncologic outcomes after breast cancer surgery, improving cancer care delivery through implementation of evidence-based practices, as well as managing patients at high-risk for breast cancer. We were lucky enough to get her expertise about a number of important topics, including neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer, indications for axillary node dissection in 2020, and an approach to recurrent breast cancer. Finally, we delve into her experience as a patient, and how that shaped her practice as a surgeon. Links: 1. Intraoperative Margin Assessment in Wire-Localized Breast-Conserving Surgery for Invasive Cancer: A Population-Level Comparison of Techniques. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27406094/ 2. Does intra-operative margin assessment improve margin status and re-excision rates? A population-based analysis of outcomes in breast-conserving surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30293241/ Breast Biopsy During Post-treatment Surveillance of Screen-Detected Breast Cancer Patients Yields High Rates of Benign Findings. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32100221/ 3. Margins in Breast-Conserving Surgery After Neoadjuvant Therapy. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30128902/ 4. KATHERINE trial: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1814017 5. CREATE-X trial: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1612645 6. RX-PONDER: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-49644-6 7. The surgeon who underwent surgery: How being a patient changed him. https://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2019/10/the-surgeon-who-underwent-surgery-how-being-a-patient-changed-him.html

This is the first in our new "Companion" series, meant to offer a discussion on new topics and events. We are lucky enough to be joined by Drs. Kelly Vogt and Morad Hameed, both previous guests on the show. In this episode we discuss the paper published in the CMAJ, "Relation between surgeon age and postoperative outcomes: a population-based cohort study" (https://www.cmaj.ca/content/192/15/E385). Send us your thoughts and comments by email at podcast.cjs@gmail.com or on twitter @CanJSurg! Links: 1. Dr. Kelly Vogt bio: https://www.schulich.uwo.ca/generalsurgery/people/bio/kelly_vogt.html#:~:text=Vogt%20is%20a%20recipient%20of,Acute%20Care%20Surgery%20and%20Trauma. 2. Dr. Morad Hameed bio: https://surgery.med.ubc.ca/people/s-m-hameed/ 3. Comment on “Comparison of Patient Outcomes of Surgeons Who Are US Versus International Medical Graduates”.https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Citation/9000/Comment_on__Comparison_of_Patient_Outcomes_of.94281.aspx 4. The view from 10,000 procedures: technical tips and wisdom from master pancreatic surgeons to avoid hemorrhage during pancreaticoduodenectomy. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4660662/

In this episode, we were lucky enough again to be joined by Dr. David Feliciano. Dr. Feliciano is a world-renowned trauma surgeon and a passionate surgical historian. Today he joins us to talk about surgeons who won the Nobel Prize and the complex and rich history that surrounds them. Email us at podcast.cjs@gmail.com or send us a tweet @CanJSurg with your thoughts about this and all our previous episodes. Dr. David V. Feliciano received his medical degree in 1970 from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. He completed his general surgery training at Mayo Clinic, in trauma at Wayne State University, and vascular surgery at Baylor College of Medicine (where he trained under Dr. DeBakey). He was Professor of Surgery at Emory University and Surgeon-in-Chief at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia from 1991 to 2011. He is now a Clinical Professor of Surgery at the University of Maryland and an attending surgeon at Shock Trauma. Links: 1. Nobel Prize winners who were trained as surgeons. Feliciano DV.Am Surg. 2009 Jan;75(1):15-9; quiz 97.PMID: 19213390 No abstract available. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/000313480907500103?journalCode=asua 2. Alexis Carrel (1873-1944): Nobel Laureate, 1912. Dente CJ, Feliciano DV.Arch Surg. 2005 Jun;140(6):609-10. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.140.6.609. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/fullarticle/508657 3. Joseph E. Murray (1919- ): Nobel Laureate, 1990. Cash MP, Dente CJ, Feliciano DV.Arch Surg. 2005 Mar;140(3):270-2. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.140.3.270.PMID: 15781791 No abstract available. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/fullarticle/508445 4. Michael Houghton, Winner of 2020 Nobel Prize. https://www.ualberta.ca/michael-houghton-nobel-prize-2020.html

In this episode, we explore the many challenges facing an under-discussed topic: undergraduate surgical education. We were joined by Drs. Andreana Butter and Geoffrey Blair, current and former chairs of the Canadian Undergraduate Surgical Education Committee (CUSEC). Dr. Andreana Bütter completed medical school at the University of Ottawa and residency in General Surgery at Western University. During residency, she also pursued a year of research at the Montreal Children’s Hospital in pediatric surgery; specifically in the area of fetal surgery and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. This research culminated in her obtaining a Master of Science Degree from McGill University in 2001. Upon completing her General Surgery residency, she returned to Montreal for a Pediatric Surgery fellowship at Sainte Justine Hospital (Université de Montréal), which she completed in 2005. She then joined the Division of Pediatric Surgery and the Department of Pediatrics at the Children’s Hospital (LHSC) as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Surgery. In 2012, she was promoted to Associate Professor. She assumed the role of Associate Director of Surgical Education in July 2014. She is also a review editor for Frontiers in Pediatric Surgery journal. Her clinical areas of interest include Pediatric Thoracic and General Surgery, such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia, bracing for pectus carinatum, nonoperative management of appendicitis and minimally invasive surgery. She helped develop the first Canadian Robotic Pediatric Surgery program. Her research interests are in the areas of fetal surgery with minimally invasive ways of correcting or improving outcomes for congenital anomalies such as bladder outlet obstruction and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Dr. Geoffrey Blair is a recently retired pediatric surgeon at the BC Children's Hospital in Vancouver, BC. Being a pediatric general surgeon, he took seriously the need for clinical investigation in the field of surgery. He pursued topics related to congenital anomalies, thyroid surgery, and pediatric surgical oncology. He was the UBC Pediatric Surgery Program Director for our site since 1993, and the Chief Examiner of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons since 2001. With the constant evolution of better surgical methods, he's concerned that older models of training and surgical resident assessment are not applicable to the current delivery of health care. Therefore, he continues to be enthusiastically engaged in educational research projects looking at pedagogical tools, such as "portfolio" based methods, to enhance learning and evaluation. Links: 1. CUSEC Website: https://www.cusec-ccecp.com/ 2. C-CASE is happening virtually on Oct 29 and 30th. Be sure to register! https://www.cusec-ccecp.com/about-1

