Mankind strives, explores and conflicts. These all bring destruction, according to Laozi. Follow the ways of Dao, and all shall be well, he has consistently implored us.

In Laozi's dream life, we would all have a nice modest house, enough food, be peaceful, delight in simple pleasures, keep to ourselves, keep our minds free from unnecessary thoughts and concerns. Everyone is living in harmony and contentment.

True resolution of conflict allows both sides to win. There's no reason for there to be a winner and a loser, as this could create further conflict down the line.

We know that Laozi has a love affair with water. In its manner it comes close to Dao in his thinking. The secret of water's strength is its very softness and malleability. It achieves great things through yielding, persistence and patience.

Laozi believes that it's important – it's the way of Dao – to adjust the inequalities in society. The rich should use some of their wealth to help the poor. In so doing they enrich the world.

For hard and stiff, read impervious and intransigent. For soft and weak, read yielding and vulnerable. Life is full of movement and freshness. Trees can survive the gales if they sway in the wind.

Laozi's message – If you are a king, watch your back. If you are a subject, hold the king to account.

Here, Laozi is saying, if you push people to the limits of their tolerance, then they no longer fear death. Your so called weapon of last resort, death, no longer works. Result: chaos.

The net of Heaven spreads far and wide. In English we sometimes say ‘the long arm of the law,’ meaning punishment is inescapable.

Laozi implores rulers to follow the ways of the Dao. Don't get too comfortable in the hot seat, he chides ... nothing is forever. You ignore the lives and livelihoods of the people at your peril.

True wisdom is knowing that there is so much that you do not know, so much more to learn. Anyone who claims otherwise is self-defeating or misguided, or in Laozi's words, sick.

Whilst he is revered now as a great sage, there may have been few people in his day and age who actually understood enough about him to carry on the message. Like Dao however, Laozi gave his message simply and without expectation.

For Laozi, war and conflict is failure. To get to that point shows that both sides have moved very far away from the principal of Dao, and so there will likely be no winners.

On the surface it may seem as though Laozi is giving advice to warriors, but his words are just as applicable to rulers, leaders, and those in charge generally. More importantly for a good leader, Laozi suggests, is knowing how to best use the people and resources that one has.

The key part of this verse is Laozi's focus on Compassion, Frugality and lack of Ambition – what he describes as his three treasures.

Laozi wants to make the analogy with a sage wishing to show leadership. Not from above or in front, but below and behind… like water weaving its way through difficult terrain, through a valley.

Laozi mentioned that if you overregulated the people then they would use their ingenuity to find ways to subvert your rule. So - in the spirit of Non-doing, wouldn't it be better to govern with openness, simplicity and honesty?

This verse contains one of the best known sayings, if not THE best known saying of Laozi, which most people in the West know as ‘A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.’

In this verse, Laozi is warning against complacency. He would have made a pretty good project manager or life coach in the 21st century.

Let's remind ourselves that Dao is the ultimate. It is all forgiving and values everything equally – the good and the not so good. It is a sanctuary for all.

In this verse, Laozi is dipping into foreign affairs. He is playing with the concept of No-Win, Zero Sum and Win-Win scenarios. This is Game Theory – millenia before it was invented.

Just as you can't be heavy handed in cooking a small fish, so too a light touch is the best way to govern a large state. Laozi invokes Dao to make the point that its natural state is non-doing, non-action.

This verse is about knowing how to act and when to act, also how much to act. Lead in this way, and the people will follow.

Our philosopher has advice for anyone who would become a sage. Be sharp, but don't cut. Be pointed but don't pierce. Be outspoken, but don't offend. Lead by example, but then let your audience decide for themselves.

In this verse our philosopher has what seems to be advice to rulers. Keep things nicely down the middle – ‘the proper norm.’

Here Laozi is saying, live a simple life, and turn your back on personal gain, personal relations and social status. Be content with your progress on the journey. No need to shout about it. Nothing to see here.