Joe DuBose is a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute and the University of Virginia School of Medicine. He performed surgical training at Keesler Air Force Base Medical Center and the University of Virginia from 2001-2006. Additional fellowship training in surgical critical care and trauma surgery was completed at Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Hospital from 2006-2008. Lt Col DuBose has been a staff trauma surgeon and surgical intensivist at Wilford Hall Medical Center and as an assistant professor of surgery at R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center / University of Maryland since 2008. During that period he has deployed as a trauma director once to the Air Force Theater Hospital at Balad Air Base in Iraq (2009) and twice in support of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan (Kandahar-2010; Bagram Air Base 2011-2012). He presently holds the title of Clinical Professor at the University of Maryland Medical Center. In this episode we talk to Dr. DuBose about his training pathway, his experience in the military, and about integrating his vascular training with his trauma background, which includes his thoughts about REBOA. As always, we love feedback and comments, and feel free to email us at podcast.cjs@gmail.com or on twitter @canjsurg . Thanks and enjoy the episode! Links: 1. Evolving Paradigms In Vascular Injury Management. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfSYEM797Gg 2. Dr. Dubose’s Tiger Country podcast! https://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/tiger-country-the-trauma-podcast-joseph-4L9V2rU8x53/ 3. EMCrit 281 – Why Can’t Emergency Medicine and Trauma Surgery Just Get Along?https://emcrit.org/emcrit/emergency-medicine-and-trauma-surgery-just-get-along/ 4. EMCrit170 – the ER REBOA Catheter with Joe DuBose. https://emcrit.org/emcrit/er-reboa/ 5. The AAST prospective Aortic Occlusion for Resuscitation in Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (AORTA) registry: Data on contemporary utilization and outcomes of aortic occlusion and resuscitative balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27050883/

After graduating from the University of Alberta with a Bachelor of Science and M.D in 1990, Dr. Logsetty obtained his Diploma in Clinical Epidemiology from the University of Toronto in 1996 garnering many awards along the way. Dr Logsetty completed the Surgical-Scientist Program at University of Toronto in 1994-1996. He continued his training in fellowships in Acute Burn Care & Reconstructive Surgery at Ross Tilley Burn Centre in Wellesley Hospital in Toronto, Ontario (1996-1998) and in Critical Care of Burns at Harborview Medical Centre in Seattle, Washington (1998-1999). He was appointed to the position of Associate Director of the Firefighters Burn Treatment Unit at the University of Alberta Hospital in 1999. He was also the Director of Resident Research for the General Surgery Department at the University of Alberta Hospital from 2005 to 2007. During his time at the University of Alberta Hospital he was promoted from Assistant Professor to Associate Professor. In 2007 he was recruited by the University of Manitoba and the Health Sciences Centre to take on the position of Director of the brand new Burn Unit located at Health Sciences Centre in Winnipeg. He remains an Associate Professor of Surgery at the University of Manitoba and was appointed the Director of Research for the Section of Plastic Surgery. In this episode, we get all fired up about burn care. We talk about training pathways for burn surgeons, burn resuscitation, operative management of burns, and finally about Dr. Logsetty’s innovative research into burn wound management. Links: 1. Dr. Logsetty’s nature review on burns: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32054846/ 2. Clinical Value of Debriding Enzymes as an Adjunct to Standard Early Surgical Excision in Human Burns; A Systematic Review: https://academic.oup.com/jbcr/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/jbcr/iraa074/5840378?redirectedFrom=fulltext 3. Simple Derivation of the Initial Fluid Rate for the Resuscitation of Severely Burned Adult Combat Casualties: In Silico Validation of the Rule of 10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20622619/ 4. Mental health outcomes of burn: A longitudinal population-based study of adults hospitalized for burns. https://europepmc.org/article/med/27049068 5. Bacteria-Responsive Single and Core-Shell Nanofibrous Membranes Based on Polycaprolactone/Poly(ethylene Succinate) for On-Demand Release of Biocides. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.8b03137

Henry A. Pitt, M.D. trained in surgery at Johns Hopkins and has been at the forefront of developing Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery over the past three decades. His career has taken him to UCLA (1979), back to Johns Hopkins (1985) in Wisconsin (1997) and Indiana (2004), (2013) to Temple University Health System (TUHS) and now to Rutgers Cancer Center. He has served as president of the AOA Chapter in medical school , the Society of Clinical Surgery, the American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association and the International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association. He had funding for research in gallstone pathogenesis for 30 years. He has overseen surgical training programs at Johns Hopkins, the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) and at Indiana University (IU). His focus in recent years has been in quality, both at the hospital and the national level. His accomplishments have been honored by the Surgical Research Society of South Africa, the Surgical Research Society of Australia, the Tongi Medical College of Wuhan, China, the Second Military Medical College in Shanghai, China, and the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Scotland. We really delve deep with him on his initiatives to improve the quality of hpb surgery in the US, north America, and around the world. You can find him on twitter: https://twitter.com/HenryPittMD Links: 1. Dr. Pitt’s first paper! On gentamicin levels in the biliary tree: https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/127/3/299/2189262 2. ACS-NSQIP has the potential to create an HPB-NSQIP option. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2742610/. Variation in Drain Management After Pancreatoduodenectomy: Early Versus Delayed Removal. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29064899/ 3. IHPBA: the first 25 years. https://www.ihpba.org/includes/moxiemanager/data/files/article.pdf

Dr. Mark Campbell is a board certified general surgeon, a member of the Texas Surgical Society, and a Fellow of the American College of Surgery. He received a B.S. in Pre-Medical Biology at The University of Texas at Arlington in 1976 and received his M.D. from the University of Texas Medical School at Houston in 1979. He finished his surgical residency at St. Joseph’s Hospital in Houston in 1984. He has been practicing general surgery for 23 years and is currently in private practice in Paris, Texas. He has been a member of the Space Medicine Branch and The Aerospace Medical Association since 1989. He has authored or co-authored 25 published papers concerning surgical care during space flight and surgical techniques in weightlessness. Ten of these articles were published in Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine. He also was the author for the surgical section of “Medical Guidelines for Air Travel” published by the Aerospace Medical Association. Dr. Campbell has been a private pilot since 1984 (single and multi-engine ratings) and received his Air Force Flight Surgery wings in 1994. He began performing parabolic flight research with NASA Medical Operations at the Johnson Space Center in 1991 and was a NASA Flight Surgeon at the Johnson Space Center from 1994 to 1996 where he was deployed to Star City, Russia to support the Shuttle-Mir program. In this episode we talk to him about prophylactic surgery for astronauts, developing remote surgical capacity, and telementored ultrasound. Links: 1. Nonoperative treatment of suspected appendicitis in remote medical care environments: implications for future spaceflight medical care. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15110816/. 2. A review of surgical care in space. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12081072/ 3. Prophylactic surgery prior to extended-duration space flight: is the benefit worth the risk? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22564516/

Dr. Melinda Davis (https://twitter.com/melindadavisyyc) is an anesthesiologist at the Foothills Medical Centre. She has a fellowship in neuroanesthesiology and clinical interest in perioperative medicine. While she spends half her professional life putting people to sleep, Dr. Davis spends the other half attempting to inspire and energize them. She teaches at all levels of medical education from students in undergraduate medical education through to faculty development. She believes in finding the forest before the trees, and helping learners create strong cognitive scaffolds. She has been the recipient of numerous awards for education including the Jones Award for Teaching Excellence in Undergraduate Medical Education. Dr. Davis holds a number of leadership positions in medical education. She is the Director of the Anesthesiology Clerkship, Associate Program Director of the Anesthesiology Residency Program, and the Director of the Master Teacher Program in Undergraduate Medical Education. Dr. Davis has a research interest in medical student career choice, shaped by the observation that medical students in Canada are making important, complex career decisions under considerable time pressure. She is the lead of the Career Exploration Program which aims to help students make informed, confident career choices in medicine. An ectopic Australian, Dr. Davis has replaced oceans and beaches with time in the mountains at any opportunity. She can be found there with her daughter, in a tent, on foot, on skis, or on a horse, but never with a bad cup of coffee. In this episode with Dr. Davis, we put the surgery-anesthesia relationship on the table, dissect it out and try to think about ways we can make that relationship better. We also talk about career counseling for medical students and Dr. Davis’s role as the new program director for the Calgary anesthesia program. Links: 1. Career Counseling at UCalgary: https://cumming.ucalgary.ca/mdprogram/current-students/student-advising-wellness 2. Stats on CaRMS matching: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32802225/ 3. CFMS handbook on differential match rates in CaRMS: https://www.cfms.org/files/matchbook/MatchStats.pdf 4. Royal College CanMEDS framework: http://www.royalcollege.ca/rcsite/canmeds/canmeds-framework-e 5. Association of Coworker Reports About Unprofessional Behavior by Surgeons With Surgical Complications in Their Patients. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/fullarticle/2736337

In this episode, we do a practice mock oral examination. We hope that this can help candidates to get a sense of the Royal College oral examinations. Although there are no oral exams this year, we hope to help next year's examinees get in the mindset for studying and practicing for the oral exam. Thanks again to our examiners Dr. Caitlin Cahill and Dr. Greg Knapp! Dr. Cahill's slides: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hSiLxlEEvqwC23Qbe4-8kU2ESoEabQN7/view?usp=sharing Dr. Knapp's slides: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XkjC1nlT-XvUqHjfQx_yxfLY1H6AuxGg/view?usp=sharing Dr. Caitlin Cahill is a colorectal fellow at the University of Calgary. She did general surgery residency at the University of Ottawa. She has been instrumental in helping the Calgary chief residents prepare for their exams. Dr. Greg Knapp is a repeat guest on Cold Steel! He did residency at Dalhousie University, a year of community practice, a year as a Global Surgical Oncology Fellow at Memorial Sloan Kettering and is pursuing his surgical oncology fellowship at the University of Calgary.

Dr. Janice L Pasieka graduated from the University of Western Medical School and did her General Surgery Training at the University of Calgary. She then did two and a half years of Endocrine Surgical Training. The first year was spent in Dr David Hanley’s lab at the University of Calgary, then a year at the University of Michigan, under the mentorship of Dr. Norman Thompson followed by time at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. She then returned to Calgary and has devoted her clinical practice solely to endocrine surgical diseases. At the Tom Baker Clinic Center, Dr Pasieka was the driving force behind the development of a multidisciplinary clinic for Neuroendocrine Tumors as well as the Multidisciplinary Hereditary Endocrine Clinic. She is responsible for the development of the only Canadian AAES accredited fellowship program in Endocrine Surgery. Dr Pasieka has been Secretary-Treasurer of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons (AAES) and in 2010 she became the first Canadian and second woman to become President. She has served on the Council of the International Association of Endocrine Surgeons (IAES), and in 2016 became the Secretary-Treasurer - a position she holds at the present time. Dr Pasieka was the Canadian James IV Traveling Surgical Fellow 2006 and recently was appointed to the James VI Board of Directors. In 2007, the Women’s Executive Network named her as one of Canada’s 100 Most Powerful Women. Dr Pasieka recently completed her six year term as a Governor of the American College of Surgeons. Her areas of interests (besides running, mountain biking, cycling and hiking & snowshoeing with her dog Kocher) evolve around neuroendocrine tumors, adrenal disease, thyroid cancer and the study of surgical outcomes in patients with hyperparathyroidism. To date she has over 140 peer-review publications, has edited 3 Endocrine Surgical textbooks and written over 24 book chapters. In this episode, we get Dr. Pasieka’s thoughts on conferences, gender equity and Dr. Pasieka’s approach to surgical education and training. Links: 1. American Association of Endocrine Surgeons (AAES): https://www.endocrinesurgery.org/ 2. Chernobyl on Netflix: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7366338/ 3. Norm Thompson: https://americansurgical.org/transactions/Fellows/Memoirs/NormanWThompson.cgi 4. Kindred spirits of the endocrines: The training of the future endocrine surgeons. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jso.20176

Born and raised in Newfoundland and Labrador, Dr. Furey (https://twitter.com/FureyAndrew) is a passionate orthopaedic trauma surgeon and educator with Memorial University’s School of Medicine. He also holds a Diploma in Organizational Leadership from Oxford University. His strong work ethic has earned him many local, provincial, and national awards and honours. He was named Humanitarian of the Year by the Canadian Red Cross and earned the Governor General of Canada’s Meritorious Service Cross. In 2010, he helped create Team Broken Earth to provide medical relief after the devastating earthquake in Haiti. This Newfoundland and Labrador-born charity has since expanded in size and scope. Today, over 1,500 volunteers from across Canada, the US, and UK have participated in medical missions to Haiti as well as Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. Dr. Furey is also the new premier-elect of the province of Newfoundland after winning the Liberal Party nomination on August 4, 2020. In this episode, we hear about how Dr. Furey started Team Broken Earth, a humanitarian organization, his work in Haiti and his thoughts on leadership and physician advocacy. Links: 1. https://andrewfurey.ca/ 2. Morbidity and mortality following pelvic ramus fractures in an older Atlantic Canadian cohort. http://canjsurg.ca/62-4-270/ 3. The Orthopedic Trauma Symposium: improving care of orthopedic injuries in Haiti. http://canjsurg.ca/60-4-228/ 4. Team Broken Earth: https://brokenearth.ca/ 5. Courses from the Canadian Medical Association: https://www.cma.ca/advocacy-skills-coaching

Dr. Todd McMullen is a scientist and endocrine surgeon at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta. In this episode we talk to Dr. McMullen about a topic that is sometimes a pain in the neck for trainees: thyroid nodules. Dr. McMullen gives us his approach to nodules, how he works them up, a brief overview of how he does his thyroidectomies, and post op calcium management. We hope you enjoy! Dr. Todd McMullen is a fellowship trained endocrine surgeon with specialized training in thyroid ultrasound techniques.He received his PhD in Biochemistry from the University of Alberta, then completed a Medical Research Council of Canada Post-Doctoral Fellowship in the Department of Physiology at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. Having received his PhD and additional training in Physiology, Dr. McMullen went on to complete medical school at the University of Toronto and a residency in General Surgery at the University of Alberta. He further specialized in Endocrine Surgery at the Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney, Australia, where he finished a TS Reeve Fellowship in Endocrine Surgery. Since that time, Dr. McMullen has been an active member of the University of Alberta staff as part of the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, where he now holds positions in Surgery and Oncology (Division of General Surgery), an Adjunct appointment in the Division of Endocrinology (Department of Medicine) and also serves as the Director of the Division of Surgical Oncology (Department of Oncology) based at the Cross Cancer Institute. In this episode we get Dr. McMullen's approach to thyroid nodules, thyroidectomies and post-op management. Links: 1. TIRADS score: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/acr-thyroid-imaging-reporting-and-data-system-acr-ti-rads 2. South Korea's Thyroid-Cancer "Epidemic"--Turning the Tide. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26650173/ 3. The 2017 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29091573/ 4. Minimally invasive thyroid surgery for single nodules: an evidence-based review of the lateral mini-incision technique.