Laozi warns against squandering Qi. It's almost as though he is saying that there is a limited amount in our bodies. Use it up, and you will grow old too soon and die young.

Laozi is saying that you don't need to look far to understand the actions of others, family, villages, states and even the way of the universe. Start by understanding yourself. Understanding starts by observing yourself.

Who needs all these fancy things, when you have the most wonderous thing of all – Dao.

There is nothing to be gained from the outside world. Do the opposite and you will be troubled by strife for all your days. Back to the essential message. Find the answer in the small… the fragile … the near at hand.

For Laozi, everything is simply in some form of process, still part of the lifecycle. See it as a vast family tree that leads all the way back from the Ten Thousand things, right back to the One.

Laozi's advice is not dissimilar to contemporary views that sometimes you make you yourself so busy that you don’t have time to enjoy yourself, to truly enjoy existence.

It's the exact same process of setting aside your own needs and desires in favour of others. And if they do wrong then you forgive them. You turn the other cheek. You are teaching by example.

For Laozi there is danger in too much knowledge. It can fill up the mind, and trap you into certain beliefs and actions.

Don't confuse your mind with things that don't matter. Seek the tranquility of inner peace and knowledge. Hence – the farther you travel, the less you know.

Laozi is returning to the concept of the triumph of need over want. It's vitally important to know when enough is enough.

Laozi says that we often have a flawed view of what we see, maybe because we choose to see things that way.

If you have more than you truly need, then you have more to lose. Humility and restraint are the key.

Here Laozi is suggesting that sometimes the best course of action is to do nothing.

All things stem from Dao. And everything created is connected and interdependent.

Don't try to put your finger on Dao – it's not possible. Just remember that it is bountiful and leads us to everything.

Here Laozi comes back to the concept of Non-being. Everything we see around us has a pedigree. But there was a time when something came from nothing. The cycle had to begin.

No man is an Island, entire of itself. Each is a piece of the continent… send not to know for whom the bell tolls, it tolls for thee.

Laozi is offering us a warning about the future. Or rather, he is saying – live in the now. Dao isn't about the future – it's about the here and now.

Greed, hunger for power, for fame and fortune are all desires, but not needs. For Laozi, nothing is to be gained by giving in to your desires.

Here Laozi is trying to get across the truism that when something reaches an extreme, it is self-defeating. He sees it as an inevitable law of opposites.

In this verse Laozi is asking us to trust him, as a sage, who is showing us the way, even though we may not sense it in any way. Stop trying to ascribe attributes to Dao. That’s very human. Just be aware of its bounty.

The answers Laozi so often suggests are to be found within, through the cultivation of our thoughts rather than practical deeds.

In this verse, we have a very handy little guide to living a fulfilled life. But it's important to tread carefully to understand the nuances of his message.

It is about the nature of Dao. A little like the endless circularity of the water cycle – the sea creates clouds which drift over mountains, which cause the water within to be released, which becomes streams and rivers that ultimately flow back into the sea, and so it all starts again.

Laozi's favour rests with the left – live in peace, reject violence. Sometimes violence may be necessary. He qualifies his words by saying ‘in times of peace,’ this is the way to see things. If violence is necessary, be expedient. Don’t glory in it.

For this verse, Laozi is continuing a theme he started in the last one. Action, here force, will get you nowhere. Taking is a path to failure.

In this verse, Laozi is suggesting that rulers should let things be and refrain from leaning in on the side of any extreme. Sometimes the best course of action is to do nothing. Don't strive to be anything other than what you are.

Innocence is a place we have been before as a baby or a child. But just as Dao ebbs and flows, and has no end, so we too can return to that innocent state.

Those who are good – or good at something, should teach those who are less good. Those less good, serve as object lessons to those teaching them. Each is learning from the other. Knowledge is a scale, and teaching is a process, a chain. And that process goes both ways.