Dr. Christian Finley trained in General Surgery in at UBC in Vancouver, BC and thereafter completed his training in Thoracic Surgery in Toronto at UofT. After completing advanced training in Leuven, Belgium and England, he started working at St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton in 2010. He completed his Masters of Public Health at Harvard University. Since joining the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Dr Finley has been awarded over $600 000 in research funding for his active research program in thoracic surgery quality improvement and has put considerable effort towards developing the collaborative clinical research program with his Thoracic Surgery colleagues. He is the proud father of three crazy girls. In this episode, we talk with Dr. Finely about his work with the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer (CPAC) in demonstrating disparities in surgical cancer care across Canada. 1. The spatial epidemiology of trauma: the potential of geographic information science to organize data and reveal patterns of injury and services. http://canjsurg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/51-5-389.pdf 2. Julia Abelson. https://www.mcmasterforum.org/lets-collaborate/people/bio/julia-abelson 3. Understanding Failure to Rescue and Improving Safety Culture. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4385410/ 4. Pan-Canadian standards for cancer surgery. Canadian Journal of Surgery. https://canjsurg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/62-4-S170.pdf 5. Surgical Skill and Complication Rates after Bariatric Surgery. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1300625 6. "Personal Best" by Atul Gawande in the New Yorker about coaching in the operating room. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/10/03/personal-best

Dr. Prism Schneider is an orthopedic trauma surgeon and Assistant Professor at the University Calgary. Dr. Schneider is well known for her research on many topics, particularly on the use of thromboelastography in post operative and hospitalized patients. In this episode, we delve into Dr. Schneider’s research on intimate partner violence, and how surgeons might do a better job of recognizing it. Links: 1. Health care practitioners’ responsibility to address intimate partner violence related to the COVID-19 pandemic. https://www.cmaj.ca/content/192/22/E609 2. Intimate Partner Violence and Orthopaedics: AOA Critical Issues. https://europepmc.org/article/med/31274727 3. Mohit Bhandari interview on Cold Steel: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e20-mohit-bhandari-on-surgical-trials-productivity-and-presentations 4. Novel educational program improves readiness to manage intimate partner violence within the fracture clinic: a pretest–posttest study. http://cmajopen.ca/content/6/4/E628.full

Dr. Charles Vollmer is the Director of Pancreatic Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania where he holds the rank of Professor of Surgery. Dr. Vollmer began his career at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston where he served as an Assistant Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School before moving to Penn in 2011. He specializes in Pancreaticobiliary and other complex gastrointestinal surgery with a clinical research focus in outcomes assessment of high-acuity surgery. He has authored over 100 manuscripts and numerous book chapters. He is active in multiple national and international surgical societies where he has served in various leadership positions, including being a past President of the AHPBA. He is the current Scientific Program Chair for the IHPBA, and sits on their Executive Committee and Council. He is currently a reviewer for over 20 medical specialty journals and is on the Editorial Boards of Annals of Surgery, Surgery, HPB, JOGS, and the Journal of Surgical Oncology. In this episode, we delve into why Dr. Vollmer is so passionate about the pancreas and why he has done over a thousand peer reviews for surgical journals. 1. https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e07-paul-greig-on-transplantation-surgical-education-and-retiring-from-surgery 2. Clinical and Economic Validation of the International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF) Classification Scheme. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1877022/ 3. The Pancreas Club: https://www.pancreasclub.com/ 4. Pancreatic Head Resection Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Operative Considerations and Outcomes. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31485901/

Dr. Omar Farooq is a general surgeon at Fort Saskatchewan Hospital in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta. He did his MBBS in Punjab Medical College in Faisalabad, Pakistan. He then went on to do his internship at Case Western in Cleveland, general surgery resident at the University of Saskatchewan, and MIS fellowship at McMaster. In this episode, we hear his experiences as an International Medical Graduate (IMG). Dr. Farooq shares his advice for IMG's on navigating the system, as well as how we could potentially make the system better. Links: 1. Growth Mindset: https://hbr.org/2016/01/what-having-a-growth-mindset-actually-means 2. https://www.amazon.ca/Mans-Search-Meaning-Viktor-Frankl/dp/080701429X

Grace Rozycki is a professor of surgery. Primarily practicing at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Dr. Rozycki specializes in trauma surgery and surgical critical care. Her research focuses on quality as it relates to emergent general surgery and injury. She received her medical degree from Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University. In this episode we talk to her about her pioneering work in trauma ultrasound. We also get her thoughts about gender equity and mentorship in surgery. 1. Interview with Dr. David Livingstone for AAST: http://www.aast.org/Assets/99682126-7e34-438f-810b-d8c8534754ca/636987448036600000/rozycki-grace-pdf 2. WTA 2009 Presidential Address: http://westerntrauma.org/documents/PastPresidents/2009Rozycki.pdf 3. AAST 2016 Presidential Address: https://scholarworks.iupui.edu/bitstream/handle/1805/13289/Rozycki_2016_legacy.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 4. EAST 2014 Oriens Lecture: https://journals.lww.com/jtrauma/Fulltext/2014/07000/The_strength_that_it_takes__Ten_lessons_learned.2.aspx

Dr. Alex Poole is a general surgeon in Whitehorse, Yukon, although his practice is not a typical general surgery practice. In this episode we talk about what it's like to be a remote surgeon, his advice for those interested in a career in remote and rural surgery, and his work on frostbite injuries. Links: 1. Treatment of severe frostbite with iloprost in northern Canada. CMAJ paper: https://www.cmaj.ca/content/188/17-18/1255/tab-article-info 2. Equestrian Injuries: Incidence, Injury Patterns, and Risk Factors for 10 Years of Major Traumatic Injuries. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17434372/ 3. GSA Provincial Surgeons of Australia: https://psa.generalsurgeons.com.au/

Dr. Sean Gregg is a general surgeon in Red Deer, Alberta. He has a special focus on hepatobiliary surgery but practices a full range of general surgical operations. Dr. Gregg completed medical school, residency and HPB training at the University of Calgary. In this episode we hear Dr. Gregg's fascinating life story, and how his experiences with a Thai street artist shaped his approach to surgical training. We also get his thoughts on how entrepreneurship and advocacy can unlock creativity in a surgical career. Links: 1. Cold Steel episode with Dr. David Urbach on new models to improve surgical efficiency: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e17-david-urbach-on-checklists-wait-times-in-the-time-of-covid-and-medical-devices 2. Globe & Mail op-ed on single-entry models: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-a-simple-scheduling-fix-could-help-clear-the-surgery-backlog/ 3. Scott Gmora on out-of-the-box thinking: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e05-scott-gmora-on-surgical-training 4. CBC news article on surgeons speaking out against AHS recommendations: 4. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/alberta-doctors-ahs-review-surgeries-1.5456152

This was a special episode of Cold Steel. In light of the murder of George Floyd and the subsequent protests, there has been a renewed international desire to confront the racial inequities that plague our society today. This applies to healthcare and in particular to surgery. To talk about this we have three phenomenal guests. Dr. Julius Ebinu is a neurosurgeon in Sacramento at UC Davis. Bio: https://health.ucdavis.edu/team/search/32267/julius-ebinu---neurological-surgery---minimally-invasive-surgery---spine-surgery---neuro-oncology-sacramento Dr. Shahzeer Karmali is a previous guest on the show and is a minimally invasive and bariatric surgeon at the University of Alberta. Bio: https://www.longdom.org/editor/shahzeer-karmali-13704 Dr. Morad Hameed is a recurrent guest on our show! He is a trauma and critical surgeon at Vancouver General Hospital and section head at UBC. Bio: https://surgery.med.ubc.ca/people/s-m-hameed/ Links: 1. .Moneeza Walji - Diversity in medical education: data drought and socioeconomic barriers. Editorial in CMAJ. https://www.cmaj.ca/content/187/1/11 2.#blackintheivory : https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01741-7 3. Langenfeld paper on social media and professionalism "An Assessment of Unprofessional Behavior Among Surgical Residents on Facebook: A Warning of the Dangers of Social Media": https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931720414001597 4.Daniel Coyle - The Culture Code: http://danielcoyle.com/the-culture-code/ 5. Scott Page: https://www.amazon.ca/Difference-Diversity-Creates-Schools-Societies/dp/0691138540/ref=pd_lpo_14_t_0/144-1177497-3882233?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_i=0691138540&pd_rd_r=a51d0320-1d9c-414a-9693-8da0daa33eee&pd_rd_w=LxHKq&pd_rd_wg=Rp9r9&pf_rd_p=256a14b6-93bc-4bcd-9f68-aea60d2878b9&pf_rd_r=AP8HAG2NYQ2REKA89MSJ&psc=1&refRID=AP8HAG2NYQ2REKA89MSJ 6. CJS edtorial. Gender (and other) equity, diversity and inclusion in surgery: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7006353/pdf/0620292.pdf 7. Annals of Surgery commitment to rapid peer review for articles on equity and social justice: https://twitter.com/AnnalsofSurgery/status/1271532880716427265 8. All-Blacks rugby team "Legacy": https://www.amazon.ca/Legacy-James-Kerr/dp/849450648X/ref=sr_1_2?dchild=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwltH3BRB6EiwAhj0IUN4vp5-TumaPXOrj6O3Jkq0vT6pIaQDwYGRyR6gi251DieBvmmIUdBoCLPMQAvD_BwE&hvadid=208296459563&hvdev=c&hvlocphy=9001332&hvnetw=g&hvqmt=e&hvrand=15113677967642998583&hvtargid=kwd-300495912229&hydadcr=22431_9261611&keywords=legacy+all+blacks&qid=1593068639&s=books&sr=1-2&tag=googcana-20 9. "A physician and father asks if things will be different for his boys" CBC article. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/racism-black-doctor-growing-up-name-calling-medical-school-impact-career-1.5603251 10. United World Colleges Swaziland: https://www.uwc.org/news/?pid=159&nid=8&storyid=19

It’s not an understatement to say that Dr. David Feliciano is a true giant in trauma surgery. Dr. David V. Feliciano received his medical degree in 1970 from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. He completed his general surgery training at Mayo Clinic, in trauma at Wayne State University, and vascular surgery at Baylor College of Medicine (where he trained under Dr. DeBakey). He was Professor of Surgery at Emory University and Surgeon-in-Chief at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia from 1991 to 2011. He is now a Clinical Professor of Surgery at the University of Maryland and an attending surgeon at Shock Trauma. We discuss with him how he recruited such amazing faculty, developing one’s technical skills, research, and the future of trauma. 1.Trauma textbook: https://www.amazon.ca/Trauma-Eighth-Ernest-Moore/dp/1259860671 2.“Everything You Ever Wanted to Know about Trauma” public lecture: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99yddsDe6oU 3.“Leftovers” by Dr. Feliciano has one of the best lines in a paper ever: At this point, the chief surgical resident on the trauma service met with the attending surgeon for violating his own well-known rule—“wounds that don’t heal contain dead tissue, infected tissue, cancer, or a foreign body.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6263419/ 4.Pitfalls in the management of peripheral vascular injuries. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877918/

Tim Pawlik (@https://twitter.com/timpawlik) is an academic surgeon focused on hepatobiliary diseases. He serves as the surgeon-in-chief of The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Chair of the Department of Surgery in the College of Medicine. He has an MPH, PhD, and a Masters of Theology from Harvard Divinity School. We talk to him about his unique training pathway, academic productivity and surgical“regret”. Finally, he gives us his thoughts on passion and leadership, specially duringCOVID19. Links: 1. The Last Dance documentary: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8420184/ 2. When a Patient Regrets Having Undergone a Carefully and Jointly Considered Treatment Plan, How Should Her Physician Respond?: https://journalofethics.ama- assn.org/article/when-patient-regrets-having-undergone-carefully-and-jointly- considered-treatment-plan-how-should-her/2020-05 3. Regret in Surgical Decision Making: A Systematic Review of Patient and Physician Perspectives. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28243695/ 4. A Singular Hope: How the Discussion Around Cancer Surgery Sometimes Fails. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27638674/?from_term=pawlik%2C+tim+AND+decis ion&from_pos=5 5. Comparing Surgeon Approaches to Patient-Centered Cancer Care Using Vignette Methodology. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11605-020-04661-z . 6. ASO Author Reflections: The Influence of Surgeon Characteristics on Patient- Centered Approaches to Treatment Decision-Making. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1245/s10434-020-08490-x . 7. https://www.ahpba.org/ 8. Tim Pawlik’s peloton challenge https://twitter.com/kelly_haisley/status/1248232421260173312

The transition from surgical residency to fellowship is a landmark step. Two fantastic surgery fellows offer us their advice on everything fellowship! Salila Hashmi and Greg Knapp are fellows in Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and surgical oncology respectively. We talk about applying to a fellowship, obtaining personal letters, the importance of resident electivesfor setting up fellowship opportunities, and how to get the most out of your time as a fellow. Good luck to all fellows starting this July 1!! Links: 1. Qualities and characteristics of successfully matched North American HPB surgery fellowship candidates: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4857058/ 2.A Survey of the Complex General Surgical Oncology Fellowship Programs Regarding Applicant Selection and Rank: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6684844/ 3. MSK Global Oncology Program: https://www.mskcc.org/hcp-education-training/fellowships/international-surgical-oncology-global-cancer-disparities-fellowship 4. The surgeon and social media: Twitter as a tool for practicing surgeons: https://bulletin.facs.org/2016/06/the-surgeon-and-social-media-twitter-as-a-tool-for-practicing-surgeons/ 5. NRMP (US Fellowship match): http://www.nrmp.org/match-calendars/

Dr. Reznick currently serves as dean in the Faculty of Health Sciences at Queen’s University and as chief executive officer of the Southeastern Ontario Academic Medical Organization (SEAMO). His passion for medical education contributed to the founding of the Wilson Centre, a renowned health profession education research institute based in Toronto. In addition to ushering in competency-based medical education at Queen’s University, Dr. Reznick pioneered the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) that is used each year to assess thousands of medical licensure applicants in Canada. Dr. Reznick’s seminal work as an educator and researcher has been recognized by organizations such as the Medical Council of Canada, Royal College of Surgeons of England and Karolinska Institutet. In this episode we take a deep dive into competency-based medical education. Links: 1. Eight-year outcomes of a competency-based residency training program in orthopedic surgery: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0142159X.2017.1421751 2.Setting Up a Surgical Skills Center: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00268-007-9326-6 3. Assessing Competency in Surgery: Where to Begin?: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0039606003001545 4.