Here Laozi is warning against being bogged down by possessions or being too ambitious or perhaps even fighting on too many fronts. A modest existence mentally and physically is easier to control. Be satisfied with your lot. Seek nothing else, simply for the sake of seeking.

Dao is prime. It is female in the sense of producing, giving birth, creating, ever fertile. It is constantly moving, affecting everything in the universe, flowing and returning like waves in the ocean. Then come Heaven and Earth in that order, and both following the ways of Dao. Finally, mankind. Great, and yet definitely at the whim of Dao, Heaven and Earth.

Laozi's lesson is – grandstanding, seeking fame and fortune, being an influencer comes to nothing in the end.

Learn to accept the way things are – save your breath. And be content with your own personal choices. They may be right, they may be wrong. But once made, they are the only choice.

What is being said here is ‘bend yourself backwards and follow the crowd, do not resist, and you will remain intact’. Essentially… if you remain rigid and unyielding in life, then you will most likely face conflict and even be broken.

The Great De is totally in tune with Dao. It's everywhere yet nowhere, is everything and nothing, has form and is formless and most crucially, carries the truth.

Roaming free and aloof, unmoved by people around him enjoying themselves and feasting, Laozi sees richness in wanting nothing. He is nourished by the Dao.

Seek simplicity. People will find their own way. Don't be high and mighty. If you have nothing to steal, then you cannot be robbed.

Laozi argues that if you turn your back on the Dao, then all these human constructs will come flooding back in.

Spare your words – act only when truly necessary. Like water, let the course of events find its own way.

Relax – ignore the outside world, the human world of trouble and strife. Bring your attention down to the very basic – Dao. Do that, and you will be free from problems.

Exploring the profound teachings of one of China’s most important philosophers.

Look beyond the now – grasp the concept of Dao. See that it has always been and always will be. In fact Dao does not recognise time. Past, present, future is all one.

In this verse, Laozi is suggesting that anything you do – do it for yourself, for your own reasons... don't second guess what other people want. That way leads to disaster.

In this verse Laozi is warning us not to be distracted by the physical... it's so easy to wallow in earthly pleasures, but at the end of the day, it won't make you happy. True happiness comes from within.

Repeating in this verse is the concept of Nothing – Wu – not just as a concept of 'No Thing' but also that which surrounds and facilitates things.

In short – keep life – internal and external – as simple as possible.

In this ninth saying, Laozi is sounding a warning bell about human nature. Beware of insatiable desires, especially when fortune smiles upon you. The pursuit of wealth and power will inevitably lead to doom and disaster, he warns.

This verse discusses what is good by making that comparison with water. Behave like water, and you will spread goodness.

Here in this verse, Laozi is urging us to take a lesson from the natural world. He notes that Heaven and Earth expend no energy or thought in keeping up their existence. They just are. They don't need to try.

Laozi invokes the Spirit of the Valley, Mother Nature, bountiful, infinite. He relates it to the profound female. He recognizes its appreciation as a gateway to Dao and notes the humility of its service to mankind.

Keep to the path – the way – the Dao. Don't use up valuable brain power with things that neither matter nor concern you. Be at peace with Non-Doing.

Dao is everywhere, in all things, has no beginning and no end, and potentially is the gift that keeps on giving.

Empty the mind of concerns … meaning free it from desire and want. Fill the belly – Top up the mind with positive thought. Weaken the will – don't give in to pointless desires. Strengthen the bones – build a mind and body that is healthy.

The Dao doesn't create good and bad, ugly and beautiful, happy and sad. Laozi is trying to help us see the interdependence of these self - imposed opposites.

In our opening verse, Laozi is getting us ready. He's setting out the ground rules, and preparing to raise the curtain on something truly profound, inclusive, original, intangible, and ineffable. Roll up, roll up - Welcome to the ‘Gateway to all mysteries.’

Exploring the profound teachings of one of China’s most important philosophers.