Dr. David Notrica (@surgery4kids on Twitter: https://twitter.com/surgery4kids) is a native of Atlanta, Georgia. He graduated Cum Laude from Duke University in 1988 and Emory University School of Medicine in 1992 where he was class president and a member of the Alpha Omega Alpha National Medical Honor Society. He completed his General Surgery residency training at Emory University in 1997 and his Pediatric Surgery Fellowship training at Texas Children's Hospital in Houston in 1999. He is an Associate Professor of Surgery at Mayo Clinic Medical School, Associate Professor at the University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, and Associate Program Director for the Pediatric Surgery Fellowship at Phoenix Children's Hospital. He was one of the founding members of the ATOMAC pediatric research network. He Co-founded and co-chairs the Western Pediatric Trauma Conference, the Southwest Trauma and Acute Care Symposium, and Trauma Conference International. Dr. Notrica developed and continues to direct the Level 1 Trauma Center for Phoenix Children's Hospital. We discuss all things pediatric surgery with Dr. Notrica, both on a clinical level but also on a systems-level. Links: 1. ATOMAC guidelines: https://surgery4children.com/diagnoses-and-treatment/trauma/atomac-guideline/ 2. Non-op management of blunt abdominal trauma in children: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26402546/?from_term=notrica%2C+david&from_pos=2 3. Shock Index: https://journals.lww.com/jtrauma/Citation/2012/09000/Shock_Index___A_simple_clinical_parameter_for.45.aspx 4.

Dr. Rebecca Auer (@auer_r on twitter: https://twitter.com/auer_r?lang=en) is a Surgical Oncologist and translational researcher studying the impact of surgery on the immune system and subsequent cancer recurrence. In her laboratory the focus is to develop innovative cancer therapeutics that can be administered during the perioperative period and to translate these therapies to the clinic. With three active clinical studies of perioperative cancer therapies, Dr. Auer aims to improve cancer outcomes for all patients who undergo invasive cancer surgeries. Dr. Auer talks about her training pathway, being a surgeon-scientist, developing a COVID19 vaccine, her work on vaccines and cancer, and her tips for "work-life harmony". Links: 1. Rebecca Auer bio: http://www.ohri.ca/profile/rauer 2. Dr. Auer lab page: https://www.auerlab.com/ 3. Are morbidity and mortality conferences becoming a lost art?: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6440886/ 4. Morbidity and mortality conferences in general surgery: a narrative systematic review: http://canjsurg.ca/63-3-e211/ 5. Perioperative Influenza Vaccination Reduces Postoperative Metastatic Disease by Reversing Surgery-Induced Dysfunction in Natural Killer Cells: https://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/19/18/5104.long 6. Killers 2.0: NK cell therapies at the forefront of cancer control: https://www.jci.org/articles/view/129338

Dr. Keith D. Lillemoe received his undergraduate education at the University of South Dakota and his MD from The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1978. He served his surgical training at Hopkins and joined the faculty there in 1985, rising to the rank of Professor of Surgery in 1996. He served as Associate Program Director for the Hopkins Surgical Residency from 1993 to 2003 and Vice-Chairman of the department from 1997 to 2003. He was recognized with the Hopkins Department of Surgery Faculty Teaching Award on five occasions. In 2003, he was appointed the Jay L. Grosfeld Professor and Chairman of the Department of Surgery at the Indiana University School of Medicine. In May 2011, Dr. Lillemoe was appointed to the position of Surgeon-in-Chief and Chief of the Department of Surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the W. Gerald Austen Professor of Surgery at the Harvard Medical School. Dr. Lillemoe’s clinical research interests are in pancreatic cancer, IPMNs and other benign pancreatic disorders and biliary tract injuries. His bibliography lists over 500 journal articles and 140 book chapters. He has served as a visiting professor over 120 times and has spoken nationally and internationally on over 500 occasions. He is the former Editor of one of the leading surgical texts Surgery: Scientific Principles and Practice and is Editor-in-Chief of Annals of Surgery. We spoke to him about his training, equity & diversity in surgery, bile duct injuries, and being the Editor-in-Chief at one of the biggest journals in the world. Links: 1. American Surgical Association meeting address: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDiYB1sIqpg 2. Bile duct injuries on Behind the Knife podcast: https://behindtheknife.org/?p=2398 3. Safe cholecystectomy consensus conference: https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Abstract/9000/Safe_Cholecystectomy_Multi_society_Practice.94547.aspx 4. Visual Abstracts: https://www.surgeryredesign.com/resources

Dr. Mohit Bhandari is a orthopaedic surgeon and trialist at McMaster University. To say he is productive is an understatement; he is in the top 10 most cited orthopedic surgeons in the world. He is the recipient of numerous accolades, including the Order of Canada. In our conversation, we discuss everything from his career track to productivity to social media to the characteristics of "hyper-performers". Links: 1. Dr. Bhandari's instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mobhandari/?hl=en 2. Bio page: https://surgery.mcmaster.ca/bio/mohit-bhandari 3. Characteristics of highly successful orthopedic surgeons in CJS: http://canjsurg.ca/wp-content/uploads/56-3-192.pdf 4. "Confounding: What is it and how do we deal with it?" paper in CJS: http://canjsurg.ca/wp-content/uploads/55-2-132.pdf 5. "Think Bigger" Lecture: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9kXbKp5e-28

Dr. Jane Lemaire in an internist at the University of Calgary and is national expert on the topic of physician wellness. In our conversation we talked about physician burnout, resiliency, and some strategies to help us cope during these incredibly challenging times. 1. Dr. Lemaire's interview with Canadian Society of Internal Medicine: https://cjgim.ca/index.php/csim/article/view/388/1004 2. Well Doc Alberta: https://www.welldocalberta.org/ 3. Physician and Family Support Program: https://www.albertadoctors.org/services/pfsp 4. Wallace J, Lemaire J, Ghali W. "Physician wellness: a missing quality indicator". Lancet review paper: http://medicine.uams.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2012/10/Physician-Wellness-A-Missing-Quality-Indicator.pdf 5. Dr. Lemaire's nutrition paper, "Physician nutrition and cognition during work hours: effect of a nutrition based intervention" : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2929232/ 6. Paper in CJS "Mental toughness in surgeons: Is there room for improvement?": http://canjsurg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/62-6-482.pdf 7. Paper in CJS "Surgeons and Astronauts: so close, yet so far apart": https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2552938/pdf/20080800s00003p247.pdf 8. Cold Steel episode with Scott Gmora on surgical training: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e05-scott-gmora-on-surgical-training

Dr. Matt Kaminsky is a trauma and critical care surgeon at Cook County Hospital in Chicago. He talks about what it is like to be at a high volume trauma centre like Cook County, and shares with us his pathway to getting there. Links: -Next generation simulation: https://youtu.be/9ZM63l2fiEc

David Urbach is a bariatric surgeon and health services research at Women's College Hospital in Toronto, Ontario. We had a wide ranging discussion with him where we talked checklist, the impact of the word "cancer" on patient decision-making, wait-times in Canada in the face of COVID, and medical devices in surgery. 1. David Urbach and colleagues on "Introduction of Surgical Safety Checklists in Ontario, Canada": https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1308261 2. Is WHO’s surgical safety checklist being hyped? Commentary from David Urbach and Justin Dimick in BJS. https://www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l4700 3. Impact of the word "cancer" in thyroid nodules paper: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/article-abstract/2728810 4. wait times in Canada. Dr. Urbach's Op-ed in "The Province": https://theprovince.com/opinion/op-ed/dr-david-urbach-how-to-shorten-hospital-wait-times-in-canada 5. Centralized intake system in Edmonton. Facilitated Access to Surgical Treatment (FAST) program in Edmonton: https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/findhealth/Service.aspx?id=1080550&serviceAtFacilityID=1125938 6. David Urbach Canadian Journal of Surgery editorial, "Heroes, citizens, and the shoulders of giants": http://canjsurg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/63-2-E118.pdf

Dr. Mary Brindle is a pediatric surgeon at the Alberta Children's Hospital in Calgary, Alberta. We had a unique discussion about the relationship between art and surgery, and how those two disciplines interact with each other. We also heard from Dr. Brindle about her work on updating the safe surgery checklist and her work on ERAS in pediatrics. Links: 1. ROSCOE magazine. "Art and Surgery: A conversation between Mary Brindle and Andrew Seal: https://cags-accg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Roscoe_II_2018_FINAL_pages.pdf 2. Dave Chang interview w/ Jerry Saltz on podcast "The Dave Chang Show": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXIZY8iATv4 3. Revision of the WHO Safe Surgical Checklist: http://www.cspsteam.org/revision-of-the-who-surgical-safety-checklist 4. "Managing COVID19 in Surgical Systems" Annals of Surgery paper: https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Citation/publishahead/Managing_COVID_19_in_Surgical_Systems.94654.aspx 5. Mary Brindle & colleagues. "Embracing Change: the era for pediatric ERAS is here": https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00383-019-04476-3.pdf 6. Ariadne Labs: https://www.ariadnelabs.org/about-us/people/affiliate-members/mary-brindle/ 7. The Ambassadors: https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/hans-holbein-the-younger-the-ambassadors 8. J-M Basquiat: https://www.wikiart.org/en/jean-michel-basquiat 9. Mastery in surgery: https://www.journalacs.org/article/S1072-7515(16)31635-0/fulltext 10. Dr. Brindle's colleague David Haughton's website: https://www.haughton-art.ca/ 11. Dr. Andrew Seal's website: https://thechangingpalette.com/author/seal45/

In this episode, we had the opportunity to talk to Dr. Shahzeer Karmali. Dr. Karmali is a minimally invasive and bariatric surgeon in Edmonton, Alberta. He gave us a masterclass on the common types of bariatric operations, post-op care, and gives an overview of bariatric complications. He also discusses his fascinating research of the impact of bariatric surgery on intra-cranial hypertension. Finally, he talks about how to navigate a relationship with industry. Links: 1. Complications associated with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity: a surgeon's guide. This is one of the top 10 highest viewed papers published in the Canadian Journal of Surgery. http://canjsurg.ca/vol56-issue5/56-5-347/ 2. Complications associated with adjustable gastric banding for morbid obesity: a surgeon’s guide: http://canjsurg.ca/vol54-issue1/54-1-61/ 3. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension and bariatric surgery: a systematic review: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32195557

In this episode, we are joined by repeat guests Dr. Morad Hameed (@moradhameed) and Dr. Neil Parry to talk about how surgeons across the country have adapted to COVID. We also talk about the impact COVID has had on final year residents across the country. Finally, we discuss the basics of COVID management. Dr. Morad Hameed is a trauma surgeon and intensivist at the Vancouver General Hospital (VGH) and an Assistant Professor of Surgery at the University of British Columbia (UBC). He is the Head of the UBC and VGH Division of General Surgery and is a Service Chief for Acute Care Surgery at VGH. Dr. Neil Parry joined the staff at London Health Sciences Centre and the Department of Surgery at Western in July 2003 as an Assistant Professor. He was promoted to Associate Professor in July 2010. He has served as the Medical Director of Critical Care, Victoria Hospital, LHSC and is currently the Director of Trauma for London Health Sciences Centre. He has held several leadership roles with the Trauma Association of Canada and is the Provincial Chair of the Committee on Trauma for the American College of Surgeons. Links: 1. SCCM Guide to COVID management for non-intensivists: https://sccm.org/covid19 2. UBC Reticulum. This online platform developed by BC surgeons has been utilized extensively by surgeons across the country to communicate about COVID. https://www.ubcreticulum.com/ 3. CBC News article on cancelled Royal College exams: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/resident-doctors-certification-covid-1.5510028 4. The Behind the Knife podcast (https://behindtheknife.libsyn.com/) has had some excellent episodes recently on ventilator & COVID management. 5. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Guidelines on the Management of Critically Ill Adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (published March 2020) is available https://bit.ly/3dB9H2Z 6. Traumacast also has an excellent episode on the management of COVID. https://open.spotify.com/show/1CnoyxwOXlARa9Kd69zsA) 7. Re-listen to our episode with Dr. Kirkpatrick on telementoring: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e06-andy-kirkpatrick

Dr. Emilie Joos (@EmilieJoos) is a trauma surgeon at the Vancouver General Hospital. She is also a Canadian leader in global surgery. We talked about the global response to the Haiti earthquake, challenges in global surgery, and advice to trainees interested in global surgery. Links: 1. Surgical Response to Humanitarian Crisis in ROSCOE magazine: https://cags-accg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Roscoe_II_2018_FINAL_pages.pdf 2. Dr. Joos's global surgery projects: https://internationalsurgery.med.ubc.ca/global-initiatives/projects/international-projects/ 3. McGill Global Surgery webpage: https://www.mcgill.ca/generalsurgery/resident-information/global-surgery 4. Program for Global Surgery & Social Change (PGSSC):https://www.pgssc.org/ 5. Lucille Tisdale: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lucille-teasdale 6. Sternotomy or drainage for a hemopericardium after penetrating trauma: a randomized controlled trial. South African trial: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23604058

Dr. Philip Dawe is a trauma surgeon at the Vancouver General Hospital. He has a truly unique perspective having been both a military and civilian trauma surgeon. We talked to him about leadership, what we can learn from the military, and his path to becoming a trauma surgeon. Links: -A descriptive study of US Special Operations Command fatalities, 2001 to 2018: https://journals.lww.com/jtrauma/Abstract/2019/09000/A_descriptive_study_of_US_Special_Operations.24.aspx -"Are morbidity and mortality conferences becoming a lost art?" http://canjsurg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/62-2-76.pdf

Neil Parry breaks down trauma resuscitation, whole blood in Canada, REBOA, and pelvic packing. We even delve into duodenal and pancreatic trauma! Neil Parry is a practicing trauma surgeon in London Health Sciences Centre in London, Ontario. Link: -Five Things They Don't Teach in You Medical School: https://canjsurg.ca/vol59-issue5/59-5-296/ -Trauma surgery associations and societies: which organizations match your goals?: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4065540/

In this episode, we talked about a really important topic to trainees: exams! Dr. Tony MacLean is a colorectal surgeon at the Foothills Hospital in Calgary. He is also the new head of the Royal College General Surgery exam committee. He talked to us about how to prepare for oral examinations, become a competitive applicant for fellowship programs, and get the most out of residency.

In this episode we were lucky to have Dr. Frances Wright! Dr. Wright (@franceswright15) is a surgical oncologist at Sunnybrook Hospital in Toronto. She dissected out the topic of nodal management of melanoma for us. She also talked about her groundbreaking work in IL-2 injections for in-transit disease, her research on the patient-experience in cancer, as well as how to get involved in large, multicentre trials. Links: 1. Complex abdominal wall hernias as a barrier to quality of life in cancer survivors. http://canjsurg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/62-3-162.pdf 2. MSLT1: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1310460 3. MSLT2: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1613210 3. MelMarTII Trial: https://twitter.com/CDNCancerTrials/status/1225156142449549312

In this episode, Dr. Sav Brar (https://twitter.com/savbrar) gives a masterclass on gastric cancer. Dr. Brar is a surgical oncologist at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, specializing in gastric cancer and sarcoma. He is also the new program director for the general surgery residency program in Toronto! Links: 1. "Bilroth+Brahm" article in ROSCOE: https://cags-accg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/ROSCOE_Final-PDF.pdf 2. "Sleep is for the Strong" article in ROSCOE: https://cags-accg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Roscoe_II_2018_FINAL_pages.pdf

In this episode, we sat down with a true legend of transplant. Dr. Greig is a recently retired transplant surgeon at the University of Toronto. He is renowned for developing the transplant program in Toronto, and for his teaching of residents and fellows. We talked to him about setting up a transplant program, his thoughts on Competency By Design (CBD) and how to make a graceful transition to retirement. Links: 1. Dr. Greig's piece on Bernie Langer's induction into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame: http://canjsurg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/58-2-80.pdf 2.'‘Fab Four’ celebrated for accomplishments in UHN Transplant Program': https://www.uhn.ca/corporate/News/Pages/Fab_Four_celebrated_for_accomplishments_in_UHN_Transplant_Program.aspx

In this episode we had the pleasure of talking to Dr. Andy Kirkpatrick, a trauma surgeon at the University of Calgary. Our discussion focused on some of Dr. Kirpatrick's unique research interests: telementored ultrasound and space medicine. Buckle up! Links: 1. Telementoring in Austere Environments: http://canjsurg.ca/supplement-the-canadian-armed-forces-supplement-on-military-medicine-caring-for-the-wounded-in-the-future/58-3-s88/ 2. 2010 Trauma Association of Canada Presidential Address: Why the Trauma Association of Canada Should Care About Space Medicine: https://www.traumacanada.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Kirkpatrick-TAC-2010-Presidential-Address-Trauma-in-Space-Spinoffs-J-Trauma-2011.pdf 3. Remote just-in-time telementored trauma ultrasound: a double-factorial randomized controlled trial examining fluid detection and remote knobology control through an ultrasound graphic user interface display: https://www.americanjournalofsurgery.com/article/S0002-9610(16)30111-8/abstract

In this episode, we had the pleasure of interviewing Dr. Scott Gmora. Dr. Gmora is a minimally invasive and bariatric surgeon at McMaster University. He did his medical school at Queen's, residency in Calgary, trauma fellowship in Miami and bariatric fellowship at St. Luke-Roosevelt Hospital in New York under Dr. Texeira. In this episode, we had a blast talking about a wide range of topics, and in particular, we discuss the challenges of surgical training in an era of restricted work hours. Dr. Gmora had some brilliant strategies of how to get the most of out of training. This is a must-listen for every surgical resident. Links: 1. Dr. Gmora's paper on chest tube complications in Canadian Journal of Surgery: http://canjsurg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/50-6-450.pdf 2. "The Coach in the Operating Room" by Atul Gawande. Published in the New Yorker in September 2011: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/10/03/personal-best 3. Jocko Wiilink "Good": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdTMDpizis8

We recorded this interview at the Canadian Surgical Forum (CSF), the annual national conference that brings together surgeons from across Canada. We sat down with Dr. Kelly Vogt, a trauma and acute care surgeon practicing in London, Ontario. We discussed her paper looking at the complete caseload of patients for an Acute Care Surgery (ACS) service and what that means for the evolution of ACS in the future. She also shared her advice for starting out in academic surgery. Links: 1. van Zyl T, Murphy P, Allen L, Parry N, Leslie K, Vogt K. Beyond just the operating room: characterizing the complete caseload of a tertiary acute care surgery service. Can J Surg 2018;61(4):264-269 https://canjsurg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/61-4-264.pdf 2. https://www.canadiansurgeryforum.com/

Tony Gomes is a busy community general surgeon and has been a important mentor for many of us. He discusses the consensus statement by the Canadian Association of General Surgeons early on in the dissemination of advanced laparoscopic techniques in Canada. He also talked about professionalism in surgery and "surgical satisfaction". The links to both of Dr. Gomes's papers in CJS are linked below: 1. "Canadian consensus conference on the development of training and practice standards in advanced minimally invasive surgery": https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/assets/programs/ps-1009154-2009-08-consensus-conference-cmj.pdf 2. "Professionalism - connecting the past and the present and a blueprint for the Canadian Association of General Surgeons": https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2386326/pdf/20080400s00003p88.pdf

We were thrilled to have Dr. Morad Hameed on Cold Steel! Dr. Morad Hameed is a trauma surgeon at Vancouver General Hospital (VGH) and is currently the head of the Division of General Surgery for the University of British Columbia and VGH. We talk in detail about his paper "Process mapping as a framework for performance improvement in emergency general surgery" published in CJS. We also get his thoughts on what inspired him to pursue surgery, his reflections on diversity in surgery, and why public health approaches should be adopted by surgeons. You can access his article for free at: https://canjsurg.ca/61-1-13/ Also check out the website of his company: http://www.t6healthsystems.com/ As always, please leave us a review on iTunes, tweet at us @CanJSurg or email us at podcast.cjs@gmail.com

We are absolutely delighted to have Dr. McLeod as our first guest on Cold Steel. Dr. McLeod is a colorectal surgeon and has had a long and productive career both clinically as a surgeon and academically as a clinical trialist. She also has had a longstanding interest in quality improvement and evidence-based medicine. In the podcast, we talk to her about her work on Evidence-Based Reviews in Surgery (first published in CJS) as well as about her life, career and advice for trainees. Check out all the EBRS reviews at the link below: https://ebrs.online/published-reviews/